Observations and modeling of air quality trends over 1990–2010 across the Northern Hemisphere: China, the United States and Europe

Xing, J.; Mathur, R.; Pleim, J.; Hogrefe, C.; Gan, C.-M.; Wong, D. C.; Wei, C.; Gilliam, R.; Pouliot, G.

doi:10.5194/acp-15-2723-2015

Articles | Volume 15, issue 5

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2723-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-2723-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 15, issue 5

Research article

|

10 Mar 2015

Research article |

| 10 Mar 2015

Observations and modeling of air quality trends over 1990–2010 across the Northern Hemisphere: China, the United States and Europe

J. Xing, R. Mathur, J. Pleim, C. Hogrefe, C.-M. Gan, D. C. Wong, C. Wei, R. Gilliam, and G. Pouliot

Viewed

Total article views: 8,740 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
4,456	4,079	205	8,740	189	269

HTML: 4,456
PDF: 4,079
XML: 205
Total: 8,740
BibTeX: 189
EndNote: 269

Views and downloads (calculated since 08 Oct 2014)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Oct 2014	223	372	2	597
Nov 2014	31	43	1	75
Dec 2014	35	27	3	65
Jan 2015	53	15	2	70
Feb 2015	61	13	0	74
Mar 2015	209	144	2	355
Apr 2015	88	61	3	152
May 2015	56	81	5	142
Jun 2015	62	74	2	138
Jul 2015	40	64	1	105
Aug 2015	34	70	1	105
Sep 2015	24	65	3	92
Oct 2015	45	54	2	101
Nov 2015	53	59	4	116
Dec 2015	35	55	4	94
Jan 2016	48	62	4	114
Feb 2016	48	102	2	152
Mar 2016	43	101	0	144
Apr 2016	18	74	0	92
May 2016	25	57	0	82
Jun 2016	11	17	0	28
Jul 2016	14	21	2	37
Aug 2016	19	20	0	39
Sep 2016	13	22	0	35
Oct 2016	20	12	0	32
Nov 2016	13	13	0	26
Dec 2016	8	14	0	22
Jan 2017	32	19	0	51
Feb 2017	14	8	0	22
Mar 2017	35	36	1	72
Apr 2017	38	31	0	69
May 2017	35	27	0	62
Jun 2017	40	29	0	69
Jul 2017	28	22	0	50
Aug 2017	14	36	0	50
Sep 2017	16	30	0	46
Oct 2017	21	42	3	66
Nov 2017	22	49	1	72
Dec 2017	11	39	0	50
Jan 2018	7	38	0	45
Feb 2018	18	31	0	49
Mar 2018	15	48	0	63
Apr 2018	14	35	0	49
May 2018	15	32	0	47
Jun 2018	17	58	0	75
Jul 2018	15	32	0	47
Aug 2018	22	35	0	57
Sep 2018	13	38	1	52
Oct 2018	26	39	6	71
Nov 2018	14	40	1	55
Dec 2018	18	31	1	50
Jan 2019	5	15	1	21
Feb 2019	13	19	1	33
Mar 2019	15	17	0	32
Apr 2019	16	20	0	36
May 2019	13	29	0	42
Jun 2019	22	31	0	53
Jul 2019	11	20	1	32
Aug 2019	11	18	1	30
Sep 2019	5	20	0	25
Oct 2019	16	16	1	33
Nov 2019	13	26	0	39
Dec 2019	7	14	0	21
Jan 2020	13	7	0	20
Feb 2020	16	11	0	27
Mar 2020	12	13	1	26
Apr 2020	9	16	0	25
May 2020	12	17	0	29
Jun 2020	30	9	1	40
Jul 2020	20	14	6	40
Aug 2020	11	12	4	27
Sep 2020	15	14	4	33
Oct 2020	15	12	1	28
Nov 2020	12	9	1	22
Dec 2020	21	8	0	29
Jan 2021	18	15	0	33
Feb 2021	23	13	1	37
Mar 2021	7	12	6	25
Apr 2021	17	17	0	34
May 2021	12	18	1	31
Jun 2021	12	17	0	29
Jul 2021	12	12	0	24
Aug 2021	12	15	0	27
Sep 2021	13	23	1	37
Oct 2021	17	41	0	58
Nov 2021	24	31	2	57
Dec 2021	23	16	2	41
Jan 2022	21	25	2	48
Feb 2022	15	11	1	27
Mar 2022	24	10	0	34
Apr 2022	27	13	2	42
May 2022	22	8	0	30
Jun 2022	18	14	1	33
Jul 2022	11	11	1	23
Aug 2022	15	14	0	29
Sep 2022	10	5	0	15
Oct 2022	18	6	1	25
Nov 2022	24	15	0	39
Dec 2022	16	6	1	23
Jan 2023	24	23	0	47
Feb 2023	34	15	1	50
Mar 2023	49	37	0	86
Apr 2023	25	33	1	59
May 2023	46	19	1	66
Jun 2023	52	18	1	71
Jul 2023	54	16	2	72
Aug 2023	48	12	3	63
Sep 2023	59	14	1	74
Oct 2023	67	11	1	79
Nov 2023	28	15	1	44
Dec 2023	65	21	2	88
Jan 2024	51	21	1	73
Feb 2024	48	16	0	64
Mar 2024	59	31	6	96
Apr 2024	59	10	7	76
May 2024	34	24	0	58
Jun 2024	67	21	22	110
Jul 2024	28	20	3	51
Aug 2024	26	16	4	46
Sep 2024	24	9	0	33
Oct 2024	27	16	0	43
Nov 2024	41	7	2	50
Dec 2024	31	13	4	48
Jan 2025	30	17	2	49
Feb 2025	37	17	0	54
Mar 2025	46	16	0	62
Apr 2025	29	20	1	50
May 2025	41	14	0	55
Jun 2025	57	18	0	75
Jul 2025	48	24	2	74
Aug 2025	50	18	4	72
Sep 2025	64	20	2	86
Oct 2025	43	20	2	65
Nov 2025	60	33	4	97
Dec 2025	72	39	0	111
Jan 2026	100	32	6	138
Feb 2026	78	20	11	109
Mar 2026	61	29	5	95
Apr 2026	21	12	1	34

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 08 Oct 2014)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Oct 2014	223	372	2	597
Nov 2014	31	43	1	75
Dec 2014	35	27	3	65
Jan 2015	53	15	2	70
Feb 2015	61	13	0	74
Mar 2015	209	144	2	355
Apr 2015	88	61	3	152
May 2015	56	81	5	142
Jun 2015	62	74	2	138
Jul 2015	40	64	1	105
Aug 2015	34	70	1	105
Sep 2015	24	65	3	92
Oct 2015	45	54	2	101
Nov 2015	53	59	4	116
Dec 2015	35	55	4	94
Jan 2016	48	62	4	114
Feb 2016	48	102	2	152
Mar 2016	43	101	0	144
Apr 2016	18	74	0	92
May 2016	25	57	0	82
Jun 2016	11	17	0	28
Jul 2016	14	21	2	37
Aug 2016	19	20	0	39
Sep 2016	13	22	0	35
Oct 2016	20	12	0	32
Nov 2016	13	13	0	26
Dec 2016	8	14	0	22
Jan 2017	32	19	0	51
Feb 2017	14	8	0	22
Mar 2017	35	36	1	72
Apr 2017	38	31	0	69
May 2017	35	27	0	62
Jun 2017	40	29	0	69
Jul 2017	28	22	0	50
Aug 2017	14	36	0	50
Sep 2017	16	30	0	46
Oct 2017	21	42	3	66
Nov 2017	22	49	1	72
Dec 2017	11	39	0	50
Jan 2018	7	38	0	45
Feb 2018	18	31	0	49
Mar 2018	15	48	0	63
Apr 2018	14	35	0	49
May 2018	15	32	0	47
Jun 2018	17	58	0	75
Jul 2018	15	32	0	47
Aug 2018	22	35	0	57
Sep 2018	13	38	1	52
Oct 2018	26	39	6	71
Nov 2018	14	40	1	55
Dec 2018	18	31	1	50
Jan 2019	5	15	1	21
Feb 2019	13	19	1	33
Mar 2019	15	17	0	32
Apr 2019	16	20	0	36
May 2019	13	29	0	42
Jun 2019	22	31	0	53
Jul 2019	11	20	1	32
Aug 2019	11	18	1	30
Sep 2019	5	20	0	25
Oct 2019	16	16	1	33
Nov 2019	13	26	0	39
Dec 2019	7	14	0	21
Jan 2020	13	7	0	20
Feb 2020	16	11	0	27
Mar 2020	12	13	1	26
Apr 2020	9	16	0	25
May 2020	12	17	0	29
Jun 2020	30	9	1	40
Jul 2020	20	14	6	40
Aug 2020	11	12	4	27
Sep 2020	15	14	4	33
Oct 2020	15	12	1	28
Nov 2020	12	9	1	22
Dec 2020	21	8	0	29
Jan 2021	18	15	0	33
Feb 2021	23	13	1	37
Mar 2021	7	12	6	25
Apr 2021	17	17	0	34
May 2021	12	18	1	31
Jun 2021	12	17	0	29
Jul 2021	12	12	0	24
Aug 2021	12	15	0	27
Sep 2021	13	23	1	37
Oct 2021	17	41	0	58
Nov 2021	24	31	2	57
Dec 2021	23	16	2	41
Jan 2022	21	25	2	48
Feb 2022	15	11	1	27
Mar 2022	24	10	0	34
Apr 2022	27	13	2	42
May 2022	22	8	0	30
Jun 2022	18	14	1	33
Jul 2022	11	11	1	23
Aug 2022	15	14	0	29
Sep 2022	10	5	0	15
Oct 2022	18	6	1	25
Nov 2022	24	15	0	39
Dec 2022	16	6	1	23
Jan 2023	24	23	0	47
Feb 2023	34	15	1	50
Mar 2023	49	37	0	86
Apr 2023	25	33	1	59
May 2023	46	19	1	66
Jun 2023	52	18	1	71
Jul 2023	54	16	2	72
Aug 2023	48	12	3	63
Sep 2023	59	14	1	74
Oct 2023	67	11	1	79
Nov 2023	28	15	1	44
Dec 2023	65	21	2	88
Jan 2024	51	21	1	73
Feb 2024	48	16	0	64
Mar 2024	59	31	6	96
Apr 2024	59	10	7	76
May 2024	34	24	0	58
Jun 2024	67	21	22	110
Jul 2024	28	20	3	51
Aug 2024	26	16	4	46
Sep 2024	24	9	0	33
Oct 2024	27	16	0	43
Nov 2024	41	7	2	50
Dec 2024	31	13	4	48
Jan 2025	30	17	2	49
Feb 2025	37	17	0	54
Mar 2025	46	16	0	62
Apr 2025	29	20	1	50
May 2025	41	14	0	55
Jun 2025	57	18	0	75
Jul 2025	48	24	2	74
Aug 2025	50	18	4	72
Sep 2025	64	20	2	86
Oct 2025	43	20	2	65
Nov 2025	60	33	4	97
Dec 2025	72	39	0	111
Jan 2026	100	32	6	138
Feb 2026	78	20	11	109
Mar 2026	61	29	5	95
Apr 2026	21	12	1	34

Saved (final revised paper)

Latest update: 24 Apr 2026

Short summary

Model-simulated air quality trends over the past 2 decades largely agree with those derived from observations. In the relative amounts of VOC and NOx emission controls in different regions across the northern hemisphere have led to significantly different trends in tropospheric O3. Differences in the historical changes in the relative amounts of NH3, NOx and SO2 emissions also impact the trends in inorganic particulate matter amounts and composition in China, the U.S. and Europe.