Articles | Volume 26, issue 17
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-12243-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-12243-2026
Measurement report
 | 
31 Aug 2026
Measurement report |  | 31 Aug 2026

Measurement report: Quantifying the trade-off between station number and spatial layout in sparse GNSS networks for calibrating all-weather FY-4A precipitable water vapor

Yongchao Ma, Zhengsheng Chen, Tong Liu, Zhibin Yu, and Zhihao Wang

Cited articles

Bai, J., Lou, Y., Zhang, W., Zhou, Y., Zhang, Z., and Shi, C.: Assessment and calibration of MODIS precipitable water vapor products based on GPS network over China, Atmos. Res., 254, 105504, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105504, 2021. 
Chen, B. and Liu, Z.: Assessing the performance of troposphere tomographic modeling using multi-source water vapor data during Hong Kong's rainy season from May to October 2013, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 5249–5263, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-5249-2016, 2016. 
Du, Z., Zhang, B., Yao, Y., Zhao, Q., and Zhang, L.: Integrating near-infrared, thermal infrared, and microwave satellite observations to retrieve high-resolution precipitable water vapor, Remote Sens. Environ., 318, 114611, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.114611, 2025. 
Durre, I., Vose, R. S., and Wuertz, D. B.: Overview of the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive, J. Climate, 19, 53–68, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI3594.1, 2006. 
He, J. and Liu, Z.: Refining MODIS NIR atmospheric water vapor retrieval algorithm using GPS-derived water vapor data, IEEE T. Geosci. Remote, 59, 3682–3694, https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2020.3016655, 2020. 
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Short summary
Current satellite water vapor fusion and calibration methodologies predominantly rely on high-density ground-based station networks, rendering them unsuitable for sparsely monitored regions. This study pioneers the investigation of response relationships between station distribution patterns and satellite water vapor calibration, offering crucial insights for reference station selection in water vapor fusion within sparse monitoring areas.
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