Trends in the erythemal radiant exposure from re-evaluated measurements (1976–2023) with biometers in Belsk, Poland, and their sources from corresponding ozone, aerosol, and cloud observations

Czerwińska, Agnieszka; Krzyścin, Janusz; Jarosławski, Janusz; Sobolewski, Piotr S.; Pietruczuk, Aleksander

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12497-2025

Articles | Volume 25, issue 19

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12497-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-12497-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 25, issue 19

Research article

|

09 Oct 2025

Research article |

| 09 Oct 2025

Trends in the erythemal radiant exposure from re-evaluated measurements (1976–2023) with biometers in Belsk, Poland, and their sources from corresponding ozone, aerosol, and cloud observations

Agnieszka Czerwińska, Janusz Krzyścin, Janusz Jarosławski, Piotr S. Sobolewski, and Aleksander Pietruczuk

Data sets

Biologically effective solar radiation (daily radiant exposure and irradiance at noon) at Belsk from 1 January 1976 to 31 December 2023 based on homogenised measurements with broadband radiometers Janusz Krzyścin https://doi.org/10.25171/InstGeoph_PAS_IGData_Biologically_Effective_Solar_Radiation_Belsk_1976_2023

ERA5 hourly data on single levels from 1940 to present ERA5 https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels?tab=overview

Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, MERRA-2 75 tavg1_2d_rad_Nx: 2d,1-Hourly, Time-Averaged, Single- Level, Assimilation, Radiation Diagnostics V5.12.4 GMAO https://doi.org/10.5067/Q9QMY5PBNV1T

Tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible (TUV) Radiation Model TUV https://www2.acom.ucar.edu/modeling/ 55 tropospheric-ultraviolet-and-visible-tuv-radiation-model

Short summary

Excessive levels of ultraviolet solar radiation at the Earth's surface have been linked to several types of skin cancer. The world's longest record of solar radiation intensities causing harmful skin redness comes from observations at Belsk, Poland, between 1976 and 2023. In this century, the intensity of such radiation is stable but 15 % higher than in the 1970s. This trend is due to the combined effects of a decrease in stratospheric ozone and an increase in cloud transparency before 2000.