Articles | Volume 25, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9497-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9497-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Changes in the impacts of ship emissions on PM2.5 and its components in China under the staged fuel oil policies
Guangyuan Yu
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center (SEMC), Shanghai 200235, China
Yan Zhang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
Shanghai Institute of Eco Chongming (SIEC), Shanghai 200062, China
MOE laboratory for National Development and Intelligent Governance, Shanghai institute for energy and carbon neutrality strategy, IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
Qian Wang
Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center (SEMC), Shanghai 200235, China
Zimin Han
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
Shenglan Jiang
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP³), National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
Fan Yang
Pudong New Area Environmental Monitoring Station, Shanghai 200135, China
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement and Early Warning Technology for Urban Environmental Health Risks, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center (SEMC), Shanghai 200235, China
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Cited
10 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Evaluating the impact of emission control areas on fine particulate pollution in Incheon Port J. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.1108/MABR-06-2025-0049
- Port environmental health Risks: Insights from the Tarragona Port-Industrial complex and planning implications J. Domingo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2026.105541
- Quantifying the environmental and health benefits of ship emission control policies in Guangdong of China Z. Cheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128420
- Surface monitoring underestimates air-pollution burden of a major Global South port J. dos Santos-Silva et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44458-026-00090-2
- Nonlinear environmental effect thresholds of port activity intensity under structural heterogeneity: Evidence from Chinese port cities W. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2026.107456
- Onshore winds amplify shipping PM2.5 exposure in a coastal megaport city: Insights from source apportionment and machine learning L. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141752
- From Low-Energy Methanol to Gasoline-Level Fuel: Adamantane-Enhanced Gel Fuels with Shear-Thinning Pumpability F. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c00513
- Real-world emission factors and inhalation health risks of PM-bound metals from workboats using ultra-low sulfur marine fuel P. Chien et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128453
- Environmental and Public Health Impacts of Shipping Emissions Following the IMO 2020 Sulfur Cap: A Systematic Literature Review T. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17080715
- Real-world onboard evaluation of exhaust aftertreatment effects on particle-bound persistent free radicals and reactive oxygen species generation potential from inland vessels Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128454
10 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Evaluating the impact of emission control areas on fine particulate pollution in Incheon Port J. Lee et al. https://doi.org/10.1108/MABR-06-2025-0049
- Port environmental health Risks: Insights from the Tarragona Port-Industrial complex and planning implications J. Domingo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2026.105541
- Quantifying the environmental and health benefits of ship emission control policies in Guangdong of China Z. Cheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128420
- Surface monitoring underestimates air-pollution burden of a major Global South port J. dos Santos-Silva et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44458-026-00090-2
- Nonlinear environmental effect thresholds of port activity intensity under structural heterogeneity: Evidence from Chinese port cities W. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2026.107456
- Onshore winds amplify shipping PM2.5 exposure in a coastal megaport city: Insights from source apportionment and machine learning L. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2026.141752
- From Low-Energy Methanol to Gasoline-Level Fuel: Adamantane-Enhanced Gel Fuels with Shear-Thinning Pumpability F. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6c00513
- Real-world emission factors and inhalation health risks of PM-bound metals from workboats using ultra-low sulfur marine fuel P. Chien et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128453
- Environmental and Public Health Impacts of Shipping Emissions Following the IMO 2020 Sulfur Cap: A Systematic Literature Review T. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17080715
- Real-world onboard evaluation of exhaust aftertreatment effects on particle-bound persistent free radicals and reactive oxygen species generation potential from inland vessels Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.128454
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 10 Aug 2026
Short summary
China has carried out staged low-sulfur fuel policies since 2017. This study simulated the changing spatiotemporal patterns of the impacts of ship emissions on PM2.5 from 2017 to 2021 based on the updated emission inventories and mapping of chemical species in the CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality). Fuel policies caused evident relative changes in inorganic and organic components of the shipping-related PM2.5 over China’s port cities. The driving factors of the interannual, seasonal, and diurnal patterns were discussed.
China has carried out staged low-sulfur fuel policies since 2017. This study simulated the...
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