Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 25, issue 13
Articles | Volume 25, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6757-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6757-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 25, issue 13
Research article
 | 
07 Jul 2025
Research article |  | 07 Jul 2025

Multi-observational estimation of regional and sectoral emission contributions to the persistent high growth rate of atmospheric CH4 for 2020–2022

Yosuke Niwa, Yasunori Tohjima, Yukio Terao, Tazu Saeki, Akihiko Ito, Taku Umezawa, Kyohei Yamada, Motoki Sasakawa, Toshinobu Machida, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Hideki Nara, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Hitoshi Mukai, Yukio Yoshida, Shinji Morimoto, Shinya Takatsuji, Kazuhiro Tsuboi, Yousuke Sawa, Hidekazu Matsueda, Kentaro Ishijima, Ryo Fujita, Daisuke Goto, Xin Lan, Kenneth Schuldt, Michal Heliasz, Tobias Biermann, Lukasz Chmura, Jarsolaw Necki, Irène Xueref-Remy, and Damiano Sferlazzo

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-6757-2025-supplement

Data sets

CH4 Aircraft Vertical Profiles Measurements at Four Amazonian Sites Between 2010 and 2018 Luciana V. Gatti et al. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934596

University of Leicester GOSAT Proxy XCH4 v9.0. R. Parker and H. Boesch https://doi.org/10.5285/18ef8247f52a4cb6a14013f8235cc1eb

Multi-laboratory compilation of atmospheric methane data for the period 1983-2022, obspack_ch4_1_GLOBALVIEWplus_v6.0_2023-12-01 K. N. Schuldt et al. https://doi.org/10.25925/20231001

Multi-laboratory compilation of atmospheric methane data for the period 2023, obspack_ch4_1_NRT_v6.0_2023-11-30 K. N. Schuldt et al. https://doi.org/10.25925/20230613

European Obspack compilation of atmospheric methane data from ICOS and non-ICOS European stations for the period 1984-2023, obspack_ch4_466_GVeu_20230913 ICOS RI et al. https://doi.org/10.18160/9CQ4-W69K

Continuous observational data of atmospheric CH4 mixing ratios at Cape Ochi-ishi, Ver. 1.2 Y. Tohjima et al. https://doi.org/10.17595/20160901.004

Continuous observational data of atmospheric CH4 mixing ratios on Hateruma Island, Ver. 1.5 Y. Tohjima et al. https://doi.org/10.17595/20160901.003

tmospheric Methane Dry Air Mole Fraction at Comilla, Bangladesh, ver.2022.0 Y. Terao et al. https://doi.org/10.17595/20220301.004

Atmospheric Methane Dry Air Mole Fraction at Nainital, India, ver.2022.0 Y. Terao et al. https://doi.org/10.17595/20220301.003

Atmospheric carbon dioxide monitoring using volunteer observing ship (TRANS HARMONY 1) servicing between Japan and Southeast Asia route, ver.1.0 S. I. Nakaoka et al. https://doi.org/10.17595/20230425.001

Atmospheric trace gas data from the CONTRAIL flask air sampling, ver.2024.1.0 T. Machida et al. https://doi.org/10.17595/20230725.001

Semi-continuous observational data for atmospheric CO2 and CH4 mixing ratios at Azovo, ver.1.0 M. Sasakawa et al. https://doi.org/10.17595/20231117.007

Semi-continuous observational data for atmospheric CO2 and CH4 mixing ratios at Berezorechka, ver.1.0 M. Sasakawa et al. https://doi.org/10.17595/20231117.001

Semi-continuous observational data for atmospheric CO2 and CH4 mixing ratios at Demyanskoe, ver.1.0 M. Sasakawa et al. https://doi.org/10.17595/20231117.005

Semi-continuous observational data for atmospheric CO2 and CH4 mixing ratios at Karasevoe, ver.1.0 M. Sasakawa et al. https://doi.org/10.17595/20231117.002

Semi-continuous observational data for atmospheric CO2 and CH4 mixing ratios at Noyabrsk, ver.1.0 M. Sasakawa et al. https://doi.org/10.17595/20231117.004

Semi-continuous observational data for atmospheric CO2 and CH4 mixing ratios at Vaganovo, ver.1.0 M. Sasakawa et al. https://doi.org/10.17595/20231117.008

Atmospheric CH4 and N2O data from the flask air sampling over Novosibirsk, ver.1.0, M. Sasakawa et al. https://doi.org/10.17595/20240216.001

Atmospheric CH4 and N2O data from the flask air sampling over Surgut, ver.1.0 M. Sasakawa et al. https://doi.org/10.17595/20240116.001

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Short summary
This study estimated regional and sectoral emission contributions to the unprecedented surge of atmospheric methane for 2020–2022. The methane is the second most important greenhouse gas, and its emissions reduction is urgently required to mitigate global warming. Numerical modeling-based estimates with three different sets of atmospheric observations consistently suggested large contributions of biogenic emissions from South Asia and Southeast Asia to the surge of atmospheric methane.
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