Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
ACP
Articles | Volume 25, issue 21
Articles | Volume 25, issue 21
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15145-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15145-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 25, issue 21
Review article
 | 
07 Nov 2025
Review article |  | 07 Nov 2025

A comprehensive review of tropospheric background ozone: definitions, estimation methods, and meta-analysis of its spatiotemporal distribution in China

Chujun Chen, Weihua Chen, Linhao Guo, Yongkang Wu, Xianzhong Duan, Xuemei Wang, and Min Shao

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Short summary
Background O3 forms the baseline level of O3 pollution, even without local human activities. This review examines how background O3 is defined and estimated, revealing significant variations across China, with higher level in the Northwest and lower in the Northeast region. Globally, China’s background O3 levels are medium-to-high and rising. The study calls for integrated estimation methods, international collaboration, and research on climate-ozone links to improve air quality strategies.
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