Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE): Review of observations and current understanding

Rapp, M.; Lübken, F.-J.

doi:10.5194/acp-4-2601-2004

Articles | Volume 4, issue 11/12

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2601-2004

© Author(s) 2004. This work is licensed under
the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-2601-2004

© Author(s) 2004. This work is licensed under
the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License.

Articles | Volume 4, issue 11/12

21 Dec 2004

| 21 Dec 2004

Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE): Review of observations and current understanding

M. Rapp and F.-J. Lübken

Viewed

Total article views: 11,360 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

HTML	PDF	XML	Total	BibTeX	EndNote
5,249	5,944	167	11,360	221	190

HTML: 5,249
PDF: 5,944
XML: 167
Total: 11,360
BibTeX: 221
EndNote: 190

Views and downloads (calculated since 01 Feb 2013, article published on 24 Aug 2004)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2013	28	29	8	65
Mar 2013	14	23	1	38
Apr 2013	19	994	0	1,013
May 2013	14	1,254	0	1,268
Jun 2013	24	53	0	77
Jul 2013	20	19	0	39
Aug 2013	19	8	1	28
Sep 2013	17	22	0	39
Oct 2013	47	43	2	92
Nov 2013	21	27	0	48
Dec 2013	13	23	0	36
Jan 2014	20	26	1	47
Feb 2014	29	31	5	65
Mar 2014	40	32	1	73
Apr 2014	30	40	0	70
May 2014	14	30	1	45
Jun 2014	15	22	0	37
Jul 2014	26	25	0	51
Aug 2014	21	26	3	50
Sep 2014	8	22	0	30
Oct 2014	10	29	0	39
Nov 2014	8	27	0	35
Dec 2014	9	31	0	40
Jan 2015	9	17	0	26
Feb 2015	12	23	0	35
Mar 2015	8	18	1	27
Apr 2015	11	7	0	18
May 2015	63	192	0	255
Jun 2015	46	42	2	90
Jul 2015	42	24	1	67
Aug 2015	15	20	1	36
Sep 2015	19	10	1	30
Oct 2015	33	12	0	45
Nov 2015	40	18	5	63
Dec 2015	16	11	4	31
Jan 2016	37	16	2	55
Feb 2016	25	11	1	37
Mar 2016	23	14	0	37
Apr 2016	16	9	0	25
May 2016	42	18	1	61
Jun 2016	18	20	1	39
Jul 2016	21	12	3	36
Aug 2016	12	4	0	16
Sep 2016	24	5	1	30
Oct 2016	25	5	0	30
Nov 2016	21	6	0	27
Dec 2016	26	15	0	41
Jan 2017	48	19	0	67
Feb 2017	25	10	1	36
Mar 2017	51	36	1	88
Apr 2017	37	31	0	68
May 2017	53	60	0	113
Jun 2017	58	25	0	83
Jul 2017	52	31	0	83
Aug 2017	17	23	0	40
Sep 2017	19	34	0	53
Oct 2017	22	34	0	56
Nov 2017	28	41	0	69
Dec 2017	28	45	0	73
Jan 2018	30	43	0	73
Feb 2018	20	25	0	45
Mar 2018	28	44	0	72
Apr 2018	32	47	0	79
May 2018	34	69	1	104
Jun 2018	39	62	0	101
Jul 2018	35	37	0	72
Aug 2018	32	26	0	58
Sep 2018	44	41	1	86
Oct 2018	58	37	1	96
Nov 2018	75	56	2	133
Dec 2018	62	48	0	110
Jan 2019	49	44	1	94
Feb 2019	28	31	0	59
Mar 2019	36	20	0	56
Apr 2019	52	28	0	80
May 2019	50	34	1	85
Jun 2019	32	18	0	50
Jul 2019	74	30	0	104
Aug 2019	54	31	0	85
Sep 2019	44	18	0	62
Oct 2019	43	13	2	58
Nov 2019	34	12	0	46
Dec 2019	29	4	1	34
Jan 2020	30	9	0	39
Feb 2020	26	6	0	32
Mar 2020	29	10	0	39
Apr 2020	29	16	0	45
May 2020	24	5	0	29
Jun 2020	28	7	0	35
Jul 2020	31	6	4	41
Aug 2020	22	6	4	32
Sep 2020	33	11	2	46
Oct 2020	23	13	1	37
Nov 2020	32	11	0	43
Dec 2020	27	7	0	34
Jan 2021	37	12	0	49
Feb 2021	40	12	0	52
Mar 2021	42	15	0	57
Apr 2021	41	8	0	49
May 2021	48	13	1	62
Jun 2021	45	10	0	55
Jul 2021	44	18	0	62
Aug 2021	42	14	0	56
Sep 2021	45	18	0	63
Oct 2021	47	44	0	91
Nov 2021	39	21	0	60
Dec 2021	35	13	0	48
Jan 2022	47	24	0	71
Feb 2022	40	16	4	60
Mar 2022	39	13	0	52
Apr 2022	42	16	1	59
May 2022	55	12	1	68
Jun 2022	53	14	3	70
Jul 2022	50	11	0	61
Aug 2022	50	8	3	61
Sep 2022	32	13	0	45
Oct 2022	48	10	1	59
Nov 2022	49	11	1	61
Dec 2022	43	18	3	64
Jan 2023	42	24	1	67
Feb 2023	28	20	1	49
Mar 2023	41	42	2	85
Apr 2023	11	21	0	32
May 2023	28	21	1	50
Jun 2023	44	21	1	66
Jul 2023	48	22	1	71
Aug 2023	49	19	3	71
Sep 2023	47	9	1	57
Oct 2023	55	17	2	74
Nov 2023	31	14	0	45
Dec 2023	61	14	3	78
Jan 2024	63	31	1	95
Feb 2024	54	30	10	94
Mar 2024	43	18	2	63
Apr 2024	44	17	2	63
May 2024	22	22	3	47
Jun 2024	38	31	2	71
Jul 2024	21	30	1	52
Aug 2024	36	24	3	63
Sep 2024	22	27	1	50
Oct 2024	29	42	4	75
Nov 2024	20	34	2	56
Dec 2024	26	26	2	54
Jan 2025	31	59	2	92
Feb 2025	54	25	5	84
Mar 2025	25	20	3	48
Apr 2025	32	26	0	58
May 2025	44	35	2	81
Jun 2025	66	27	2	95
Jul 2025	39	18	2	59
Aug 2025	34	23	1	58
Sep 2025	31	32	5	68
Oct 2025	43	42	2	87
Nov 2025	38	18	6	62

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 01 Feb 2013, article published on 24 Aug 2004)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Feb 2013	28	29	8	65
Mar 2013	14	23	1	38
Apr 2013	19	994	0	1,013
May 2013	14	1,254	0	1,268
Jun 2013	24	53	0	77
Jul 2013	20	19	0	39
Aug 2013	19	8	1	28
Sep 2013	17	22	0	39
Oct 2013	47	43	2	92
Nov 2013	21	27	0	48
Dec 2013	13	23	0	36
Jan 2014	20	26	1	47
Feb 2014	29	31	5	65
Mar 2014	40	32	1	73
Apr 2014	30	40	0	70
May 2014	14	30	1	45
Jun 2014	15	22	0	37
Jul 2014	26	25	0	51
Aug 2014	21	26	3	50
Sep 2014	8	22	0	30
Oct 2014	10	29	0	39
Nov 2014	8	27	0	35
Dec 2014	9	31	0	40
Jan 2015	9	17	0	26
Feb 2015	12	23	0	35
Mar 2015	8	18	1	27
Apr 2015	11	7	0	18
May 2015	63	192	0	255
Jun 2015	46	42	2	90
Jul 2015	42	24	1	67
Aug 2015	15	20	1	36
Sep 2015	19	10	1	30
Oct 2015	33	12	0	45
Nov 2015	40	18	5	63
Dec 2015	16	11	4	31
Jan 2016	37	16	2	55
Feb 2016	25	11	1	37
Mar 2016	23	14	0	37
Apr 2016	16	9	0	25
May 2016	42	18	1	61
Jun 2016	18	20	1	39
Jul 2016	21	12	3	36
Aug 2016	12	4	0	16
Sep 2016	24	5	1	30
Oct 2016	25	5	0	30
Nov 2016	21	6	0	27
Dec 2016	26	15	0	41
Jan 2017	48	19	0	67
Feb 2017	25	10	1	36
Mar 2017	51	36	1	88
Apr 2017	37	31	0	68
May 2017	53	60	0	113
Jun 2017	58	25	0	83
Jul 2017	52	31	0	83
Aug 2017	17	23	0	40
Sep 2017	19	34	0	53
Oct 2017	22	34	0	56
Nov 2017	28	41	0	69
Dec 2017	28	45	0	73
Jan 2018	30	43	0	73
Feb 2018	20	25	0	45
Mar 2018	28	44	0	72
Apr 2018	32	47	0	79
May 2018	34	69	1	104
Jun 2018	39	62	0	101
Jul 2018	35	37	0	72
Aug 2018	32	26	0	58
Sep 2018	44	41	1	86
Oct 2018	58	37	1	96
Nov 2018	75	56	2	133
Dec 2018	62	48	0	110
Jan 2019	49	44	1	94
Feb 2019	28	31	0	59
Mar 2019	36	20	0	56
Apr 2019	52	28	0	80
May 2019	50	34	1	85
Jun 2019	32	18	0	50
Jul 2019	74	30	0	104
Aug 2019	54	31	0	85
Sep 2019	44	18	0	62
Oct 2019	43	13	2	58
Nov 2019	34	12	0	46
Dec 2019	29	4	1	34
Jan 2020	30	9	0	39
Feb 2020	26	6	0	32
Mar 2020	29	10	0	39
Apr 2020	29	16	0	45
May 2020	24	5	0	29
Jun 2020	28	7	0	35
Jul 2020	31	6	4	41
Aug 2020	22	6	4	32
Sep 2020	33	11	2	46
Oct 2020	23	13	1	37
Nov 2020	32	11	0	43
Dec 2020	27	7	0	34
Jan 2021	37	12	0	49
Feb 2021	40	12	0	52
Mar 2021	42	15	0	57
Apr 2021	41	8	0	49
May 2021	48	13	1	62
Jun 2021	45	10	0	55
Jul 2021	44	18	0	62
Aug 2021	42	14	0	56
Sep 2021	45	18	0	63
Oct 2021	47	44	0	91
Nov 2021	39	21	0	60
Dec 2021	35	13	0	48
Jan 2022	47	24	0	71
Feb 2022	40	16	4	60
Mar 2022	39	13	0	52
Apr 2022	42	16	1	59
May 2022	55	12	1	68
Jun 2022	53	14	3	70
Jul 2022	50	11	0	61
Aug 2022	50	8	3	61
Sep 2022	32	13	0	45
Oct 2022	48	10	1	59
Nov 2022	49	11	1	61
Dec 2022	43	18	3	64
Jan 2023	42	24	1	67
Feb 2023	28	20	1	49
Mar 2023	41	42	2	85
Apr 2023	11	21	0	32
May 2023	28	21	1	50
Jun 2023	44	21	1	66
Jul 2023	48	22	1	71
Aug 2023	49	19	3	71
Sep 2023	47	9	1	57
Oct 2023	55	17	2	74
Nov 2023	31	14	0	45
Dec 2023	61	14	3	78
Jan 2024	63	31	1	95
Feb 2024	54	30	10	94
Mar 2024	43	18	2	63
Apr 2024	44	17	2	63
May 2024	22	22	3	47
Jun 2024	38	31	2	71
Jul 2024	21	30	1	52
Aug 2024	36	24	3	63
Sep 2024	22	27	1	50
Oct 2024	29	42	4	75
Nov 2024	20	34	2	56
Dec 2024	26	26	2	54
Jan 2025	31	59	2	92
Feb 2025	54	25	5	84
Mar 2025	25	20	3	48
Apr 2025	32	26	0	58
May 2025	44	35	2	81
Jun 2025	66	27	2	95
Jul 2025	39	18	2	59
Aug 2025	34	23	1	58
Sep 2025	31	32	5	68
Oct 2025	43	42	2	87
Nov 2025	38	18	6	62

Latest update: 23 Nov 2025