Bidirectional air–sea exchange and accumulation of POPs (PAHs, PCBs, OCPs  and PBDEs) in the nocturnal marine boundary layer

Lammel, Gerhard; Meixner, Franz X.; Vrana, Branislav; Efstathiou, Christos I.; Kohoutek, Jiři; Kukučka, Petr; Mulder, Marie D.; Přibylová, Petra; Prokeš, Roman; Rusina, Tatsiana P.; Song, Guo-Zheng; Tsapakis, Manolis

doi:10.5194/acp-16-6381-2016

Articles | Volume 16, issue 10

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6381-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6381-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 16, issue 10

Research article

|

25 May 2016

Research article |

| 25 May 2016

Bidirectional air–sea exchange and accumulation of POPs (PAHs, PCBs, OCPs and PBDEs) in the nocturnal marine boundary layer

Gerhard Lammel, Franz X. Meixner, Branislav Vrana, Christos I. Efstathiou, Jiři Kohoutek, Petr Kukučka, Marie D. Mulder, Petra Přibylová, Roman Prokeš, Tatsiana P. Rusina, Guo-Zheng Song, and Manolis Tsapakis

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Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2016	94	34	4	132
Mar 2016	32	9	2	43
Apr 2016	20	6	1	27
May 2016	156	56	2	214
Jun 2016	20	13	3	36
Jul 2016	13	2	2	17
Aug 2016	13	6	1	20
Sep 2016	15	6	1	22
Oct 2016	12	7	0	19
Nov 2016	9	4	0	13
Dec 2016	11	9	0	20
Jan 2017	21	15	1	37
Feb 2017	17	10	1	28
Mar 2017	30	20	1	51
Apr 2017	26	12	0	38
May 2017	30	20	1	51
Jun 2017	30	22	2	54
Jul 2017	26	19	0	45
Aug 2017	19	11	1	31
Sep 2017	19	11	2	32
Oct 2017	15	15	0	30
Nov 2017	18	16	3	37
Dec 2017	13	16	0	29
Jan 2018	12	13	0	25
Feb 2018	15	13	0	28
Mar 2018	13	20	0	33
Apr 2018	17	17	3	37
May 2018	13	4	0	17
Jun 2018	11	14	0	25
Jul 2018	15	17	4	36
Aug 2018	17	11	0	28
Sep 2018	15	18	4	37
Oct 2018	19	14	2	35
Nov 2018	23	10	3	36
Dec 2018	14	2	0	16
Jan 2019	12	6	1	19
Feb 2019	10	7	0	17
Mar 2019	8	6	0	14
Apr 2019	8	3	0	11
May 2019	14	8	0	22
Jun 2019	10	5	4	19
Jul 2019	15	11	1	27
Aug 2019	11	11	0	22
Sep 2019	9	7	0	16
Oct 2019	11	7	2	20
Nov 2019	9	8	3	20
Dec 2019	11	12	0	23
Jan 2020	13	10	0	23
Feb 2020	11	6	0	17
Mar 2020	6	6	0	12
Apr 2020	3	8	1	12
May 2020	12	13	0	25
Jun 2020	17	14	5	36
Jul 2020	17	16	4	37
Aug 2020	12	9	3	24
Sep 2020	14	13	2	29
Oct 2020	12	13	0	25
Nov 2020	14	6	2	22
Dec 2020	12	11	0	23
Jan 2021	19	8	0	27
Feb 2021	14	15	1	30
Mar 2021	17	7	0	24
Apr 2021	14	7	1	22
May 2021	18	10	4	32
Jun 2021	13	10	0	23
Jul 2021	9	8	1	18
Aug 2021	13	13	4	30
Sep 2021	15	10	0	25
Oct 2021	7	42	0	49
Nov 2021	8	27	3	38
Dec 2021	21	11	0	32
Jan 2022	21	12	1	34
Feb 2022	12	4	0	16
Mar 2022	7	7	0	14
Apr 2022	14	7	2	23
May 2022	12	4	1	17
Jun 2022	6	4	0	10
Jul 2022	7	4	0	11
Aug 2022	16	4	1	21
Sep 2022	6	2	0	8
Oct 2022	14	6	2	22
Nov 2022	17	9	1	27
Dec 2022	3	4	0	7
Jan 2023	8	7	0	15
Feb 2023	14	4	1	19
Mar 2023	22	11	0	33
Apr 2023	4	2	0	6
May 2023	36	13	1	50
Jun 2023	39	10	3	52
Jul 2023	37	14	1	52
Aug 2023	34	9	2	45
Sep 2023	42	7	1	50
Oct 2023	43	9	3	55
Nov 2023	30	6	0	36
Dec 2023	46	9	2	57
Jan 2024	40	9	0	49
Feb 2024	32	5	0	37
Mar 2024	48	13	3	64
Apr 2024	44	10	5	59
May 2024	18	11	2	31
Jun 2024	46	6	2	54
Jul 2024	11	7	3	21
Aug 2024	14	4	11	29
Sep 2024	9	7	3	19
Oct 2024	17	9	0	26
Nov 2024	10	3	4	17
Dec 2024	9	2	0	11
Jan 2025	19	11	5	35
Feb 2025	33	7	5	45
Mar 2025	14	9	5	28
Apr 2025	16	29	1	46
May 2025	25	7	0	32
Jun 2025	41	8	6	55
Jul 2025	19	12	1	32
Aug 2025	24	12	0	36
Sep 2025	26	15	3	44
Oct 2025	20	25	2	47
Nov 2025	15	21	0	36

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 01 Feb 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2016	94	34	4	132
Mar 2016	32	9	2	43
Apr 2016	20	6	1	27
May 2016	156	56	2	214
Jun 2016	20	13	3	36
Jul 2016	13	2	2	17
Aug 2016	13	6	1	20
Sep 2016	15	6	1	22
Oct 2016	12	7	0	19
Nov 2016	9	4	0	13
Dec 2016	11	9	0	20
Jan 2017	21	15	1	37
Feb 2017	17	10	1	28
Mar 2017	30	20	1	51
Apr 2017	26	12	0	38
May 2017	30	20	1	51
Jun 2017	30	22	2	54
Jul 2017	26	19	0	45
Aug 2017	19	11	1	31
Sep 2017	19	11	2	32
Oct 2017	15	15	0	30
Nov 2017	18	16	3	37
Dec 2017	13	16	0	29
Jan 2018	12	13	0	25
Feb 2018	15	13	0	28
Mar 2018	13	20	0	33
Apr 2018	17	17	3	37
May 2018	13	4	0	17
Jun 2018	11	14	0	25
Jul 2018	15	17	4	36
Aug 2018	17	11	0	28
Sep 2018	15	18	4	37
Oct 2018	19	14	2	35
Nov 2018	23	10	3	36
Dec 2018	14	2	0	16
Jan 2019	12	6	1	19
Feb 2019	10	7	0	17
Mar 2019	8	6	0	14
Apr 2019	8	3	0	11
May 2019	14	8	0	22
Jun 2019	10	5	4	19
Jul 2019	15	11	1	27
Aug 2019	11	11	0	22
Sep 2019	9	7	0	16
Oct 2019	11	7	2	20
Nov 2019	9	8	3	20
Dec 2019	11	12	0	23
Jan 2020	13	10	0	23
Feb 2020	11	6	0	17
Mar 2020	6	6	0	12
Apr 2020	3	8	1	12
May 2020	12	13	0	25
Jun 2020	17	14	5	36
Jul 2020	17	16	4	37
Aug 2020	12	9	3	24
Sep 2020	14	13	2	29
Oct 2020	12	13	0	25
Nov 2020	14	6	2	22
Dec 2020	12	11	0	23
Jan 2021	19	8	0	27
Feb 2021	14	15	1	30
Mar 2021	17	7	0	24
Apr 2021	14	7	1	22
May 2021	18	10	4	32
Jun 2021	13	10	0	23
Jul 2021	9	8	1	18
Aug 2021	13	13	4	30
Sep 2021	15	10	0	25
Oct 2021	7	42	0	49
Nov 2021	8	27	3	38
Dec 2021	21	11	0	32
Jan 2022	21	12	1	34
Feb 2022	12	4	0	16
Mar 2022	7	7	0	14
Apr 2022	14	7	2	23
May 2022	12	4	1	17
Jun 2022	6	4	0	10
Jul 2022	7	4	0	11
Aug 2022	16	4	1	21
Sep 2022	6	2	0	8
Oct 2022	14	6	2	22
Nov 2022	17	9	1	27
Dec 2022	3	4	0	7
Jan 2023	8	7	0	15
Feb 2023	14	4	1	19
Mar 2023	22	11	0	33
Apr 2023	4	2	0	6
May 2023	36	13	1	50
Jun 2023	39	10	3	52
Jul 2023	37	14	1	52
Aug 2023	34	9	2	45
Sep 2023	42	7	1	50
Oct 2023	43	9	3	55
Nov 2023	30	6	0	36
Dec 2023	46	9	2	57
Jan 2024	40	9	0	49
Feb 2024	32	5	0	37
Mar 2024	48	13	3	64
Apr 2024	44	10	5	59
May 2024	18	11	2	31
Jun 2024	46	6	2	54
Jul 2024	11	7	3	21
Aug 2024	14	4	11	29
Sep 2024	9	7	3	19
Oct 2024	17	9	0	26
Nov 2024	10	3	4	17
Dec 2024	9	2	0	11
Jan 2025	19	11	5	35
Feb 2025	33	7	5	45
Mar 2025	14	9	5	28
Apr 2025	16	29	1	46
May 2025	25	7	0	32
Jun 2025	41	8	6	55
Jul 2025	19	12	1	32
Aug 2025	24	12	0	36
Sep 2025	26	15	3	44
Oct 2025	20	25	2	47
Nov 2025	15	21	0	36

Latest update: 18 Nov 2025

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Short summary

As a consequence of long-range transported pollution air–sea exchange can become a major source of anthropogenic organic pollutants. Fluxes were studied at a remote coastal site in the Mediterranean, based on gradient measurements in air, measurements in surface seawater and eddy covariance. Night-time maxima in air are explained by volatilisation from the sea surface. Fluctuation of the direction of air–sea exchange indicate that long-term observations are needed.