Vertically resolved formation mechanisms of fine particulate nitrate in Asian megacities: integrated lidar – aircraft observations and process analysis
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
Hongyi Li
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
Beijing Weather Modification Office, Beijing, 100089, China
Yifan Song
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
Jiancun He
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
Yining Tan
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
Zifa Wang
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
Viewed
Total article views: 4,637 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
Supplement
BibTeX
EndNote
3,605
775
257
4,637
198
297
321
HTML: 3,605
PDF: 775
XML: 257
Total: 4,637
Supplement: 198
BibTeX: 297
EndNote: 321
Views and downloads (calculated since 28 Apr 2025)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 28 Apr 2025)
Total article views: 1,537 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
Supplement
BibTeX
EndNote
993
397
147
1,537
198
185
165
HTML: 993
PDF: 397
XML: 147
Total: 1,537
Supplement: 198
BibTeX: 185
EndNote: 165
Views and downloads (calculated since 04 Dec 2025)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 04 Dec 2025)
Total article views: 3,100 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
BibTeX
EndNote
2,612
378
110
3,100
112
156
HTML: 2,612
PDF: 378
XML: 110
Total: 3,100
BibTeX: 112
EndNote: 156
Views and downloads (calculated since 28 Apr 2025)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 28 Apr 2025)
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 4,637 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,537 with geography defined
and 100 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 1,537 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 1,441 with geography defined
and 96 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 3,100 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,096 with geography defined
and 4 with unknown origin.
This study examines how nitrate pollution varies with height and season to combat urban haze. Nitrate levels peak near the ground in spring/winter due to humidity and temperature, while wind and sunlight drive high-altitude pollution in late autumn. Winter shows unique daytime peaks linked to sunlight and nighttime chemistry. Findings help cities design targeted strategies, like timing emissions cuts, to improve air quality by addressing pollution at specific heights and times.
This study examines how nitrate pollution varies with height and season to combat urban haze....