Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 26, issue 10
Articles | Volume 26, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6909-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6909-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 26, issue 10
Research article
 | 
21 May 2026
Research article |  | 21 May 2026

From cylinder to city: how recondensation-induced nucleation in vehicle exhaust shapes urban aerosol number

Jen-Ping Chen, I-Chun Tsai, Li-Wei Kuo, and Gong-Do Hwang

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Short summary
This study identifies a previously unrepresented process, Recondensation-Induced Nucleation (RIN), linking combustion microphysics to ambient ultrafine particle formation. Laboratory engine experiments, parcel modeling, and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) simulations show that including RIN can significantly reduce number concentration underestimation from 75 % to 22 % while maintaining PM2.5 accuracy, providing a mechanistic basis for improving urban aerosol modeling.
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