Articles | Volume 16, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1693-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1693-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
12 Feb 2016
Research article |
| 12 Feb 2016
Aqueous phase oxidation of sulphur dioxide by ozone in cloud droplets
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF Davos, Switzerland
C. Fuchs
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
E. Järvinen
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
H. Saathoff
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
A. Dias
CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
I. Haddad
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
S. C. Coburn
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
J. Tröstl
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
A.-K. Bernhammer
University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Ionicon Analytik GmbH, Eduard-Bodem-Gasse 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
F. Bianchi
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
M. Breitenlechner
University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
J. C. Corbin
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
J. Craven
California Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
now at: Portland Technology Development Division of Intel, Hillsboro, OR, USA
N. M. Donahue
Carnegie Mellon University Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
J. Duplissy
Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
S. Ehrhart
CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
H. Gordon
CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
N. Höppel
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
M. Heinritzi
Goethe University of Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
T. B. Kristensen
Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
U. Molteni
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
L. Nichman
School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
T. Pinterich
University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Aerosol and Environmental Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
A. S. H. Prévôt
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
Goethe University of Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
J. G. Slowik
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
G. Steiner
Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Aerosol and Environmental Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
CENTRA-SIM, University of Lisbon and University of Beira Interior, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
A. L. Vogel
CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
R. Volkamer
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
A. C. Wagner
Goethe University of Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
R. Wagner
Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
A. S. Wexler
Departments of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Land, Air, and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
C. Williamson
Goethe University of Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
now at: Chemical Sciences Division NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory 325 Broadway R/CSD2 Boulder, CO, USA
now at: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
P. M. Winkler
University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Aerosol and Environmental Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
A. Amorim
CENTRA-SIM, University of Lisbon and University of Beira Interior, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
J. Dommen
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
J. Curtius
Goethe University of Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
M. W. Gallagher
School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
NERC Instrument PI, National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), Leeds, UK
R. C. Flagan
California Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
A. Hansel
University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
Ionicon Analytik GmbH, Eduard-Bodem-Gasse 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
J. Kirkby
CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
Goethe University of Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
M. Kulmala
Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
O. Möhler
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
F. Stratmann
Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
D. R. Worsnop
Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
U. Baltensperger
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
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- Final revised paper (published on 12 Feb 2016)
- Preprint (discussion started on 01 Dec 2015)
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
Status: closed
AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment
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RC C10771: 'Review', Anonymous Referee #2, 22 Dec 2015
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AC C12026: 'Reply to reviewer 2', Christopher Hoyle, 28 Jan 2016
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AC C12026: 'Reply to reviewer 2', Christopher Hoyle, 28 Jan 2016
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RC C11525: 'Review of Hoyle et al.', Anonymous Referee #1, 13 Jan 2016
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AC C12027: 'Reply to reviewer 1', Christopher Hoyle, 28 Jan 2016
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AC C12027: 'Reply to reviewer 1', Christopher Hoyle, 28 Jan 2016
Peer-review completion
AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision
AR by Christopher Hoyle on behalf of the Authors (28 Jan 2016)
Author's response
ED: Publish subject to technical corrections (29 Jan 2016) by Veli-Matti Kerminen
AR by Christopher Hoyle on behalf of the Authors (29 Jan 2016)
Author's response
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Short summary
A significant portion of sulphate, an important constituent of atmospheric aerosols, is formed via the aqueous phase oxidation of sulphur dioxide by ozone. The rate of this reaction has previously only been measured over a relatively small temperature range. Here, we use the state of the art CLOUD chamber at CERN to perform the first measurements of this reaction rate in super-cooled droplets, confirming that the existing extrapolation of the reaction rate to sub-zero temperatures is accurate.
A significant portion of sulphate, an important constituent of atmospheric aerosols, is formed...
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