Articles | Volume 23, issue 13
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7383-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7383-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
05 Jul 2023
Research article |
| 05 Jul 2023
| 05 Jul 2023
Western European emission estimates of CFC-11, CFC-12 and CCl4 derived from atmospheric measurements from 2008 to 2021
Alison L. Redington
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Hadley Centre, Met Office, Exeter, UK
Alistair J. Manning
Hadley Centre, Met Office, Exeter, UK
Stephan Henne
Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
Francesco Graziosi
Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
Clean Air and Climate Unit, Directorate for Energy, Mobility and Climate, European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra (VA), Italy
Luke M. Western
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Global Monitoring Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA
Jgor Arduini
Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
Anita L. Ganesan
School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Christina M. Harth
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Michela Maione
Department of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
Jens Mühle
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Simon O'Doherty
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Joseph Pitt
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Stefan Reimann
Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
Matthew Rigby
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Peter K. Salameh
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Peter G. Simmonds
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
T. Gerard Spain
School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
Kieran Stanley
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Martin K. Vollmer
Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
Ray F. Weiss
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Dickon Young
School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Cited
8 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Banked CFC-11 contributes to an unforeseen emission rise and sets back progress towards carbon neutrality H. Liu et al.
- A Sensitivity Study of a Bayesian Inversion Model Used to Estimate Emissions of Synthetic Greenhouse Gases at the European Scale S. Annadate et al.
- Characterization of German SF6 Emissions K. Meixner et al.
- Impact of leakage during HFC-125 production on the increase in HCFC-123 and HCFC-124 emissions L. Western et al.
- Sustained Increases in Hydrofluorocarbon Emissions from China and Implications for Global Emissions X. Hu et al.
- Long-term measurements of atmospheric halogenated organic trace gases at Mount Waliguan, China P. Liu et al.
- Central-eastern China's chloroform emissions during 2021–2024 inferred from high-frequency in-situ atmospheric measurements and industrial sampling B. Li et al.
- Sustained Decline in CFC-12 Emissions from China: Evidence for Successful Phase-out under the Montreal Protocol and Global Implications M. Ma et al.
8 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Banked CFC-11 contributes to an unforeseen emission rise and sets back progress towards carbon neutrality H. Liu et al.
- A Sensitivity Study of a Bayesian Inversion Model Used to Estimate Emissions of Synthetic Greenhouse Gases at the European Scale S. Annadate et al.
- Characterization of German SF6 Emissions K. Meixner et al.
- Impact of leakage during HFC-125 production on the increase in HCFC-123 and HCFC-124 emissions L. Western et al.
- Sustained Increases in Hydrofluorocarbon Emissions from China and Implications for Global Emissions X. Hu et al.
- Long-term measurements of atmospheric halogenated organic trace gases at Mount Waliguan, China P. Liu et al.
- Central-eastern China's chloroform emissions during 2021–2024 inferred from high-frequency in-situ atmospheric measurements and industrial sampling B. Li et al.
- Sustained Decline in CFC-12 Emissions from China: Evidence for Successful Phase-out under the Montreal Protocol and Global Implications M. Ma et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 30 Apr 2026
Short summary
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were used in Europe pre-1990, damaging the stratospheric ozone layer. Legislation has controlled production and use, and global emissions have decreased sharply. The global rate of decline in CFC-11 recently slowed and was partly attributed to illegal emission in eastern China. This study concludes that emissions of CFC-11 in western Europe have not contributed to the unexplained part of the global increase in CFC-11 observed in the last decade.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were used in Europe pre-1990, damaging the stratospheric ozone layer....
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