Articles | Volume 24, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12823-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12823-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Clouds and precipitation in the initial phase of marine cold-air outbreaks as observed by airborne remote sensing
Imke Schirmacher
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute of Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Sabrina Schnitt
Institute of Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Marcus Klingebiel
Institute for Meteorology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
Nina Maherndl
Institute for Meteorology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
Benjamin Kirbus
Institute for Meteorology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
André Ehrlich
Institute for Meteorology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
Mario Mech
Institute of Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Susanne Crewell
Institute of Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Cited
12 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Retrieval of cloud thermodynamic phase partitioning from multi-angle polarimetric imaging of Arctic mixed-phase clouds A. Weber et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-7581-2025
- Quasi-Lagrangian observations of cloud transitions during the initial phase of marine cold air outbreaks in the Arctic – Part 1: Temporal and spatial evolution A. Weber et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3521-2026
- What Are the Most Important Contributors to Arctic Precipitation—When, Where, and How? M. Lauer et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1317
- Quasi-Lagrangian observations of cloud transitions during the initial phase of marine cold air outbreaks in the Arctic – Part 2: Vertical cloud structure A. Weber et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-8001-2026
- Observed and modeled Arctic airmass transformations during warm air intrusions and cold air outbreaks M. Wendisch et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15047-2025
- A comprehensive in situ and remote sensing data set collected during the HALO–(𝒜 𝒞)3 aircraft campaign A. Ehrlich et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1295-2025
- Classification of Cloud Phases in Cold-Air Outbreak Events Based on Polarization Lidar and Cloud Radar Observations Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2026.3663561
- Characterizing Postfire Fine and Ultrafine Particles in the 2025 Eaton Fire Burn Zone and Nearby Areas H. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.6c00123
- Lagrangian Thermodynamic Transformation of North Atlantic Air Masses Reaching the Azores: The Roles of Ocean–Atmosphere Turbulent Heat Fluxes and Boundary-Layer Coupling M. Meirelles & H. Vasconcelos https://doi.org/10.3390/cli14100222
- Impacts of mesoscale atmospheric subsidence on cloud glaciation and decoupling in Arctic marine cold air outbreaks F. Paulus et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-13983-2026
- How does riming influence the observed spatial variability of ice water in mixed-phase clouds? N. Maherndl et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13935-2024
- The Arctic Low-Level Mixed-Phase Haze Regime and its Microphysical Differences to Mixed-Phase Clouds M. Moser et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1867-2026
12 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Retrieval of cloud thermodynamic phase partitioning from multi-angle polarimetric imaging of Arctic mixed-phase clouds A. Weber et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-7581-2025
- Quasi-Lagrangian observations of cloud transitions during the initial phase of marine cold air outbreaks in the Arctic – Part 1: Temporal and spatial evolution A. Weber et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-3521-2026
- What Are the Most Important Contributors to Arctic Precipitation—When, Where, and How? M. Lauer et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1317
- Quasi-Lagrangian observations of cloud transitions during the initial phase of marine cold air outbreaks in the Arctic – Part 2: Vertical cloud structure A. Weber et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-8001-2026
- Observed and modeled Arctic airmass transformations during warm air intrusions and cold air outbreaks M. Wendisch et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15047-2025
- A comprehensive in situ and remote sensing data set collected during the HALO–(𝒜 𝒞)3 aircraft campaign A. Ehrlich et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1295-2025
- Classification of Cloud Phases in Cold-Air Outbreak Events Based on Polarization Lidar and Cloud Radar Observations Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2026.3663561
- Characterizing Postfire Fine and Ultrafine Particles in the 2025 Eaton Fire Burn Zone and Nearby Areas H. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.6c00123
- Lagrangian Thermodynamic Transformation of North Atlantic Air Masses Reaching the Azores: The Roles of Ocean–Atmosphere Turbulent Heat Fluxes and Boundary-Layer Coupling M. Meirelles & H. Vasconcelos https://doi.org/10.3390/cli14100222
- Impacts of mesoscale atmospheric subsidence on cloud glaciation and decoupling in Arctic marine cold air outbreaks F. Paulus et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-13983-2026
- How does riming influence the observed spatial variability of ice water in mixed-phase clouds? N. Maherndl et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13935-2024
- The Arctic Low-Level Mixed-Phase Haze Regime and its Microphysical Differences to Mixed-Phase Clouds M. Moser et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-1867-2026
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 03 Nov 2026
Short summary
During Arctic marine cold-air outbreaks, cold air flows from sea ice over open water. Roll circulations evolve, forming cloud streets. We investigate the initial circulation and cloud development using high-resolution airborne measurements. We compute the distance an air mass traveled over water (fetch) from back trajectories. Cloud streets form at 15 km fetch, cloud cover strongly increases at around 20 km, and precipitation forms at around 30 km.
During Arctic marine cold-air outbreaks, cold air flows from sea ice over open water. Roll...
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