Not all feldspars are equal: a survey of ice nucleating properties
across the feldspar group of minerals

Harrison, Alexander D.; Whale, Thomas F.; Carpenter, Michael A.; Holden, Mark A.; Neve, Lesley; O'Sullivan, Daniel; Vergara Temprado, Jesus; Murray, Benjamin J.

doi:10.5194/acp-16-10927-2016

Articles | Volume 16, issue 17

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10927-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10927-2016

© Author(s) 2016. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 16, issue 17

Research article

|

05 Sep 2016

Research article |

| 05 Sep 2016

Not all feldspars are equal: a survey of ice nucleating properties across the feldspar group of minerals

Alexander D. Harrison, Thomas F. Whale, Michael A. Carpenter, Mark A. Holden, Lesley Neve, Daniel O'Sullivan, Jesus Vergara Temprado, and Benjamin J. Murray

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Sep 2016	124	49	3	176
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Nov 2016	12	5	0	17
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Jan 2017	17	16	1	34
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Jan 2018	12	21	0	33
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May 2018	23	12	1	36
Jun 2018	8	16	1	25
Jul 2018	9	17	2	28
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Jan 2019	12	7	2	21
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Mar 2019	13	28	0	41
Apr 2019	22	18	0	40
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Aug 2019	12	12	4	28
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Nov 2019	16	11	0	27
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Jan 2020	7	12	0	19
Feb 2020	10	16	1	27
Mar 2020	5	11	0	16
Apr 2020	13	18	1	32
May 2020	10	14	0	24
Jun 2020	14	17	1	32
Jul 2020	23	25	5	53
Aug 2020	23	13	3	39
Sep 2020	16	39	1	56
Oct 2020	8	26	0	34
Nov 2020	9	6	1	16
Dec 2020	16	13	0	29
Jan 2021	20	15	0	35
Feb 2021	13	27	1	41
Mar 2021	15	32	1	48
Apr 2021	23	19	0	42
May 2021	11	7	2	20
Jun 2021	17	14	0	31
Jul 2021	15	20	0	35
Aug 2021	10	23	0	33
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Oct 2021	19	57	1	77
Nov 2021	24	41	1	66
Dec 2021	20	19	1	40
Jan 2022	20	21	1	42
Feb 2022	12	11	4	27
Mar 2022	13	21	0	34
Apr 2022	18	24	1	43
May 2022	24	29	0	53
Jun 2022	10	11	1	22
Jul 2022	10	16	0	26
Aug 2022	19	33	0	52
Sep 2022	10	12	1	23
Oct 2022	19	18	2	39
Nov 2022	24	16	0	40
Dec 2022	17	20	3	40
Jan 2023	36	22	4	62
Feb 2023	33	14	4	51
Mar 2023	35	19	1	55
Apr 2023	17	17	1	35
May 2023	42	15	0	57
Jun 2023	60	13	2	75
Jul 2023	59	12	3	74
Aug 2023	50	21	7	78
Sep 2023	50	20	0	70
Oct 2023	62	8	3	73
Nov 2023	38	10	1	49
Dec 2023	61	17	3	81
Jan 2024	80	23	2	105
Feb 2024	59	14	0	73
Mar 2024	69	31	1	101
Apr 2024	54	11	3	68
May 2024	30	20	4	54
Jun 2024	57	31	4	92
Jul 2024	25	14	5	44
Aug 2024	45	16	6	67
Sep 2024	25	16	3	44
Oct 2024	45	15	2	62
Nov 2024	37	5	4	46
Dec 2024	61	17	2	80
Jan 2025	35	21	2	58
Feb 2025	45	17	1	63
Mar 2025	36	18	3	57
Apr 2025	46	21	0	67
May 2025	53	10	2	65
Jun 2025	62	24	3	89
Jul 2025	47	24	1	72
Aug 2025	67	31	2	100
Sep 2025	53	14	2	69
Oct 2025	38	32	2	72
Nov 2025	43	21	4	68

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 19 Feb 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2016	88	52	6	146
Mar 2016	59	34	1	94
Apr 2016	37	22	1	60
May 2016	19	7	0	26
Jun 2016	21	11	3	35
Jul 2016	10	4	0	14
Aug 2016	12	8	2	22
Sep 2016	124	49	3	176
Oct 2016	23	13	0	36
Nov 2016	12	5	0	17
Dec 2016	6	9	0	15
Jan 2017	17	16	1	34
Feb 2017	21	17	1	39
Mar 2017	35	26	1	62
Apr 2017	26	20	0	46
May 2017	27	24	3	54
Jun 2017	30	36	0	66
Jul 2017	20	14	0	34
Aug 2017	23	26	1	50
Sep 2017	15	24	1	40
Oct 2017	13	23	1	37
Nov 2017	30	17	1	48
Dec 2017	12	15	1	28
Jan 2018	12	21	0	33
Feb 2018	15	13	0	28
Mar 2018	17	11	1	29
Apr 2018	13	10	0	23
May 2018	23	12	1	36
Jun 2018	8	16	1	25
Jul 2018	9	17	2	28
Aug 2018	25	20	0	45
Sep 2018	19	17	1	37
Oct 2018	28	17	4	49
Nov 2018	12	18	0	30
Dec 2018	20	8	2	30
Jan 2019	12	7	2	21
Feb 2019	14	10	0	24
Mar 2019	13	28	0	41
Apr 2019	22	18	0	40
May 2019	16	17	1	34
Jun 2019	10	9	0	19
Jul 2019	25	14	1	40
Aug 2019	12	12	4	28
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Nov 2020	9	6	1	16
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Feb 2021	13	27	1	41
Mar 2021	15	32	1	48
Apr 2021	23	19	0	42
May 2021	11	7	2	20
Jun 2021	17	14	0	31
Jul 2021	15	20	0	35
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Jan 2022	20	21	1	42
Feb 2022	12	11	4	27
Mar 2022	13	21	0	34
Apr 2022	18	24	1	43
May 2022	24	29	0	53
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Jul 2022	10	16	0	26
Aug 2022	19	33	0	52
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Oct 2022	19	18	2	39
Nov 2022	24	16	0	40
Dec 2022	17	20	3	40
Jan 2023	36	22	4	62
Feb 2023	33	14	4	51
Mar 2023	35	19	1	55
Apr 2023	17	17	1	35
May 2023	42	15	0	57
Jun 2023	60	13	2	75
Jul 2023	59	12	3	74
Aug 2023	50	21	7	78
Sep 2023	50	20	0	70
Oct 2023	62	8	3	73
Nov 2023	38	10	1	49
Dec 2023	61	17	3	81
Jan 2024	80	23	2	105
Feb 2024	59	14	0	73
Mar 2024	69	31	1	101
Apr 2024	54	11	3	68
May 2024	30	20	4	54
Jun 2024	57	31	4	92
Jul 2024	25	14	5	44
Aug 2024	45	16	6	67
Sep 2024	25	16	3	44
Oct 2024	45	15	2	62
Nov 2024	37	5	4	46
Dec 2024	61	17	2	80
Jan 2025	35	21	2	58
Feb 2025	45	17	1	63
Mar 2025	36	18	3	57
Apr 2025	46	21	0	67
May 2025	53	10	2	65
Jun 2025	62	24	3	89
Jul 2025	47	24	1	72
Aug 2025	67	31	2	100
Sep 2025	53	14	2	69
Oct 2025	38	32	2	72
Nov 2025	43	21	4	68

Latest update: 26 Nov 2025

Short summary

Mineral dust particles are known to act as effective ice nucleating particles in the atmosphere and to play a role in the glaciation of mixed phase clouds. We have measured the ice nucleation activity of 15 different feldspar samples using a droplet freezing experiment and shown that alkali feldspars nucleate ice much more efficiently than plagioclase feldspars. We have also shown that certain "hyper-active" alkali feldspars nucleate ice very efficiently compared to typical alkali feldspars.