Articles | Volume 23, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14349-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-14349-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
20 Nov 2023
Research article |
| 20 Nov 2023
| 20 Nov 2023
Sources and long-term variability of carbon monoxide at Mount Kenya and in Nairobi
Leonard Kirago
Department of Environmental Science, and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
Örjan Gustafsson
Department of Environmental Science, and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
Samuel Mwaniki Gaita
Department of Environmental Science, and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
Sophie L. Haslett
Department of Environmental Science, and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
Michael J. Gatari
Institute of Nuclear Science & Technology, University of Nairobi, 31907-00100 Nairobi, Kenya
Maria Elena Popa
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht University, 3584CC Utrecht, the Netherlands
Thomas Röckmann
Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU), Utrecht University, 3584CC Utrecht, the Netherlands
Christoph Zellweger
Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
Martin Steinbacher
Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
Jörg Klausen
Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, 8058 Zurich, Switzerland
Christian Félix
Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, 8058 Zurich, Switzerland
David Njiru
Kenya Meteorological Department, 30259-00100 Nairobi, Kenya
August Andersson
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Environmental Science, and the Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Cited
8 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Isotopic source signatures of stratospheric CO inferred from in situ vertical profiles J. Hooghiem et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-00986-1
- The use of δ 13C in CO to determine removal of CH4 by Cl radicals in the atmosphere * T. Röckmann et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad4375
- Estimation of near-surface carbon monoxide concentration in Shandong based on Bo-LightGBM-BiGRU modeling Y. Kang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-026-06157-3
- Long-term trace gas and black carbon measurements at the high-altitude station Mount Kenya: tropical atmospheric variability and the influence of African emissions L. Bernet et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6741-2026
- Analysis of the gas emissions from volcanic activity in the East African Rift System using remote sensing over the past two decades S. Moradi & E. Ghasemifar https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2025.101471
- Quantifying CO emissions from boreal wildfires by assimilating TROPOMI and TCCON observations S. Voshtani et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15527-2025
- Local industrial δ18O signatures refine carbon monoxide source apportionment and prevent overestimation of primary emissions in a typical industrial city K. Xie et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121755
- Household carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in a large African city: An unquantified public health burden? F. Orina et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124054
8 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Isotopic source signatures of stratospheric CO inferred from in situ vertical profiles J. Hooghiem et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-00986-1
- The use of δ 13C in CO to determine removal of CH4 by Cl radicals in the atmosphere * T. Röckmann et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad4375
- Estimation of near-surface carbon monoxide concentration in Shandong based on Bo-LightGBM-BiGRU modeling Y. Kang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-026-06157-3
- Long-term trace gas and black carbon measurements at the high-altitude station Mount Kenya: tropical atmospheric variability and the influence of African emissions L. Bernet et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-6741-2026
- Analysis of the gas emissions from volcanic activity in the East African Rift System using remote sensing over the past two decades S. Moradi & E. Ghasemifar https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2025.101471
- Quantifying CO emissions from boreal wildfires by assimilating TROPOMI and TCCON observations S. Voshtani et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-15527-2025
- Local industrial δ18O signatures refine carbon monoxide source apportionment and prevent overestimation of primary emissions in a typical industrial city K. Xie et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121755
- Household carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in a large African city: An unquantified public health burden? F. Orina et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124054
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 21 Jun 2026
Short summary
This study provides ground-observational evidence that supports earlier suggestions that savanna fires are the main emitters and modulators of carbon monoxide gas in Africa. Using isotope-based techniques, the study has shown that about two-thirds of this gas is emitted from savanna fires, while for urban areas, in this case Nairobi, primary sources approach 100 %. The latter has implications for air quality policy, suggesting primary emissions such as traffic should be targeted.
This study provides ground-observational evidence that supports earlier suggestions that savanna...
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