Articles | Volume 25, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16411-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-16411-2025
Research article
 | 
21 Nov 2025
Research article |  | 21 Nov 2025

The ice supersaturation biases limiting contrail modelling are structured around extratropical depressions

Oliver G. A. Driver, Marc E. J. Stettler, and Edward Gryspeerdt

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Short summary
Contrails are ice clouds caused by planes. They have a warming effect, so are important to model. In humid (ice supersaturated) regions, ice crystals are stable so can persist. However, weather model data doesn't represent ice supersaturated regions well enough. We demonstrate that ice supersaturation modelling is structured by North Atlantic storm systems. Averaging many systems, we link the bias to underling processes being modelled, and gain insight into how the existing data could be used.
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