Articles | Volume 23, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3749-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-3749-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Measurement report: Understanding the seasonal cycle of Southern Ocean aerosols
Ruhi S. Humphries
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Melbourne, Australia
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Melita D. Keywood
Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Melbourne, Australia
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Jason P. Ward
Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Melbourne, Australia
James Harnwell
Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Melbourne, Australia
Simon P. Alexander
Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Andrew R. Klekociuk
Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Keiichiro Hara
Department of Earth Science System, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Jyonan, Fukuoka, Japan
Ian M. McRobert
Engineering and Technology Program, CSIRO National Collections and Marine Infrastructure, Hobart, Australia
Alain Protat
Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia
Australian Antarctic Program Partnership, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Joel Alroe
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
Luke T. Cravigan
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
Branka Miljevic
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
Zoran D. Ristovski
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
Robyn Schofield
School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Stephen R. Wilson
Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
Connor J. Flynn
School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA
Gourihar R. Kulkarni
Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, USA
Gerald G. Mace
Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
Greg M. McFarquhar
Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA
Scott D. Chambers
Environmental Research, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
Alastair G. Williams
Environmental Research, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
Alan D. Griffiths
Environmental Research, ANSTO, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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- Final revised paper (published on 29 Mar 2023)
- Preprint (discussion started on 07 Sep 2022)
Interactive discussion
Status: closed
Comment types: AC – author | RC – referee | CC – community | EC – editor | CEC – chief editor
| : Report abuse
- RC1: 'Comment on acp-2022-568', Anonymous Referee #1, 13 Oct 2022
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RC2: 'Comment on acp-2022-568', Anonymous Referee #2, 18 Nov 2022
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://acp.copernicus.org/preprints/acp-2022-568/acp-2022-568-RC2-supplement.pdf
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AC1: 'Comment on acp-2022-568', Ruhi Humphries, 17 Jan 2023
The comment was uploaded in the form of a supplement: https://acp.copernicus.org/preprints/acp-2022-568/acp-2022-568-AC1-supplement.pdf
Peer review completion
AR – Author's response | RR – Referee report | ED – Editor decision | EF – Editorial file upload
AR by Ruhi Humphries on behalf of the Authors (17 Jan 2023)
Author's response
Author's tracked changes
Manuscript
ED: Publish as is (30 Jan 2023) by Jerome Brioude
AR by Ruhi Humphries on behalf of the Authors (08 Feb 2023)
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Short summary
Observations of aerosols in pristine regions are rare but are vital to constraining the natural baseline from which climate simulations are calculated. Here we present recent seasonal observations of aerosols from the Southern Ocean and contrast them with measurements from Antarctica, Australia and regionally relevant voyages. Strong seasonal cycles persist, but striking differences occur at different latitudes. This study highlights the need for more long-term observations in remote regions.
Observations of aerosols in pristine regions are rare but are vital to constraining the natural...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint
Humphries et al. provide new seasonally resolved aerosol data over two years from Macquarie Island and combine the new dataset with ship-based observations from the Australian sector of the Southern Ocean. The dataset is valuable as it provides one of the few observations of winter CCN in the region. The seasonal cycle of CN shows a maximum in summer and minimum in winter related to phytoplankton blooms. Slight differences in the timing of the seasonal cycle between various stations is attributed to the variability of phytoplankton in proximal waters. Given the sparse and sporadic measurements in the region and the large uncertainties in aerosol-cloud properties over the Southern Ocean, these data are an important addition to the literature to understand the spatial and temporal variability of CCN over the Southern Ocean. The manuscript is well written and follows a logical structure. I recommend publication and hope the minor comments below are helpful in improving the manuscript.
Minor suggestion
It would be really interesting to include particle size distribution data at Macquarie Island and compare to other sites.
Specific comments
L25 Suggest rewording to “Atmospheric time capsules such as ice cores have been pivotal in reconstructing the past variability of greenhouse gases and a large suite of aerosol constituents. However, ice core proxies are not currently available for all atmospheric parameters” or similar.
L26-27 proxy “of the” atmosphere?
L27-28 I agree that this is the best place to study baseline atmosphere. Its worth noting that the Southern Ocean and high-elevation remote East Antarctic Plateau is now influenced by atmospheric pollution (e.g., lead pollution and synthetic chemicals).
L55 Here is one more: Kremser, S., et al. (2020). "Southern Ocean Cloud and Aerosol data: a compilation of measurements from the 2018 Southern Ocean Ross Sea Marine Ecosystems and Environment voyage." Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. 2020: 1-56.
L300 Air mass back trajectories would help here.
L319-320 Please add reference(s).