The behaviour of charged particles (ions) during new particle formation events in urban Leipzig, Germany
Alex Rowell,James Brean,David C. S. Beddows,Zongbo Shi,Avinash Kumar,Matti Rissanen,Miikka Dal Maso,Peter Mettke,Kay Weinhold,Maik Merkel,and Roy M. Harrison
Alex Rowell
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
James Brean
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
David C. S. Beddows
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Viewed
Total article views: 4,462 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
Supplement
BibTeX
EndNote
3,460
772
230
4,462
309
221
321
HTML: 3,460
PDF: 772
XML: 230
Total: 4,462
Supplement: 309
BibTeX: 221
EndNote: 321
Views and downloads (calculated since 03 Apr 2024)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 03 Apr 2024)
Total article views: 2,214 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
Supplement
BibTeX
EndNote
1,733
320
161
2,214
105
83
118
HTML: 1,733
PDF: 320
XML: 161
Total: 2,214
Supplement: 105
BibTeX: 83
EndNote: 118
Views and downloads (calculated since 18 Sep 2024)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 18 Sep 2024)
Total article views: 2,248 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
HTML
PDF
XML
Total
Supplement
BibTeX
EndNote
1,727
452
69
2,248
204
138
203
HTML: 1,727
PDF: 452
XML: 69
Total: 2,248
Supplement: 204
BibTeX: 138
EndNote: 203
Views and downloads (calculated since 03 Apr 2024)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 03 Apr 2024)
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 4,462 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,462 with geography defined
and 0 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 2,214 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 2,214 with geography defined
and 0 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 2,248 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 2,220 with geography defined
and 28 with unknown origin.
Ions enhance the formation and growth rates of new particles, affecting the Earth's radiation budget. Despite these effects, there is little published data exploring the sources of ions in the urban environment and their role in new particle formation (NPF). Here we show that natural ion sources dominate in urban environments, while traffic is a secondary source. Ions contribute up to 12.7 % of the formation rate of particles, indicating that they are important for forming urban PM.
Ions enhance the formation and growth rates of new particles, affecting the Earth's radiation...
