the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
The trend of the oxidants in boreal forest over 2007–2018: comprehensive modelling study with long-term measurements at SMEAR II, Finland
Abstract. Major atmospheric oxidants (OH, O3 and NO3) dominate the atmospheric oxidation capacity, while H2SO4 is considered as a main driver for new particle formation events. Although numerous studies have investigated the long-term trend of ozone in Europe, the trend of OH, NO3 and H2SO4 at specific sites are to a large extent unknown. In this study, we investigated how the trends in major atmospheric oxidants (OH, O3 and NO3) and H2SO4 changed in southern Finland during the past 12 years and discuss how these trends relate to decreasing emissions of regulated air pollutants in Europe. The one-dimensional model SOSAA has been applied in several studies at the SMEAR II station, and has been validated by measurements in several projects. Here, we ran the SOSAA model for the years 2007–2018 to simulate the atmospheric chemical components, especially the atmospheric oxidants and H2SO4 at SMEAR II. The simulations were evaluated with observations at SMEAR II for several shorter and longer campaigns. Our results show that OH increased by +1.56 (−0.8; +3.17) % yr−1 during daytime and NO3 decreased by −3.92 (−6.49; −1.79) % yr−1 during nighttime, indicating different trends of the oxidants during day and night. Sulphuric acid decreased during daytime by −5.12 (−11.39; −0.52) % yr−1, which correlated with the observed decreasing concentration of newly formed particles in the size range 3–25 nm by 1.4 % yr−1 at SMEAR II during the years 1997–2012 (Nieminen et al., 2014). Additionally we compared our simulated OH, NO3 and H2SO4 concentrations with proxies, which are commonly applied in case limited amount of parameters are measured and no detailed model simulations are available.
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Interactive discussion
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RC1: 'Review', Anonymous Referee #1, 17 Jun 2020
- AC1: 'Response to the comments of both Reviewers', Putian Zhou, 13 Aug 2020
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RC2: 'Review', Anonymous Referee #2, 17 Jun 2020
- AC1: 'Response to the comments of both Reviewers', Putian Zhou, 13 Aug 2020
Interactive discussion
-
RC1: 'Review', Anonymous Referee #1, 17 Jun 2020
- AC1: 'Response to the comments of both Reviewers', Putian Zhou, 13 Aug 2020
-
RC2: 'Review', Anonymous Referee #2, 17 Jun 2020
- AC1: 'Response to the comments of both Reviewers', Putian Zhou, 13 Aug 2020
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Cited
Dean Chen
Putian Zhou
Tuomo Nieminen
Pontus Roldin
Ximeng Qi
Petri Clusius
Carlton Xavier
Lukas Pichelstorfer
Markku Kulmala
Pekka Rantala
Juho Aalto
Nina Sarnela
Pasi Kolari
Petri Keronen
Matti P. Rissanen
Metin Baykara
Michael Boy
This preprint has been withdrawn.
- Preprint
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Supplement
(1179 KB) - BibTeX
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