Articles | Volume 25, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3131-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-3131-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Wind-driven emission of marine ice-nucleating particles in the Scripps Ocean-Atmosphere Research Simulator (SOARS)
Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
now at: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
Thomas C. J. Hill
Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Chamika K. Madawala
Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Raymond J. Leibensperger III
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Samantha Greeney
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
now at: Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Christopher D. Cappa
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
M. Dale Stokes
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Grant B. Deane
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Christopher Lee
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Alexei V. Tivanski
Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
Kimberly A. Prather
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Paul J. DeMott
Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Total article views: 2,847 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
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Total article views: 3,945 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
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Cited
8 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Long-term measurements of ice nucleating particles at Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites worldwide J. Creamean et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6943-2025
- Evaluation of a portable Spider-MAGIC and OPS for unified size distribution measurements J. Hamlin et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2026.2724025
- Sea Spray Aerosol Generation Techniques and Their Influence on Heterogeneous Chemistry X. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41810-026-00396-7
- Ice nucleating activity of coastal seawater from the entrance to the Baltic Sea E. Kjærgaard et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EA00031A
- Effects of Wind Speed on Water Uptake, Phase State, and Viscosity of Sea Spray Aerosols C. Madawala et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00215
- Wind-Driven Influence on Submicron Sea Spray Aerosol Chemical Mixing State K. Kimble et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.5c00339
- Polar primary aerosols across the ocean-sea ice-snow-atmosphere interface: From sources to impacts J. Creamean et al. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2025.00065
- Sea surface warming suppresses primary sea spray aerosol number production R. Leibensperger III et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-12211-2026
8 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Long-term measurements of ice nucleating particles at Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites worldwide J. Creamean et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-6943-2025
- Evaluation of a portable Spider-MAGIC and OPS for unified size distribution measurements J. Hamlin et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2026.2724025
- Sea Spray Aerosol Generation Techniques and Their Influence on Heterogeneous Chemistry X. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41810-026-00396-7
- Ice nucleating activity of coastal seawater from the entrance to the Baltic Sea E. Kjærgaard et al. https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EA00031A
- Effects of Wind Speed on Water Uptake, Phase State, and Viscosity of Sea Spray Aerosols C. Madawala et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00215
- Wind-Driven Influence on Submicron Sea Spray Aerosol Chemical Mixing State K. Kimble et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestair.5c00339
- Polar primary aerosols across the ocean-sea ice-snow-atmosphere interface: From sources to impacts J. Creamean et al. https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2025.00065
- Sea surface warming suppresses primary sea spray aerosol number production R. Leibensperger III et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-12211-2026
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 22 Sep 2026
Short summary
This article presents results from the first study in a new wind–wave channel at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The experiment tested how wind over the ocean surface influences production of sea spray particles, which are important for radiative forcing and cloud formation in the atmosphere. We found that particle concentration and chemical composition varied with wind speed and that variations were driven by changes in wind and wave breaking rather than seawater biology or chemistry.
This article presents results from the first study in a new wind–wave channel at the Scripps...
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