Articles | Volume 4, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-801-2004
© Author(s) 2004. This work is licensed under
the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-801-2004
© Author(s) 2004. This work is licensed under
the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License.
26 May 2004
The mesospheric metal layer topside: a possible connection to meteoroids
J. Höffner
Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Kühlungsborn, Germany
J. S. Friedman
National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, Arecibo Observatory, Arecibo, Puerto Rico
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Cited
30 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A Numerical Investigation on Tidal and Gravity Wave Contributions to the Summer Time Na Variations in the Midlatitude E Region X. Cai et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023764
- Observation of a thermospheric descending layer of neutral K over Arecibo J. Friedman et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.03.002
- First global observations of the mesospheric potassium layer E. Dawkins et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060801
- First measurement of horizontal wind and temperature in the lower thermosphere (105–140 km) with a Na Lidar at Andes Lidar Observatory A. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068461
- Development of the mesospheric Na layer at 69° N during the Geminids meteor shower 2010 T. Dunker et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-61-2013
- Some ubiquitous features of the mesospheric Fe and Na layer borders from simultaneous and common‐volume Fe and Na lidar observations F. Yi et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012632
- Preliminary lidar observations of Na meteor trails at Wuhan (30.5°N, 114.4°E), China Q. Xie & F. Yi https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-010-3018-6
- Potassium lidar temperatures and densities in the mesopause region at Spitsbergen (78°N) J. Höffner & F. Lübken https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008612
- The Mesosphere and Metals: Chemistry and Changes J. Plane et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500501m
- Measuring FeO variation using astronomical spectroscopic observations S. Unterguggenberger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4177-2017
- Dynamics, chemistry, and modeling studies in the aviation and aerospace transition zone Z. Sheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2025.101012
- A thermospheric Na layer event observed up to 140 km over Syowa Station (69.0°S, 39.6°E) in Antarctica T. Tsuda et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064101
- Ice iron/sodium film as cause for high noctilucent cloud radar reflectivity P. Bellan https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009927
- Diurnal variation of atmospheric metal Na layer and nighttime top extension detected by a Na lidar with narrowband spectral filters at Beijing, China Y. Xia et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107256
- High-altitude sporadic metal atom layers observed with Na and Fe lidars at 30°N Z. Ma & F. Yi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2010.01.005
- Observations of Metallic Layers in the Earth’s Upper Atmosphere Based on Resonance-Scattering Lidars T. TSUDA et al. https://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.48.11_580
- Heavy Molecular and Metallic Ions in the Magnetosphere M. Yamauchi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-024-01114-w
- The near‐global mesospheric potassium layer: Observations and modeling E. Dawkins et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023212
- Characteristics of convective structures of sodium layer in lower thermosphere (105–120 km) at Haikou (19.99°N, 110.34°E), China J. Jiao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2017.07.020
- Double sodium layers observation over Beijing, China J. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052134
- First simultaneous measurements of Na and K thermospheric layers along with TILs from Arecibo S. Raizada et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL066714
- Dynamic Drivers of TIFe Diurnal Cycle in Antarctica Z. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023704002
- First report of sporadic Na layers at Qingdao (36° N, 120° E), China Z. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-739-2014
- Updated Climatology of Mesospheric Temperature Inversions Detected by Rayleigh Lidar above Observatoire de Haute Provence, France, Using a K-Mean Clustering Technique M. Ardalan et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050814
- Comparison of sporadic sodium layer characteristics observed at different time resolutions Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1899-2013
- Observed diurnal and seasonal behavior of the micrometeor flux using the Arecibo and Jicamarca radars D. Janches & J. Chau https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2005.06.011
- A review of latitudinal characteristics of sporadic sodium layers, including new results from the Chinese Meridian Project S. Qiu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.07.004
- Determination of meteor-head echo trajectories using the interferometric capabilities of MAARSY C. Schult et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1843-2013
- On the detection of mesospheric meteoric smoke particles embedded in noctilucent cloud particles with rocket-borne dust probes T. Antonsen & O. Havnes https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4914394
- The mesospheric metal layer topside: Examples of simultaneous metal observations J. Höffner & J. Friedman https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2005.06.010
30 citations as recorded by crossref.
- A Numerical Investigation on Tidal and Gravity Wave Contributions to the Summer Time Na Variations in the Midlatitude E Region X. Cai et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023764
- Observation of a thermospheric descending layer of neutral K over Arecibo J. Friedman et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.03.002
- First global observations of the mesospheric potassium layer E. Dawkins et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL060801
- First measurement of horizontal wind and temperature in the lower thermosphere (105–140 km) with a Na Lidar at Andes Lidar Observatory A. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068461
- Development of the mesospheric Na layer at 69° N during the Geminids meteor shower 2010 T. Dunker et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-61-2013
- Some ubiquitous features of the mesospheric Fe and Na layer borders from simultaneous and common‐volume Fe and Na lidar observations F. Yi et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012632
- Preliminary lidar observations of Na meteor trails at Wuhan (30.5°N, 114.4°E), China Q. Xie & F. Yi https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-010-3018-6
- Potassium lidar temperatures and densities in the mesopause region at Spitsbergen (78°N) J. Höffner & F. Lübken https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008612
- The Mesosphere and Metals: Chemistry and Changes J. Plane et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500501m
- Measuring FeO variation using astronomical spectroscopic observations S. Unterguggenberger et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4177-2017
- Dynamics, chemistry, and modeling studies in the aviation and aerospace transition zone Z. Sheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2025.101012
- A thermospheric Na layer event observed up to 140 km over Syowa Station (69.0°S, 39.6°E) in Antarctica T. Tsuda et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL064101
- Ice iron/sodium film as cause for high noctilucent cloud radar reflectivity P. Bellan https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD009927
- Diurnal variation of atmospheric metal Na layer and nighttime top extension detected by a Na lidar with narrowband spectral filters at Beijing, China Y. Xia et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107256
- High-altitude sporadic metal atom layers observed with Na and Fe lidars at 30°N Z. Ma & F. Yi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2010.01.005
- Observations of Metallic Layers in the Earth’s Upper Atmosphere Based on Resonance-Scattering Lidars T. TSUDA et al. https://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.48.11_580
- Heavy Molecular and Metallic Ions in the Magnetosphere M. Yamauchi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-024-01114-w
- The near‐global mesospheric potassium layer: Observations and modeling E. Dawkins et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023212
- Characteristics of convective structures of sodium layer in lower thermosphere (105–120 km) at Haikou (19.99°N, 110.34°E), China J. Jiao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2017.07.020
- Double sodium layers observation over Beijing, China J. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL052134
- First simultaneous measurements of Na and K thermospheric layers along with TILs from Arecibo S. Raizada et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL066714
- Dynamic Drivers of TIFe Diurnal Cycle in Antarctica Z. Yu et al. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023704002
- First report of sporadic Na layers at Qingdao (36° N, 120° E), China Z. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-739-2014
- Updated Climatology of Mesospheric Temperature Inversions Detected by Rayleigh Lidar above Observatoire de Haute Provence, France, Using a K-Mean Clustering Technique M. Ardalan et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13050814
- Comparison of sporadic sodium layer characteristics observed at different time resolutions Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1899-2013
- Observed diurnal and seasonal behavior of the micrometeor flux using the Arecibo and Jicamarca radars D. Janches & J. Chau https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2005.06.011
- A review of latitudinal characteristics of sporadic sodium layers, including new results from the Chinese Meridian Project S. Qiu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.07.004
- Determination of meteor-head echo trajectories using the interferometric capabilities of MAARSY C. Schult et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1843-2013
- On the detection of mesospheric meteoric smoke particles embedded in noctilucent cloud particles with rocket-borne dust probes T. Antonsen & O. Havnes https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4914394
- The mesospheric metal layer topside: Examples of simultaneous metal observations J. Höffner & J. Friedman https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2005.06.010
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