Projected global ground-level ozone impacts on vegetation under different emission and climate scenarios

Sicard, Pierre; Anav, Alessandro; De Marco, Alessandra; Paoletti, Elena

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12177-2017

Articles | Volume 17, issue 19

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12177-2017

© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12177-2017

© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 17, issue 19

Research article

|

12 Oct 2017

Research article |

| 12 Oct 2017

Projected global ground-level ozone impacts on vegetation under different emission and climate scenarios

Pierre Sicard, Alessandro Anav, Alessandra De Marco, and Elena Paoletti

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Final revised paper (published on 12 Oct 2017)
Supplement to the final revised paper
Preprint (discussion started on 09 Mar 2017)
Supplement to the preprint

Interactive discussion

Status: closed

AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment

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- Supplement

RC1: 'Referee comments', Anonymous Referee #1, 30 Mar 2017
- AC1: 'Reply - Anonymous Referee #1', Pierre Sicard, 22 Apr 2017
RC2: 'Referee comment', Anonymous Referee #3, 10 Jul 2017
- AC2: 'Reply - Anonymous Referee #3', Pierre Sicard, 21 Jul 2017

Peer-review completion

AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision

AR by Pierre Sicard on behalf of the Authors (27 Jul 2017) Author's response Manuscript

ED: Referee Nomination & Report Request started (04 Aug 2017) by Jayanarayanan Kuttippurath

RR by Anonymous Referee #3 (07 Aug 2017)

RR by Anonymous Referee #1 (22 Aug 2017)

Suggestions for revision or reasons for rejection

These comments refer to a revised submission of a paper previously reviewed in ACPD.

In brief, the work uses the surface ozone concentrations from 6 of the ACCMIP models – for a recent time period (2000) and for 2100 under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios – to calculate changes in AOT40 values and in a potential vegetation risk factor due to ozone (IO3) between 2000 and 2100 for the three climate scenarios. The variations in the values of the metrics and in the simulated future changes in the metrics are discussed in terms of differences between the 6 models, global geographic patterns, and differences between the future scenarios.

Scientific comments:

I raised a number of comments on the previous draft relating to lack of clarity with the methodology for calculating AOT40 and IO3 values, together with some concerns about validity of some of the statements/conclusions derived from their calculations. The specific methodological queries have largely been addressed, although in the revised text the authors have now introduced new lack of clarity in how they assigned particular IO3 values to each model grid square. In L160 it is stated that vegetation was grouped into the three categories of ‘conifer’, ‘crops’ and ‘deciduous trees.’ What are tropical rain forests classified as? What are grasslands and dry shrub classified as? These don’t seem to map readily onto the three specified vegetation classifications. I am also not clear how a % change in IO3 can be derived if the AOT40 value in a particular grid square was initially zero (L425). An IO3 value may become non-zero in a new scenario, where previously it was zero, but it is not possible to assign a % change to a change from zero.

Whilst the authors may have presented a lot of careful and numerically-correct calculations, I still wonder whether the use of various ‘globally-wide’ approximations means that one has to be very cautious about taking the results, particularly for changes in IO3, too literally. Example of these ‘global’ approximations include the calculation of AOT40 values from 08.00 to 20.00 everywhere globally regardless of latitude and time of year, the calculation of AOT40 for a full-year, and the assignment of all global vegetation to just 3 vegetation classes. The authors have responded that because they are interested in examining relative changes in impacts on vegetation these issues are not so important, but surely if growing season length (and extent of daylight hours) at a particular location is relevant for ozone-induced injury then how the annual distributions of ozone concentrations change in the future under different scenarios (and also how growing seasons change under different scenarios) will have a quantitative impact on the extent of ozone-induced injury in the real world compared to these modelled worlds.

Much of the conclusions section remains more like general discussion (particularly in its extensive reference to prior literature) than ‘take home’ conclusions for the reader. There are also a few issues with some of the text in this section: (i) the sentence in L529-530 is not a complete sentence; (ii) the statement in L548-549 that AOT40-based critical levels “will be exceeded over many areas…” is not clear: to which RCP scenario(s) is this sentence referring? It is also potentially a bit misleading because even though AOT40 may be exceeded in certain areas, actually for two of the three future scenarios investigated AOT40 values will be less exceeded in the future than in recent history; (iii) L569 refers to sensitivity of grasslands to ozone injury but yet the authors’ methodology does not refer to how IO3 is calculated for grasslands.

Please explicitly state somewhere in the text that tabulated and quoted values of global, NH and SH mean surface ozone, AOT40, and IO3 are derived from averaging values over the global/NH/SH land areas only, not over their full respective geographic domains. (At least, I presume that this is the case.)

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ED: Reconsider after minor revisions (Editor review) (24 Aug 2017) by Jayanarayanan Kuttippurath

AR by Pierre Sicard on behalf of the Authors (25 Aug 2017)

ED: Publish subject to technical corrections (11 Sep 2017) by Jayanarayanan Kuttippurath

AR by Pierre Sicard on behalf of the Authors (12 Sep 2017) Author's response Manuscript

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Short summary

A few issues about surface ozone, e.g. a better understanding of spatial changes and a better assessment of ozone impacts worldwide, are still challenging. To overcome these issues, this study assessed, for the first time, the spatial and temporal changes in the projected potential ozone impacts on carbon assimilation of vegetation at global scale, by comparing the ozone potential injury at present with that expected at the end of the 21st century from different global chemistry models.