This manuscript describes a summertime period of nocturnal low-level jets (LLJs), observed with Doppler wind lidars, and the LLJ impact on the Urban Heat Island (UHI) intensity. The main finding of the study is that the LLJ vertical velocity variance observed at the urban site shows a clearer relation to the UHI intensity than the LLJ wind speed. The study is well-written and includes a very detailed description of methods, the observed LLJ characteristics and the conclusions. The abstract provides a clear and concise overview of the study. I have a few minor suggestions for improvement outlined below.

General comments

1. The study concludes that the wind speed variance shows a clearer relation to the UHI intensity than the wind speed. I would like to make sure that the comparison is not impacted by the measurement location (near-surface wind speed at the rural site vs. wind speed variance at 238m agl at the urban site). Does the lowest-level wind speed derived from the urban site reveal the same trend (and is therefore more comparable to the variance)? Or, the other way around, are there near-surface wind speed variance measurements available from the rural site?
2. Generally, the study provides a lot of details. It would be helpful for the reader to provide some guidance on how the details relate to the broader context. For example, in the methods section, start each sub-section with an introductory/ summary sentence, so that the reader can pay attention to the details of interest. (e.g. start Sect. 2.2 with something like “Two DWLs, one in the city and one in a suburban are, were used to obtain vertical profiles of horizontal wind speed and vertical wind speed variance.”
3. The time periods used in this study are a bit confusing. It seems like the lidar analysis is based on the core period 15 June 2022 to 31 August 2022, but other time periods for validations are mentioned multiple times. Also, the PANAME initiative is not really introduced. Is the lidar study period part of this initiative or its Intensive Observation Period?

Specific comments

1. The introduction is well-researched, but can be a little more concise and details not relevant to the study could be omitted.
2. L. 160: Since the vertical velocity variance is highly sensitive to the averaging interval and sampling frequency, it might be worth pointing these out and giving an assessment about which parts of the turbulence spectrum are captured/ omitted with the used strategy.
3. L. 210 "Note that the minimum below the core height may not be captured correctly by the observations because no information is available < 238m agl in the instrument’s blind zone.”: Are there near-surface wind measurements available at the urban site to close this gap? Especially, since QUALAIR-SU is referred to as a supersite.
4. It seems like most of the LLJ statistics are based on the measurements from the urban lidar, and the suburban lidar serves only to show that the LLJs are a regional phenomenon. Maybe mention that at an early point in the paper, so that the reader does not expect a detailed analysis from the suburban lidar.
5. L. 269 “Here we assume that the σ2w observations at the first range gate (238m agl) of the DWL at the urban site provides a representative proxy for vertical mixing in the nocturnal urban boundary layer.”: Is the aim getting a wind variance estimate as close as possible to the surface? I am a bit worried that the variance at a fixed height agl depends on the jet core height.

Technical corrections

• Please be more consistent with introducing and using abbreviations (IO, ABL, …)
• L. 65: access -> excess?
• L. 153: could you provide a reference for the hard target method?

See attached