Assessing BC and CO emissions from China using EMeRGe aircraft observations and WRF/CMAQ modelling

Ha, Phuc Thi Minh; Kanaya, Yugo; Yamaji, Kazuyo; Itahashi, Syuichi; Chatani, Satoru; Sekiya, Takashi; Hernández, Maria Dolores Andrés; Burrows, John Philip; Schlager, Hans; Lichtenstern, Michael; Poehlker, Mira; Holanda, Bruna

doi:10.5194/acp-25-13429-2025

Articles | Volume 25, issue 20

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13429-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-13429-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 25, issue 20

Research article

|

22 Oct 2025

Research article |

| 22 Oct 2025

Assessing BC and CO emissions from China using EMeRGe aircraft observations and WRF/CMAQ modelling

Phuc Thi Minh Ha, Yugo Kanaya, Kazuyo Yamaji, Syuichi Itahashi, Satoru Chatani, Takashi Sekiya, Maria Dolores Andrés Hernández, John Philip Burrows, Hans Schlager, Michael Lichtenstern, Mira Poehlker, and Bruna Holanda

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Dec 2024	82	32	6	120
Jan 2025	86	34	6	126
Feb 2025	46	4	4	54
Mar 2025	56	18	0	74
Apr 2025	48	8	4	60
May 2025	76	24	4	104
Jun 2025	48	8	6	62
Jul 2025	100	24	12	136
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Oct 2025	333	55	9	397
Nov 2025	298	70	16	384
Dec 2025	312	109	19	440
Jan 2026	337	91	15	443
Feb 2026	269	107	12	388
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Apr 2026	140	146	12	298
May 2026	35	27	2	64

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 26 Nov 2024)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Nov 2024	144	60	4	208
Dec 2024	82	32	6	120
Jan 2025	86	34	6	126
Feb 2025	46	4	4	54
Mar 2025	56	18	0	74
Apr 2025	48	8	4	60
May 2025	76	24	4	104
Jun 2025	48	8	6	62
Jul 2025	100	24	12	136
Aug 2025	334	22	0	356
Sep 2025	1,344	18	4	1,366
Oct 2025	333	55	9	397
Nov 2025	298	70	16	384
Dec 2025	312	109	19	440
Jan 2026	337	91	15	443
Feb 2026	269	107	12	388
Mar 2026	149	191	13	353
Apr 2026	140	146	12	298
May 2026	35	27	2	64

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Short summary

Black carbon and CO are important to climate change. EMeRGe airborne observation can identify the suitability of emission inventories used in the CMAQv5.0.2 model for Asian polluted regions. GFEDv4.1s is suitable for fire emissions. Anthropogenic BC and CO emissions from the Philippines (REASv2.1) are insufficient. The estimated Chinese emissions in 2018 are 0.65±0.25 TgBC, 166±65 TgCO, and 12.4±4.8 PgCO₂, suggesting a reduction and increment for China's BC and CO emissions in the HTAPv2.2z inventory.