the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Observed changes in the temperature dependence response of surface ozone under NOx reductions
Noelia Otero
Henning W. Rust
Tim Butler
Abstract. Due to the strong temperature dependence of surface ozone concentrations (O3), future warmer conditions may worsen ozone pollution levels despite continued efforts on emission controls of ozone precursors. Using long-term measurements of hourly O3 concentrations co-located with NOx concentrations in stations distributed throughout Germany, we assess changes in the climate penalty, defined as the slope of ozone-temperature relationship during the period 1999–2018. We find a stronger temperature sensitivity in the urban stations over the southwestern regions, especially in the first period of the study (1999–2008).We show a decrease in the climate penalty in most of stations during the second period of the study (2009–2018), with some exceptions (e.g. Berlin) where the climate penalty did not show significant changes. To examine the impacts of NOx reductions on the O3 sensitivity to temperature, we propose a statistical approach based on generalized additive models (GAMs) to describe ozone production rates, inferred from hourly observations, as a function of NOx and temperature, among other variables relevant during the O3 production. We find lower O3 production rates during the second period (2009–2018) at most stations and a decreasing sensitivity to temperature, pointing out that lowering NOx concentrations resulted in decreasing O3 production rates. However, we also observe changes in the shape of the function representing the O3-temperature relationship, which indicate that NOx reductions alone can not explain the changes in the temperature dependence of O3. Our analysis would suggest that decreasing NOx concentrations are not the only factor causing the observed changes in the climate penalty factor.
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Noelia Otero et al.


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RC1: 'review of "Observed changes in the temperature dependence response of surface ozone under NOx reductions"', Anonymous Referee #2, 14 Sep 2020
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RC2: 'Comments on "Observed changes in the temperature dependence response of surface ozone under NOx reductions"', Anonymous Referee #1, 19 Sep 2020
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AC1: 'Response to referee comments', Noelia Otero, 03 Nov 2020
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AC2: 'Revised version of the Supplement Material', Noelia Otero, 03 Nov 2020


-
RC1: 'review of "Observed changes in the temperature dependence response of surface ozone under NOx reductions"', Anonymous Referee #2, 14 Sep 2020
-
RC2: 'Comments on "Observed changes in the temperature dependence response of surface ozone under NOx reductions"', Anonymous Referee #1, 19 Sep 2020
-
AC1: 'Response to referee comments', Noelia Otero, 03 Nov 2020
-
AC2: 'Revised version of the Supplement Material', Noelia Otero, 03 Nov 2020
Noelia Otero et al.
Noelia Otero et al.
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