Articles | Volume 24, issue 24
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14101-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14101-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
18 Dec 2024
Research article |
| 18 Dec 2024
| 18 Dec 2024
Impact of boundary layer stability on urban park cooling effect intensity
Martial Haeffelin
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), CNRS, Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau CEDEX, France
Jean-François Ribaud
Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD-IPSL), Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau CEDEX, France
Jonnathan Céspedes
Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD-IPSL), Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau CEDEX, France
Jean-Charles Dupont
Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 78240 Guyancourt, France
Aude Lemonsu
Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Valéry Masson
Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Tim Nagel
Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
Simone Kotthaus
Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (LMD-IPSL), Ecole polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau CEDEX, France
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Cited
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Measuring the efficiency and intensity of the cooling impact of urban parks in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Seasonal analysis and proposed approach to the parks cooling direction index J. Ain https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103619
- Cooling efficacy assessment of urban green spaces using machine learning-based multivariate landscape analysis R. Kotharkar & A. Vidyasagar https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2025.106541
- Unveiling strong microclimatic cooling by small wetlands in China: landscape context-dependent spatial and climatic drivers Y. Jia et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2026.07.002
- Beyond the Canopy: In Situ Evidence of Urban Green Spaces’ Cooling Potential Across Three Chilean Cities K. Salgado et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9110485
- Three-dimensional thermal benefits of urban tree canopy under calm conditions: a case study in Hong Kong J. Lieber & J. Yang https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2026.107598
- Analysis of nocturnal urban heat advection using crowd weather stations J. Kittner et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.5065
- Optimizing blue–green infrastructure for sustainable urban cooling: nonlinear thresholds of internal attributes and built environments J. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2026.2698121
- Urban parks as nature-based infrastructure for climate resilient tropical cities: Insights from cooling, carbon, and culture B. Wiwoho et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2026.102790
- Asymmetric global urban cooling potential demands accelerated and context-specific actions X. Ding et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-70662-2
- Influence of multidimensional spatial factors on urban park cooling and carbon-saving effects: Insights under contrasting background meteorological conditions Z. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2025.106997
- Urban form and park cooling performance during extreme heat events: a case study in Melbourne M. Norouzi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117710
- Revealing the synergistic effects of built-up space and green space morphology in mitigating seasonal daytime and nighttime land surface temperatures in Shanghai F. Hou et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.130576
- SHAP-based comparisons between the street- and roof-level urban heat islands in Seoul, Republic of Korea T. Hong et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114481
- Finding the sea level – Investigation of rural references for estimation of the urban heat island J. Kittner et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000955
- Responses of surface and canopy heat islands to extreme temperatures: A synergistic analysis in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration Y. Haiyi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102712
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Measuring the efficiency and intensity of the cooling impact of urban parks in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Seasonal analysis and proposed approach to the parks cooling direction index J. Ain https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103619
- Cooling efficacy assessment of urban green spaces using machine learning-based multivariate landscape analysis R. Kotharkar & A. Vidyasagar https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2025.106541
- Unveiling strong microclimatic cooling by small wetlands in China: landscape context-dependent spatial and climatic drivers Y. Jia et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2026.07.002
- Beyond the Canopy: In Situ Evidence of Urban Green Spaces’ Cooling Potential Across Three Chilean Cities K. Salgado et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9110485
- Three-dimensional thermal benefits of urban tree canopy under calm conditions: a case study in Hong Kong J. Lieber & J. Yang https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2026.107598
- Analysis of nocturnal urban heat advection using crowd weather stations J. Kittner et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.5065
- Optimizing blue–green infrastructure for sustainable urban cooling: nonlinear thresholds of internal attributes and built environments J. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2026.2698121
- Urban parks as nature-based infrastructure for climate resilient tropical cities: Insights from cooling, carbon, and culture B. Wiwoho et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2026.102790
- Asymmetric global urban cooling potential demands accelerated and context-specific actions X. Ding et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-70662-2
- Influence of multidimensional spatial factors on urban park cooling and carbon-saving effects: Insights under contrasting background meteorological conditions Z. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2025.106997
- Urban form and park cooling performance during extreme heat events: a case study in Melbourne M. Norouzi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117710
- Revealing the synergistic effects of built-up space and green space morphology in mitigating seasonal daytime and nighttime land surface temperatures in Shanghai F. Hou et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.130576
- SHAP-based comparisons between the street- and roof-level urban heat islands in Seoul, Republic of Korea T. Hong et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114481
- Finding the sea level – Investigation of rural references for estimation of the urban heat island J. Kittner et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000955
- Responses of surface and canopy heat islands to extreme temperatures: A synergistic analysis in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration Y. Haiyi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102712
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 01 Aug 2026
Short summary
This study highlights how the state of the urban atmospheric boundary layer impacts urban park cooling effect intensity at night. Under summertime heat wave conditions, the urban atmosphere becomes stable at night, which inhibits turbulent motions. Under those specific conditions, urban parks and woods cool much more efficiently than the surrounding built-up neighbourhoods in the evening and through the night, providing cooler air temperatures by 4 to 6° C depending on park size.
This study highlights how the state of the urban atmospheric boundary layer impacts urban park...
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