Articles | Volume 24, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9119-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9119-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Solar cycle signatures in lightning activity
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 14100, Czech Republic
Ronald Langer
Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, 04001, Slovakia
Ivana Kolmašová
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 14100, Czech Republic
Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, 18000, Czech Republic
Ondřej Lhotka
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 14100, Czech Republic
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 14100, Czech Republic
Igor Strhárský
Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, 04001, Slovakia
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We contribute to the knowledge about the differences in lightning flashes of opposite polarity. We found and explained a distinct behaviour of in-cloud processes happening immediately after return strokes of cloud-to-ground lightning flashes, considering a recharging of in-cloud part of bidirectional leader.
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Gamma ray radiation related to thunderstorms was previously observed at the high-altitude mountain observatories or on the western coast of Japan, usually being terminated by lightning discharges. We show unusual observations of gamma rays at an altitude below 1000 m, coinciding with peculiar rapid variations in the vertical electric field, which are linked to inverted intracloud lightning discharges. This indicates that a strong, lower positive-charge region was present inside the thundercloud.
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The 2014–2015 winter brought an enormous number of lightning strokes to northern Europe, about 4 times more than their long-term median over the last decade. This unusual production of lightning, concentrated above the ocean and along the western coastal areas, was probably due to a combination of large-scale climatic events like El Niño and the North Atlantic Oscillation, causing increased sea surface temperatures and updraft strengths, which acted as additional thundercloud-charging drivers.
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Abrupt excursions in water vapor isotopic variability at the Pointe Benedicte observatory on Amsterdam Island
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We have monitored water vapor isotopes since January 2020 on Amsterdam Island in the Indian Ocean. We show 11 periods associated with abrupt negative excursions of water vapor δ18Ο. Six of these events show a decrease in gaseous elemental mercury, suggesting subsidence of air from a higher altitude. Accurately representing the water isotopic signal during these cold fronts is a real challenge for the atmospheric components of Earth system models equipped with water isotopes.
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Short summary
Lightning and extreme weather can endanger people and technology. Despite advances in science, not all the factors that lead to the formation of thunderclouds, to their charging and to lightning ignition are known in detail. This paper shows that lightning frequency may, to some extent, be modulated by solar activity and solar wind. Namely, in the region of the South Atlantic Anomaly of the Earth's magnetic field, it correlates with the polarity and intensity of the solar wind.
Lightning and extreme weather can endanger people and technology. Despite advances in science,...
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