Enrichment of organic nitrogen in fog residuals observed in the Italian Po Valley

Mattsson, Fredrik; Neuberger, Almuth; Heikkinen, Liine; Gramlich, Yvette; Paglione, Marco; Rinaldi, Matteo; Decesari, Stefano; Zieger, Paul; Riipinen, Ilona; Mohr, Claudia

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7973-2025

Articles | Volume 25, issue 14

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7973-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7973-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 25, issue 14

Research article

|

28 Jul 2025

Research article |

| 28 Jul 2025

Enrichment of organic nitrogen in fog residuals observed in the Italian Po Valley

Fredrik Mattsson, Almuth Neuberger, Liine Heikkinen, Yvette Gramlich, Marco Paglione, Matteo Rinaldi, Stefano Decesari, Paul Zieger, Ilona Riipinen, and Claudia Mohr

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-7973-2025-supplement

Data sets

The fog and aerosol interaction research Italy (FAIRARI) campaign, November 2021 to May 2022 Almuth Neuberger et al. https://doi.org/10.17043/fairari-2021-2022-1

Model code and software

ToF-AMS Data Analysis Software Donna Sueper http://cires1.colorado.edu/jimenez-group/wiki/index.php/ToF-AMS_Analysis_Software

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Short summary

This study investigated aerosol–cloud interactions, focusing on organic nitrogen (ON) formation in the aqueous phase. Measurements were conducted in wintertime in the Po Valley, Italy, using aerosol mass spectrometry. The fog was enriched in more hygroscopic inorganic compounds and ON, containing, e.g., imidazoles. The formation of imidazole by aerosol–fog interactions could be confirmed for the first time in atmospheric observations. Findings highlight the role of fog in nitrogen aerosol formation.