Articles | Volume 25, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17237-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17237-2025
Research article
 | 
01 Dec 2025
Research article |  | 01 Dec 2025

Gas-phase collision rate enhancement factors for acid–base clusters up to 2 nm in diameter from atomistic simulation and the interacting hard-sphere model

Valtteri Tikkanen, Huan Yang, Hanna Vehkamäki, and Bernhard Reischl

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Short summary
Collisions of neutral molecules and clusters comprise the prevalent pathway in atmospheric new particle formation. In heavily polluted urban areas, where clusters are formed rapidly and in large numbers, cluster–cluster collisions also become relevant. We calculate cluster–cluster collision rates from atomistic molecular dynamics simulations and an interacting hard-sphere model. Not accounting for long-range attractive interactions underestimates collision and particle formation rates significantly.
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