Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 25, issue 24
Articles | Volume 25, issue 24
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-18449-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-18449-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 25, issue 24
Research article
 | Highlight paper
 | 
18 Dec 2025
Research article | Highlight paper |  | 18 Dec 2025

Injection near the stratopause mitigates the stratospheric side effects of sulfur-based climate intervention

Pengfei Yu, Yifeng Peng, Karen H. Rosenlof, Ru-Shan Gao, Robert W. Portmann, Martin Ross, Eric Ray, Jianchun Bian, Simone Tilmes, and Owen B. Toon

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Latest update: 19 Sep 2026
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Editorial statement
The present work highlights advantages of a stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) scheme for solar radiation management (SRM) as a geoengineering technology. It suggests higher altitude aerosol injection would reduce several of the side effects of SAI in the lower stratosphere. Given the substantial debate on scientific, ethical and societal aspects of SRM and SAI are a highly relevant topic.
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Short summary
Injecting sulfur dioxide at 50 km – near the stratopause – offers a far safer and more effective climate intervention than conventional 25 km injection. Rapid downward–poleward transport distributes aerosols across 20–30 km, halving tropical stratospheric warming, reducing ozone recovery delays from decades to about 5 years, and enhancing global and polar cooling by over 20 %, while better preserving Arctic sea ice.
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