This manuscript by Yiting Wang et al. present a solid and well-documented investigation into the decadal variability of springtime dust emissions across East Asia and North America, emphasizing the role of extratropical cyclone regimes. The authors combine multi-source observations and modeling to bridge the gap between regional and synoptic-scale processes. The topic is timely and of high relevance to the atmospheric and climate research community. I believe it is well-suited for publication in ACP, pending clarification and some revisions on several methodological and interpretative aspects for potential improvements.

General comments

1. In the data validation section, only the trend consistency between the simulation results and the observed data is compared, and no quantitative validation indicators (such as correlation coefficient, root mean square error, etc.) are provided. Supplementing these quantitative indicators can more intuitively reflect the simulation accuracy of the model
2. The authors attribute the May dust emission increase to longer-lasting strong winds, but the respective contributions of cyclone-induced and non-cyclone winds are not quantitatively separated. A more explicit comparison between Figures 7 and 9 could clarify how much of the wind-driven dust increase is attributable to cyclone activity.
3. Through sensitivity experiments and LAI trend analysis, this study demonstrates that "the interdecadal changes in vegetation cover contribute minimally to dust emission," and the conclusion is reliable. However, it is important to note that this conclusion only focuses on "the contribution of vegetation changes." In contrast, the background sand-fixing effect of vegetation itself (such as the continuous inhibitory effect of stable vegetation cover on dust) falls under the category of "absolute contribution," which has not been directly quantified by the current experimental design. It is recommended to supplement someexplanations in the discussion section
4. The study clearly identifies the significant impact of extratropical cyclones on near-surface strong winds but fails to elaborate on how cyclone regime shifts specifically regulate the frequency and duration of local strong winds. It is recommended to supplement the analysis of correlations between key cyclone parameters (e.g., central pressure gradient, vorticity distribution, and interaction between influence range and local topography) and near-surface wind fields to enhance the physical logic coherence of cyclone changes, strong wind variations, and dust emission changes.

Please see the attached pdf.