Articles | Volume 23, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14801-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14801-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
01 Dec 2023
Research article |
| 01 Dec 2023
| 01 Dec 2023
Seasonal variations in composition and sources of atmospheric ultrafine particles in urban Beijing based on near-continuous measurements
Xiaoxiao Li
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
Yijing Chen
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
Yuyang Li
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
Runlong Cai
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Yiran Li
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
Chenjuan Deng
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
Jin Wu
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
Hairong Cheng
School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
Yongchun Liu
Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
Markku Kulmala
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China
Jiming Hao
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
Chemistry Department, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
Jingkun Jiang
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
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Cited
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Measurement report: Size-resolved and seasonal variations in aerosol hygroscopicity dominated by organic formation and aging: insights from a year-long observation in Nanjing J. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17413-2025
- Chemically Resolved Respiratory Deposition of Ultrafine Particles Characterized by Number Concentration in the Urban Atmosphere J. Zhai et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c03279
- Unseasonal extreme cold weather, ultrafine particles, and diabetes hospitalizations: an unexpected time window for intervention D. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heha.2025.100140
- Characterizing Long-Term Multimodal Condensational Growth of Atmospheric Aerosols with the Synchronous Monitor of Aerosol Size and Hygroscopicity (SMASH) C. Xiong et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c00847
- Modeling particle number concentrations and sources in the Beijing and Shanghai metropolitan areas with the UCD/CIT model Y. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2026.01.005
- Molecular and seasonal characteristics of organic vapors in urban Beijing: insights from Vocus-PTR measurements Z. An et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13793-2024
- Global high-resolution ultrafine particle number concentrations through data fusion with machine learning P. Georgiades et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06055-9
- A review on characterizing atmospheric ultrafine particles M. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-026-2180-2
- Accelerated reduction of atmospheric ultrafine particles since China VI vehicle emission standards H. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-026-01327-6
- Trends and source contributions of particle number size distribution over 2020-2024 in coastal city of Southeast China L. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44407-026-00069-2
- Zones of exposure: Urban micro-environments of air pollution and residential intensification A. Kramer & L. Minet https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2025.106404
- Hybrid air quality monitoring for robust exposure assessment in resource-constrained environments W. Jaafar et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121944
- Ultrafine particles and health: aligning size distributions and chemical composition for more comprehensive risk assessment W. Yao et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-026-2179-8
- Cooking emissions dominated the high-resolution spatial variations of ultrafine particles (PM0.1) in a Chinese megacity Q. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121635
- Atmospheric ultrafine particles: An integrated review of sources, physicochemical properties, impacts, measurement and control challenges S. Shirke et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2026.123638
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Measurement report: Size-resolved and seasonal variations in aerosol hygroscopicity dominated by organic formation and aging: insights from a year-long observation in Nanjing J. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-17413-2025
- Chemically Resolved Respiratory Deposition of Ultrafine Particles Characterized by Number Concentration in the Urban Atmosphere J. Zhai et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c03279
- Unseasonal extreme cold weather, ultrafine particles, and diabetes hospitalizations: an unexpected time window for intervention D. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heha.2025.100140
- Characterizing Long-Term Multimodal Condensational Growth of Atmospheric Aerosols with the Synchronous Monitor of Aerosol Size and Hygroscopicity (SMASH) C. Xiong et al. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6c00847
- Modeling particle number concentrations and sources in the Beijing and Shanghai metropolitan areas with the UCD/CIT model Y. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2026.01.005
- Molecular and seasonal characteristics of organic vapors in urban Beijing: insights from Vocus-PTR measurements Z. An et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13793-2024
- Global high-resolution ultrafine particle number concentrations through data fusion with machine learning P. Georgiades et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-06055-9
- A review on characterizing atmospheric ultrafine particles M. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-026-2180-2
- Accelerated reduction of atmospheric ultrafine particles since China VI vehicle emission standards H. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-026-01327-6
- Trends and source contributions of particle number size distribution over 2020-2024 in coastal city of Southeast China L. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44407-026-00069-2
- Zones of exposure: Urban micro-environments of air pollution and residential intensification A. Kramer & L. Minet https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2025.106404
- Hybrid air quality monitoring for robust exposure assessment in resource-constrained environments W. Jaafar et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2026.121944
- Ultrafine particles and health: aligning size distributions and chemical composition for more comprehensive risk assessment W. Yao et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-026-2179-8
- Cooking emissions dominated the high-resolution spatial variations of ultrafine particles (PM0.1) in a Chinese megacity Q. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121635
- Atmospheric ultrafine particles: An integrated review of sources, physicochemical properties, impacts, measurement and control challenges S. Shirke et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2026.123638
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 24 Aug 2026
Short summary
Near-continuous measurements show the composition, sources, and seasonal variations of ultrafine particles (UFPs) in urban Beijing. Vehicle and cooking emissions and new particle formation are the main sources of UFPs, and aqueous/heterogeneous processes increase UFP mode diameters. UFPs are the highest in winter due to the highest primary particle emission rates and new particle formation rates, and CHO fractions are the highest in summer due to the strongest photooxidation.
Near-continuous measurements show the composition, sources, and seasonal variations of ultrafine...
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