Articles | Volume 16, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13601-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13601-2016
© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
03 Nov 2016
Research article |
| 03 Nov 2016
Unexpectedly acidic nanoparticles formed in dimethylamine–ammonia–sulfuric-acid nucleation experiments at CLOUD
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA,
92697, USA
visitor at: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Atmospheric
Chemistry Observations and Modeling Lab, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA
formerly at: University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied
Physics, Kuopio, Finland
Paul M. Winkler
Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Jaeseok Kim
Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio,
Finland
Arctic Research Center, Korea Polar Research Institute, Yeonsu-gu,
Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
Lars Ahlm
Department of Environmental Science and
Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Jasmin Tröstl
Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
Arnaud P. Praplan
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki,
Finland
Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
Siegfried Schobesberger
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki,
Finland
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Andreas Kürten
Institute for Atmospheric and
Environmental Sciences, Goethe University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Jasper Kirkby
Institute for Atmospheric and
Environmental Sciences, Goethe University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva,
Switzerland
Federico Bianchi
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki,
Finland
Jonathan Duplissy
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki,
Finland
Armin Hansel
Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020
Innsbruck, Austria
Tuija Jokinen
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki,
Finland
Helmi Keskinen
Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio,
Finland
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki,
Finland
Katrianne Lehtipalo
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki,
Finland
Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
Markus Leiminger
Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020
Innsbruck, Austria
Tuukka Petäjä
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki,
Finland
Matti Rissanen
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki,
Finland
Linda Rondo
Institute for Atmospheric and
Environmental Sciences, Goethe University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Mario Simon
Institute for Atmospheric and
Environmental Sciences, Goethe University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Mikko Sipilä
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki,
Finland
Christina Williamson
Institute for Atmospheric and
Environmental Sciences, Goethe University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences,
University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
Chemical Sciences
Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
Daniela Wimmer
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki,
Finland
Institute for Atmospheric and
Environmental Sciences, Goethe University of Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Ilona Riipinen
Department of Environmental Science and
Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Annele Virtanen
Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
James N. Smith
Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA,
92697, USA
formerly at: University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied
Physics, Kuopio, Finland
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- Final revised paper (published on 03 Nov 2016)
- Preprint (discussion started on 24 Jun 2016)
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
Status: closed
AC: Author comment | RC: Referee comment | SC: Short comment | EC: Editor comment
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RC1: 'Review', Anonymous Referee #1, 26 Jul 2016
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RC2: 'Evaluation of acp-2016-361', Anonymous Referee #2, 31 Jul 2016
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AC1: 'Response to referee 1', Michael Lawler, 07 Sep 2016
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AC2: 'Response to referee 2', Michael Lawler, 07 Sep 2016
Peer-review completion
AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision
AR by Michael Lawler on behalf of the Authors (16 Sep 2016)
Author's response
Manuscript
ED: Publish as is (29 Sep 2016) by John Liggio
AR by Michael Lawler on behalf of the Authors (03 Oct 2016)
Short summary
We present chemical observations of newly formed particles as small as ~ 10 nm from new particle formation experiments using sulfuric acid, dimethylamine, ammonia, and water vapor as gas phase reactants. The nanoparticles were more acidic than expected based on thermodynamic expectations, particularly at the smallest measured sizes. The results suggest rapid surface conversion of SO2 to sulfate and show a marked composition change between 10 and 15 nm, possibly indicating a phase change.
We present chemical observations of newly formed particles as small as ~ 10 nm from new particle...
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