Articles | Volume 15, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6577-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6577-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
16 Jun 2015
Research article |
| 16 Jun 2015
Momentum forcing of the quasi-biennial oscillation by equatorial waves in recent reanalyses
Y.-H. Kim
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
H.-Y. Chun
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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Cited
30 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Stratospheric variability of wave activity and parameters in equatorial coastal and tropical sites during the West African monsoon P. Kafando et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2764-1
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- Revisiting the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation as Seen in ERA5. Part I: Description and Momentum Budget H. Pahlavan et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-20-0248.1
- Explaining the period fluctuation of the quasi-biennial oscillation Y. Kim https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5647-2025
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- Stratospheric water vapour and ozone response to the quasi-biennial oscillation disruptions in 2016 and 2020 M. Diallo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14303-2022
- Role of equatorial waves and convective gravity waves in the 2015/16 quasi-biennial oscillation disruption M. Kang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14669-2020
- Characteristics of Latent Heating Rate From GPM and Convective Gravity Wave Momentum Flux Calculated Using the GPM Data H. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037003
- Relative roles of different tropical oceans on the weakening of the stratospheric equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-026-01359-y
- Revisiting the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation as Seen in ERA5. Part II: Evaluation of Waves and Wave Forcing H. Pahlavan et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-20-0249.1
- The climatology of the Brewer–Dobson circulation and the contribution of gravity waves K. Sato & S. Hirano https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4517-2019
- Sensitivity of the quasi‐biennial oscillation simulated in WACCM to the phase speed spectrum and the settings in an inertial gravity wave parameterization C. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016MS000824
- Realistic Simulation of Tropical Atmospheric Gravity Waves Using Radar‐Observed Precipitation Rate and Echo Top Height M. Bramberger et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001949
- Resolved gravity waves in the tropical stratosphere: Impact of horizontal resolution and deep convection parametrization I. Polichtchouk et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4202
- Comparison of equatorial wave activity in the tropical tropopause layer and stratosphere represented in reanalyses Y. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10027-2019
- Intraseasonal to interannual variability of Kelvin wave momentum fluxes as derived from high-resolution radiosonde data J. Sjoberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8971-2017
- Role of tropical lower stratosphere winds in quasi-biennial oscillation disruptions M. Kang et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm7229
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- Inter-comparison of stratospheric mean-meridional circulation and eddy mixing among six reanalysis data sets K. Miyazaki et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6131-2016
- The Early Development of the 2015/16 Quasi-Biennial Oscillation Disruption P. Lin et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-18-0292.1
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- Differences in Satellite‐Based Latent Heating Profiles Between the 2015/2016 Disruption and Westerly Phase of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation D. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036254
- HIRDLS observations of global gravity wave absolute momentum fluxes: A wavelet based approach S. John & K. Kishore Kumar https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2015.12.004
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- The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and global-scale tropical waves in Aeolus wind observations, radiosonde data, and reanalyses M. Ern et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9549-2023
- Overview of experiment design and comparison of models participating in phase 1 of the SPARC Quasi-Biennial Oscillation initiative (QBOi) N. Butchart et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1009-2018
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- Tropical Wave Observations From the Reel‐Down Atmospheric Temperature Sensor (RATS) in the Lowermost Stratosphere During Strateole‐2 M. Bramberger et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL104711
- On the interaction between Kelvin waves at different phase speeds and the background flow A. Shaaban & P. Roundy https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4412
- A Revisit of Large-Scale Patterns in Middle Stratospheric Circulation Variations N. Tao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/e27040327
30 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Stratospheric variability of wave activity and parameters in equatorial coastal and tropical sites during the West African monsoon P. Kafando et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-015-2764-1
- Variability of the Stratospheric Quasi-Biennial Oscillation and Its Wave Forcing Simulated in the Beijing Climate Center Atmospheric General Circulation Model Y. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-19-0123.1
- Revisiting the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation as Seen in ERA5. Part I: Description and Momentum Budget H. Pahlavan et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-20-0248.1
- Explaining the period fluctuation of the quasi-biennial oscillation Y. Kim https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-5647-2025
- On the Momentum Budget of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model R. Garcia & J. Richter https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-18-0088.1
- Stratospheric water vapour and ozone response to the quasi-biennial oscillation disruptions in 2016 and 2020 M. Diallo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14303-2022
- Role of equatorial waves and convective gravity waves in the 2015/16 quasi-biennial oscillation disruption M. Kang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14669-2020
- Characteristics of Latent Heating Rate From GPM and Convective Gravity Wave Momentum Flux Calculated Using the GPM Data H. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037003
- Relative roles of different tropical oceans on the weakening of the stratospheric equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-026-01359-y
- Revisiting the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation as Seen in ERA5. Part II: Evaluation of Waves and Wave Forcing H. Pahlavan et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-20-0249.1
- The climatology of the Brewer–Dobson circulation and the contribution of gravity waves K. Sato & S. Hirano https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4517-2019
- Sensitivity of the quasi‐biennial oscillation simulated in WACCM to the phase speed spectrum and the settings in an inertial gravity wave parameterization C. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016MS000824
- Realistic Simulation of Tropical Atmospheric Gravity Waves Using Radar‐Observed Precipitation Rate and Echo Top Height M. Bramberger et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS001949
- Resolved gravity waves in the tropical stratosphere: Impact of horizontal resolution and deep convection parametrization I. Polichtchouk et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4202
- Comparison of equatorial wave activity in the tropical tropopause layer and stratosphere represented in reanalyses Y. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-10027-2019
- Intraseasonal to interannual variability of Kelvin wave momentum fluxes as derived from high-resolution radiosonde data J. Sjoberg et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8971-2017
- Role of tropical lower stratosphere winds in quasi-biennial oscillation disruptions M. Kang et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm7229
- Crucial role of obliquely propagating gravity waves in the quasi-biennial oscillation dynamics Y. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3297-2024
- Inter-comparison of stratospheric mean-meridional circulation and eddy mixing among six reanalysis data sets K. Miyazaki et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6131-2016
- The Early Development of the 2015/16 Quasi-Biennial Oscillation Disruption P. Lin et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-18-0292.1
- Momentum Flux of Convective Gravity Waves Derived from an Offline Gravity Wave Parameterization. Part II: Impacts on the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation M. Kang et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-18-0094.1
- Differences in Satellite‐Based Latent Heating Profiles Between the 2015/2016 Disruption and Westerly Phase of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation D. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD036254
- HIRDLS observations of global gravity wave absolute momentum fluxes: A wavelet based approach S. John & K. Kishore Kumar https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2015.12.004
- Representation of the tropical stratospheric zonal wind in global atmospheric reanalyses Y. Kawatani et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6681-2016
- The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and global-scale tropical waves in Aeolus wind observations, radiosonde data, and reanalyses M. Ern et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-9549-2023
- Overview of experiment design and comparison of models participating in phase 1 of the SPARC Quasi-Biennial Oscillation initiative (QBOi) N. Butchart et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-1009-2018
- Impacts, processes and projections of the quasi-biennial oscillation J. Anstey et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00323-7
- Tropical Wave Observations From the Reel‐Down Atmospheric Temperature Sensor (RATS) in the Lowermost Stratosphere During Strateole‐2 M. Bramberger et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL104711
- On the interaction between Kelvin waves at different phase speeds and the background flow A. Shaaban & P. Roundy https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4412
- A Revisit of Large-Scale Patterns in Middle Stratospheric Circulation Variations N. Tao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/e27040327
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 17 Sep 2026
Short summary
The momentum forcing of the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) by equatorial waves is estimated using recent reanalysis data sets. The Kelvin wave produces primary forcing of the QBO in the easterly-to-westerly transition phase below 30hPa, whereas mesoscale gravity waves produce larger forcing than the Kelvin wave above 30hPa. Still, the recent reanalyses underestimate the forcing by the large-scale equatorial waves.
The momentum forcing of the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) by equatorial waves...
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