Articles | Volume 23, issue 19
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12609-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-12609-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
10 Oct 2023
Research article |
| 10 Oct 2023
| 10 Oct 2023
Characterizing water-soluble brown carbon in fine particles in four typical cities in northwestern China during wintertime: integrating optical properties with chemical processes
Miao Zhong
State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Jianzhong Xu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Huiqin Wang
Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration,
Ürümqi 830002, China
Li Gao
School of Geography and Planning, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
Haixia Zhu
Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of
Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of
Science, Xining 810008, China
Lixiang Zhai
State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Xinghua Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Wenhui Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Related authors
Jianzhong Xu, Xinghua Zhang, Wenhui Zhao, Lixiang Zhai, Miao Zhong, Jinsen Shi, Junying Sun, Yanmei Liu, Conghui Xie, Yulong Tan, Kemei Li, Xinlei Ge, Qi Zhang, and Shichang Kang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1875–1900, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1875-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1875-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive aerosol observation project was carried out in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surroundings in recent years to investigate the properties and sources of atmospheric aerosols as well as their regional differences by performing multiple intensive field observations. The release of this dataset can provide basic and systematic data for related research in the atmospheric, cryospheric, and environmental sciences in this unique region.
Xinghua Zhang, Wenhui Zhao, Lixiang Zhai, Miao Zhong, Jinsen Shi, Junying Sun, Yanmei Liu, Conghui Xie, Yulong Tan, Kemei Li, Xinlei Ge, Qi Zhang, Shichang Kang, and Jianzhong Xu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-211, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-211, 2022
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive aerosol observation project was carried out in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in recent years to investigate the properties and sources of atmospheric aerosols as well as their regional differences by performing multiple short-term intensive field observations. The real-time online high-time-resolution (hourly) data of aerosol properties in the different TP region are integrated in a new dataset and can provide supporting for related studies in in the TP.
Jianzhong Xu, Xinghua Zhang, Wenhui Zhao, Lixiang Zhai, Miao Zhong, Jinsen Shi, Junying Sun, Yanmei Liu, Conghui Xie, Yulong Tan, Kemei Li, Xinlei Ge, Qi Zhang, and Shichang Kang
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 1875–1900, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1875-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-1875-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive aerosol observation project was carried out in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surroundings in recent years to investigate the properties and sources of atmospheric aerosols as well as their regional differences by performing multiple intensive field observations. The release of this dataset can provide basic and systematic data for related research in the atmospheric, cryospheric, and environmental sciences in this unique region.
Zhiheng Du, Jiao Yang, Lei Wang, Ninglian Wang, Anders Svensson, Zhen Zhang, Xiangyu Ma, Yaping Liu, Shimeng Wang, Jianzhong Xu, and Cunde Xiao
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5349–5365, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5349-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5349-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A dataset of the radiogenic strontium and neodymium isotopic compositions from the three poles (the third pole, the Arctic, and Antarctica) were integrated to obtain new findings. The dataset enables us to map the standardized locations in the three poles, while the use of sorting criteria related to the sample type permits us to trace the dust sources and sinks. The purpose of this dataset is to try to determine the variable transport pathways of dust at three poles.
Xinghua Zhang, Wenhui Zhao, Lixiang Zhai, Miao Zhong, Jinsen Shi, Junying Sun, Yanmei Liu, Conghui Xie, Yulong Tan, Kemei Li, Xinlei Ge, Qi Zhang, Shichang Kang, and Jianzhong Xu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-211, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-211, 2022
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
A comprehensive aerosol observation project was carried out in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in recent years to investigate the properties and sources of atmospheric aerosols as well as their regional differences by performing multiple short-term intensive field observations. The real-time online high-time-resolution (hourly) data of aerosol properties in the different TP region are integrated in a new dataset and can provide supporting for related studies in in the TP.
Fan Mei, Jian Wang, Shan Zhou, Qi Zhang, Sonya Collier, and Jianzhong Xu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13019–13029, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13019-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13019-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work focuses on understanding aerosol's ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and its variations with organic oxidation level and volatility using measurements at a rural site. Aerosol properties were examined from four air mass sources. The results help improve the accurate representation of aerosol from different ambient aerosol emissions, transformation pathways, and atmospheric processes in a climate model.
Xinghua Zhang, Jianzhong Xu, Shichang Kang, Qi Zhang, and Junying Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7897–7911, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7897-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7897-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Highly time resolved chemistry and sources of PM1 were measured by an Aerodyne HR-ToF-AMS at Waliguan Baseline Observatory, a high-altitude background station at the northeastern edge of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), during summer 2017. Relatively higher mass concentration of PM1 and dominant sulfate contribution were observed in this site compared to those at other high-elevation sites in the southern or central QTP, indicating the different aerosol sources between them.
Yanqing An, Jianzhong Xu, Lin Feng, Xinghua Zhang, Yanmei Liu, Shichang Kang, Bin Jiang, and Yuhong Liao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 1115–1128, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1115-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1115-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Detailed molecular chemical composition of water-soluble organic matter in the Himalayas was characterized by positive electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for the first time. Many products formed from biogenic volatile organic compounds and biomass-burning-emitted compounds were found in the organic compounds, suggesting the important contribution of these two sources in the Himalayas.
Xinghua Zhang, Jianzhong Xu, Shichang Kang, Yanmei Liu, and Qi Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4617–4638, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4617-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4617-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Highly time and chemically resolved submicron aerosol properties were characterized online for the first time in a high-altitude site (Qomolangma station, 4276 m a.s.l.) in the northern Himalayas by using the Aerodyne HR-ToF-AMS. Biomass burning plumes were frequently observed and the dynamic processes (emissions, transport, and chemical processing) were characterized. The source and chemical composition of organic aerosol were further elucidated using positive matrix factorization analysis.
Jianzhong Xu, Qi Zhang, Jinsen Shi, Xinlei Ge, Conghui Xie, Junfeng Wang, Shichang Kang, Ruixiong Zhang, and Yuhang Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 427–443, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-427-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-427-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This manuscript presents results from a comprehensive field study using an HR-AMS coupled with a suite of other instruments in central Tibetan Plateau. The study discusses the chemical composition, sources, and processes of submicron aerosol during the transition from pre-monsoon to monsoon. Organic aerosol was overall highly oxidized during the entire study with higher O / C ratios during the pre-monsoon period. Sensitivity of air pollution transport with synoptic process was also evaluated.
Lin Feng, Yanqing An, Jianzhong Xu, Shichang Kang, Xiaofei Li, Yongqiang Zhou, Yunlin Zhang, Bin Jiang, and Yuhong Liao
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-507, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2017-507, 2017
Revised manuscript not accepted
Zhaolian Ye, Jiashu Liu, Aijun Gu, Feifei Feng, Yuhai Liu, Chenglu Bi, Jianzhong Xu, Ling Li, Hui Chen, Yanfang Chen, Liang Dai, Quanfa Zhou, and Xinlei Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 2573–2592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2573-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2573-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This work performed a thorough chemical characterization on the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples, collected during July 2015 to April 2016 across four seasons in Changzhou for the first time. In particular, an Aerodyne soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was deployed offline to probe the chemical properties and sources of the water-soluble fraction of organic aerosols (WSOAs).
Jianzhong Xu, Jinsen Shi, Qi Zhang, Xinlei Ge, Francesco Canonaco, André S. H. Prévôt, Matthias Vonwiller, Sönke Szidat, Jinming Ge, Jianmin Ma, Yanqing An, Shichang Kang, and Dahe Qin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14937–14957, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14937-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14937-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study deployed an AMS field study in Lanzhou, a city in northwestern China, evaluating the chemical composition, sources, and processes of urban aerosols during wintertime. In comparison with the results during summer in Lanzhou, the air pollution during winter was more severe and the sources were more complex. In addition, this paper estimates the contributions of fossil and non-fossil sources of organic carbon to primary and secondary organic carbon using the carbon isotopic method.
Junfeng Wang, Xinlei Ge, Yanfang Chen, Yafei Shen, Qi Zhang, Yele Sun, Jianzhong Xu, Shun Ge, Huan Yu, and Mindong Chen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 9109–9127, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9109-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-9109-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Highly time- and chemically resolved submicron aerosol properties were characterized online for the first time during springtime in Nanjing by using the Aerodyne SP-AMS. Both chemical and size information of black carbon together with other aerosol species were simultaneously determined. An in-depth analysis of the data elucidates the sources and evolution processes of the fine aerosols in the YRD region. Our findings are valuable for air quality remediation in the densely populated regions.
J. Z. Xu, Q. Zhang, Z. B. Wang, G. M. Yu, X. L. Ge, and X. Qin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5069–5081, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5069-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5069-2015, 2015
J. Xu, Q. Zhang, M. Chen, X. Ge, J. Ren, and D. Qin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12593–12611, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12593-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12593-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Aerosols | Research Activity: Field Measurements | Altitude Range: Troposphere | Science Focus: Chemistry (chemical composition and reactions)
Significant role of biomass burning in heavy haze formation in Nanjing, a megacity in China: molecular-level insights from intensive PM2.5 sampling on winter hazy days
Widespread trace bromine and iodine in remote tropospheric non-sea-salt aerosols
Formation and chemical evolution of secondary organic aerosol in two different environments: a dual-chamber study
Technical note: Quantified organic aerosol subsaturated hygroscopicity by a simple optical scatter monitor system through field measurements
Measurement report: Oxidation potential of water-soluble aerosol components in the south and north of Beijing
Enhanced daytime secondary aerosol formation driven by gas–particle partitioning in downwind urban plumes
Understanding the mechanism and importance of brown carbon bleaching across the visible spectrum in biomass burning plumes from the WE-CAN campaign
Influence of terrestrial and marine air mass on the constituents and intermixing of bioaerosols over a coastal atmosphere
A multi-site passive approach to studying the emissions and evolution of smoke from prescribed fires
The annual cycle and sources of relevant aerosol precursor vapors in the central Arctic during the MOSAiC expedition
Opinion: How will advances in aerosol science inform our understanding of the health impacts of outdoor particulate pollution?
Measurement report: Intra-annual variability of black carbon and brown carbon and their interrelation with meteorological conditions over Gangtok, Sikkim
Long-range transport of air pollutants increases the concentration of hazardous components of PM2.5 in northern South America
Dominant influence of biomass combustion and cross-border transport on nitrogen-containing organic compound levels in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau
The Critical Role of Aqueous-Phase Processes in Aromatic-Derived Nitrogen-Containing Organic Aerosol Formation in Cities with Different Energy Consumption Patterns
Impacts of elevated anthropogenic emissions on physicochemical characteristics of black-carbon-containing particles over the Tibetan Plateau
Online characterization of primary and secondary emissions of particulate matter and acidic molecules from a modern fleet of city buses
Atmospheric evolution of environmentally persistent free radicals in the rural North China Plain: effects on water solubility and PM2.5 oxidative potential
Two distinct ship emission profiles for organic-sulfate source apportionment of PM in sulfur emission control areas
Automated compound speciation, cluster analysis, and quantification of organic vapors and aerosols using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
Measurement report: Occurrence of aminiums in PM2.5 during winter in China – aminium outbreak during polluted episodes and potential constraints
Bridging gas and aerosol properties between the northeastern US and Bermuda: analysis of eight transit flights
The behaviour of charged particles (ions) during new particle formation events in urban Leipzig, Germany
Sensitivity of aerosol and cloud properties to coupling strength of marine boundary layer clouds over the northwest Atlantic
Exploring the sources of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols by integrating observational and modeling results: insights from Northeast China
Characterization of atmospheric water-soluble brown carbon in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Canada
Measurement report: Characteristics of airborne black-carbon-containing particles during the 2021 summer COVID-19 lockdown in a typical Yangtze River Delta city, China
Aerosol optical properties within the atmospheric boundary layer predicted from ground-based observations compared to Raman lidar retrievals during RITA-2021
Hygroscopic growth and activation changed submicron aerosol composition and properties in the North China Plain
Measurement report: Formation of tropospheric brown carbon in a lifting air mass
Vertical variability of aerosol properties and trace gases over a remote marine region: a case study over Bermuda
Differences in aerosol and cloud properties along the central California coast when winds change from northerly to southerly
International airport emissions and their impact on local air quality: chemical speciation of ambient aerosols at Madrid–Barajas Airport during the AVIATOR campaign
The local ship speed reduction effect on black carbon emissions measured at a remote marine station
High-altitude aerosol chemical characterization and source identification: insights from the CALISHTO campaign
Measurement report: Impact of emission control measures on environmental persistent free radicals and reactive oxygen species – a short-term case study in Beijing
Characterizing water solubility of fresh and aged secondary organic aerosol in PM2.5 with the stable carbon isotope technique
Measurement report: Impact of cloud processes on secondary organic aerosols at a forested mountain site in southeastern China
Critical contribution of chemically diverse carbonyl molecules to the oxidative potential of atmospheric aerosols
Seasonal Investigation of Ultrafine Particle Composition in an Eastern Amazonian Rainforest
Measurement report: Vanadium-containing ship exhaust particles detected in and above the marine boundary layer in the remote atmosphere
Diverging trends in aerosol sulfate and nitrate measured in the remote North Atlantic in Barbados are attributed to clean air policies, African smoke, and anthropogenic emissions
Diverse sources and aging change the mixing state and ice nucleation properties of aerosol particles over the western Pacific and Southern Ocean
The water-insoluble organic carbon in PM2.5 of typical Chinese urban areas: light-absorbing properties, potential sources, radiative forcing effects, and a possible light-absorbing continuum
Measurement report: Size-resolved secondary organic aerosol formation modulated by aerosol water uptake in wintertime haze
Observations of high time-resolution and size-resolved aerosol chemical composition and microphyscis in the central Arctic: implications for climate-relevant particle properties
Brown carbon aerosol in rural Germany: sources, chemistry, and diurnal variations
In situ measurement of organic aerosol molecular markers in urban Hong Kong during a summer period: temporal variations and source apportionment
Technical note: Determining chemical composition of atmospheric single particles by a standard-free mass calibration algorithm
Different formation pathways of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in aerosols and fog water in northern China
Mingjie Kang, Mengying Bao, Wenhuai Song, Aduburexiati Abulimiti, Changliu Wu, Fang Cao, Sönke Szidat, and Yanlin Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 73–91, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-73-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-73-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Reports on molecular-level knowledge of high-temporal-resolution particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) on hazy days are limited. We investigated various PM2.5 species and their sources. The results show biomass burning (BB) was the main source of organic carbon. Moreover, BB enhanced fungal spore emissions and secondary aerosol formation. The contribution of non-fossil sources increased with increasing haze pollution, suggesting BB may be an important driver of haze events in winter.
Gregory P. Schill, Karl D. Froyd, Daniel M. Murphy, Christina J. Williamson, Charles A. Brock, Tomás Sherwen, Mat J. Evans, Eric A. Ray, Eric C. Apel, Rebecca S. Hornbrook, Alan J. Hills, Jeff Peischl, Thomas B. Ryerson, Chelsea R. Thompson, Ilann Bourgeois, Donald R. Blake, Joshua P. DiGangi, and Glenn S. Diskin
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 45–71, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-45-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-45-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using single-particle mass spectrometry, we show that trace concentrations of bromine and iodine are ubiquitous in remote tropospheric aerosol and suggest that aerosols are an important part of the global reactive iodine budget. Comparisons to a global climate model with detailed iodine chemistry are favorable in the background atmosphere; however, the model cannot replicate our measurements near the ocean surface, in biomass burning plumes, and in the stratosphere.
Andreas Aktypis, Dontavious J. Sippial, Christina N. Vasilakopoulou, Angeliki Matrali, Christos Kaltsonoudis, Andrea Simonati, Marco Paglione, Matteo Rinaldi, Stefano Decesari, and Spyros N. Pandis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13769–13791, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13769-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13769-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A dual-chamber system was deployed in two different environments (Po Valley, Italy, and Pertouli forest, Greece) to study the potential of ambient air directly injected into the chambers, to form secondary organic aerosol (SOA). In the Po Valley, the system reacts rapidly, forming large amounts of SOA, while in Pertouli the SOA formation chemistry appears to have been practically terminated before the beginning of most experiments, so there is little additional SOA formation potential left.
Jie Zhang, Tianyu Zhu, Alexandra Catena, Yaowei Li, Margaret J. Schwab, Pengfei Liu, Akua Asa-Awuku, and James Schwab
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13445–13456, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13445-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13445-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows the derived organic aerosol hygroscopicity under high-humidity conditions based on a simple optical scatter monitor system, including two nephelometric monitors (pDR-1500), when the aerosol chemical composition is already known.
Wei Yuan, Ru-Jin Huang, Chao Luo, Lu Yang, Wenjuan Cao, Jie Guo, and Huinan Yang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13219–13230, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13219-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13219-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We characterized water-soluble oxidative potential (OP) levels in wintertime PM2.5 in the south and north of Beijing. Our results show that the volume-normalized dithiothreitol (DTTv) in the north was comparable to that in the south, while the mass-normalized dithiothreitol (DTTm) in the north was almost twice that in the south. Traffic-related emissions and biomass burning were the main sources of DTTv in the south, and traffic-related emissions contributed the most to DTTv in the north.
Mingfu Cai, Chenshuo Ye, Bin Yuan, Shan Huang, E Zheng, Suxia Yang, Zelong Wang, Yi Lin, Tiange Li, Weiwei Hu, Wei Chen, Qicong Song, Wei Li, Yuwen Peng, Baoling Liang, Qibin Sun, Jun Zhao, Duohong Chen, Jiaren Sun, Zhiyong Yang, and Min Shao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 13065–13079, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13065-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-13065-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated the daytime secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation in urban plumes. We observed a significant daytime SOA formation through gas–particle partitioning when the site was affected by urban plumes. A box model simulation indicated that urban pollutants (nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compounds) could enhance the oxidizing capacity, while the elevated volatile organic compounds were mainly responsible for promoting daytime SOA formation.
Yingjie Shen, Rudra P. Pokhrel, Amy P. Sullivan, Ezra J. T. Levin, Lauren A. Garofalo, Delphine K. Farmer, Wade Permar, Lu Hu, Darin W. Toohey, Teresa Campos, Emily V. Fischer, and Shane M. Murphy
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12881–12901, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12881-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12881-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The magnitude and evolution of brown carbon (BrC) absorption remain unclear, with uncertainty in climate models. Data from the WE-CAN airborne experiment show that model parameterizations overestimate the mass absorption cross section (MAC) of BrC. Observed decreases in BrC absorption with chemical markers are due to decreasing organic aerosol (OA) mass rather than a decreasing BrC MAC, which is currently implemented in models. Water-soluble BrC contributes 23 % of total absorption at 660 nm.
Qun He, Zhaowen Wang, Houfeng Liu, Pengju Xu, Rongbao Duan, Caihong Xu, Jianmin Chen, and Min Wei
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12775–12792, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12775-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12775-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal environments provide an ideal setting for investigating the intermixing of terrestrial and marine aerosols. Terrestrial air mass constituted a larger number of microbes from anthropogenic and soil emissions, whereas saprophytic and gut microbes were predominant in marine samples. Mixed air masses indicated a fusion of marine and terrestrial aerosols, characterized by alterations in the ratio of pathogenic and saprophytic microbes when compared to either terrestrial or marine samples.
Rime El Asmar, Zongrun Li, David J. Tanner, Yongtao Hu, Susan O'Neill, L. Gregory Huey, M. Talat Odman, and Rodney J. Weber
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12749–12773, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12749-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12749-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Prescribed burning is an important method for managing ecosystems and preventing wildfires. However, smoke from prescribed fires can have a significant impact on air quality. Here, using a network of fixed sites and sampling throughout an extended prescribed burning period in 2 different years, we characterize emissions and evolutions of up to 8 h of PM2.5 mass, black carbon (BC), and brown carbon (BrC) in smoke from burning of forested lands in the southeastern USA.
Matthew Boyer, Diego Aliaga, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Silvia Bucci, Hélène Angot, Lubna Dada, Benjamin Heutte, Lisa Beck, Marina Duetsch, Andreas Stohl, Ivo Beck, Tiia Laurila, Nina Sarnela, Roseline C. Thakur, Branka Miljevic, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petäjä, Mikko Sipilä, Julia Schmale, and Tuija Jokinen
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 12595–12621, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12595-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12595-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyze the seasonal cycle and sources of gases that are relevant for the formation of aerosol particles in the central Arctic. Since theses gases can form new particles, they can influence Arctic climate. We show that the sources of these gases are associated with changes in the Arctic environment during the year, especially with respect to sea ice. Therefore, the concentration of these gases will likely change in the future as the Arctic continues to warm.
Imad El Haddad, Danielle Vienneau, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Robin Modini, Jay G. Slowik, Abhishek Upadhyay, Petros N. Vasilakos, David Bell, Kees de Hoogh, and Andre S. H. Prevot
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11981–12011, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11981-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11981-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This opinion paper explores how advances in aerosol science inform our understanding of the health impacts of outdoor particulate pollution. We advocate for a shift in the way we target PM pollution, focusing on the most harmful anthropogenic emissions. We highlight key observations, modelling developments, and emission measurements needed to achieve this shift.
Pramod Kumar, Khushboo Sharma, Ankita Malu, Rajeev Rajak, Aparna Gupta, Bidyutjyoti Baruah, Shailesh Yadav, Thupstan Angchuk, Jayant Sharma, Rakesh Kumar Ranjan, Anil Kumar Misra, and Nishchal Wanjari
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11585–11601, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11585-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11585-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This work monitors and assesses air pollution, especially black and brown carbon, its controlling factor, and its effect on the environment of Sikkim Himalayan region. The huge urban sprawl in recent decades has led to regional human-induced air pollution in the region. Black carbon was highest in April 2021 and March 2022, exceeding the WHO limit. The monsoon season causes huge rainfall over the region, which reduces the pollutants by scavenging (rainout and washout).
Maria P. Velásquez-García, K. Santiago Hernández, James A. Vergara-Correa, Richard J. Pope, Miriam Gómez-Marín, and Angela M. Rendón
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11497–11520, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11497-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11497-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In the Aburrá Valley, northern South America, local emissions determine air quality conditions. However, we found that external sources, such as regional fires, Saharan dust, and volcanic emissions, increase particulate concentrations and worsen chemical composition by introducing elements like heavy metals. Dry winds and source variability contribute to seasonal influences on these events. This study assesses the air quality risks posed by such events, which can affect broad regions worldwide.
Meng Wang, Qiyuan Wang, Steven Sai Hang Ho, Jie Tian, Yong Zhang, Shun-cheng Lee, and Junji Cao
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11175–11189, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11175-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11175-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We studied nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOCs) in particulate matter <2.5 µm particles on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. We found that biomass burning and transboundary transport are the main sources of NOCs in the high-altitude area. Understanding these aerosol sources informs how they add to regional and potentially global climate changes. Our findings could help shape effective environmental policies to enhance air quality and address climate impacts in this sensitive region.
Yi-Jia Ma, Yu Xu, Ting Yang, Lin Gui, Hong-Wei Xiao, Hao Xiao, and Hua-Yun Xiao
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2602, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2602, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The abundance, potential precursors, and main formation mechanisms of NOCs in PM2.5 during winter were compared among cities with different energy consumption. We found that the aerosol NOC pollution during winter is closely associated with the intensity of precursor emissions and the efficiency of aqueous-phase processes in converting these emissions into NOCs. The overall results highlight the importance of emission reduction strategies in controlling aerosol NOCs pollution during winter.
Jinbo Wang, Jiaping Wang, Yuxuan Zhang, Tengyu Liu, Xuguang Chi, Xin Huang, Dafeng Ge, Shiyi Lai, Caijun Zhu, Lei Wang, Qiaozhi Zha, Ximeng Qi, Wei Nie, Congbin Fu, and Aijun Ding
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11063–11080, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11063-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11063-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we found large spatial discrepancies in the physical and chemical properties of black carbon over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Elevated anthropogenic emissions from low-altitude regions can significantly change the mass concentration, mixing state and chemical composition of black-carbon-containing aerosol in the TP region, further altering its light absorption ability. Our study emphasizes the vulnerability of remote plateau regions to intense anthropogenic influences.
Liyuan Zhou, Qianyun Liu, Christian M. Salvador, Michael Le Breton, Mattias Hallquist, Jian Zhen Yu, Chak K. Chan, and Åsa M. Hallquist
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11045–11061, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11045-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11045-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Our research on city bus emissions reveals that alternative fuels (compressed natural gas and biofuels) reduce fresh particle emissions compared to diesel. However, all fuels lead to secondary air pollution. Aiming at guiding better environmental policies, we studied 76 buses using advanced emission measurement techniques. This work sheds light on the complex effects of bus fuels on urban air quality, emphasizing the need for comprehensive evaluations of future transportation technologies.
Xu Yang, Fobang Liu, Shuqi Yang, Yuling Yang, Yanan Wang, Jingjing Li, Mingyu Zhao, Zhao Wang, Kai Wang, Chi He, and Haijie Tong
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 11029–11043, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11029-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-11029-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
A study in the rural North China Plain showed environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) in atmospheric particulate matter (PM), with a notable water-soluble fraction likely from atmospheric oxidation during transport. Significant positive correlations between EPFRs and the water-soluble oxidative potential of PM2.5 were found, primarily attributable to the water-soluble fractions of EPFRs. These findings emphasize understanding EPFRs' atmospheric evolution for climate and health impacts.
Kirsten N. Fossum, Chunshui Lin, Niall O'Sullivan, Lu Lei, Stig Hellebust, Darius Ceburnis, Aqeel Afzal, Anja Tremper, David Green, Srishti Jain, Steigvilė Byčenkienė, Colin O'Dowd, John Wenger, and Jurgita Ovadnevaite
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10815–10831, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10815-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10815-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition and sources of submicron aerosol in the Dublin Port area were investigated over a month-long campaign. Two distinct types of ship emissions were identified and characterised: sulfate-rich plumes from the use of heavy fuel oil with scrubbers and organic-rich plumes from the use of low-sulfur fuels. The latter were more frequent, emitting double the particle number and having a typical V / Ni ratio for ship emission.
Xiao He, Xuan Zheng, Shuwen Guo, Lewei Zeng, Ting Chen, Bohan Yang, Shupei Xiao, Qiongqiong Wang, Zhiyuan Li, Yan You, Shaojun Zhang, and Ye Wu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10655–10666, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10655-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10655-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study introduces an innovative method for identifying and quantifying complex organic vapors and aerosols. By combining advanced analytical techniques and new algorithms, we categorized thousands of compounds from heavy-duty diesel vehicles and ambient air and highlighted specific tracers for emission sources. The innovative approach enhances peak identification, reduces quantification uncertainties, and offers new insights for air quality management and atmospheric chemistry.
Yu Xu, Tang Liu, Yi-Jia Ma, Qi-Bin Sun, Hong-Wei Xiao, Hao Xiao, Hua-Yun Xiao, and Cong-Qiang Liu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10531–10542, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10531-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10531-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates the characteristics of aminiums and ammonium in PM2.5 on clean and polluted winter days in 11 Chinese cities, highlighting the possibility of the competitive uptake of ammonia versus amines on acidic aerosols or the displacement of aminiums by ammonia under high-ammonia conditions. The overall results deepen the understanding of the spatiotemporal differences in aminium characteristics and formation in China.
Cassidy Soloff, Taiwo Ajayi, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, Francesca Gallo, Johnathan W. Hair, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Simon Kirschler, Richard H. Moore, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10385–10408, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10385-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10385-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using aircraft measurements over the northwestern Atlantic between the US East Coast and Bermuda and trajectory modeling of continental outflow, we identify trace gas and particle properties that exhibit gradients with offshore distance and quantify these changes with high-resolution measurements of concentrations and particle chemistry, size, and scattering properties. This work furthers our understanding of the complex interactions between continental and marine environments.
Alex Rowell, James Brean, David C. S. Beddows, Zongbo Shi, Avinash Kumar, Matti Rissanen, Miikka Dal Maso, Peter Mettke, Kay Weinhold, Maik Merkel, and Roy M. Harrison
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 10349–10361, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10349-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-10349-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ions enhance the formation and growth rates of new particles, affecting the Earth's radiation budget. Despite these effects, there is little published data exploring the sources of ions in the urban environment and their role in new particle formation (NPF). Here we show that natural ion sources dominate in urban environments, while traffic is a secondary source. Ions contribute up to 12.7 % of the formation rate of particles, indicating that they are important for forming urban PM.
Kira Zeider, Kayla McCauley, Sanja Dmitrovic, Leong Wai Siu, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Simon Kirschler, John B. Nowak, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, Paquita Zuidema, and Armin Sorooshian
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2743, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2743, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In-situ aircraft data collected over the northwest Atlantic Ocean are utilized to compare aerosol conditions and turbulence between near-surface and below cloud base altitudes for different regimes of coupling strength between those two levels, along with how cloud microphysical properties vary across those regimes. Stronger coupling yields more homogenous aerosol structure vertically along with higher cloud drop concentrations and sea salt influence in clouds.
Yuan Cheng, Xu-bing Cao, Sheng-qiang Zhu, Zhi-qing Zhang, Jiu-meng Liu, Hong-liang Zhang, Qiang Zhang, and Ke-bin He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9869–9883, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9869-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9869-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The agreement between observational and modeling results is essential for the development of efficient air pollution control strategies. Here we constrained the modeling results of carbonaceous aerosols by field observation in Northeast China, a historically overlooked but recently targeted region of national clean-air actions. Our study suggested that the simulation of agricultural fire emissions and secondary organic aerosols remains challenging.
Dane Blanchard, Mark Gordon, Duc Huy Dang, Paul Andrew Makar, and Julian Aherne
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2584, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2584, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study offers the first known evaluation of water-soluble brown carbon aerosols in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR), Canada. Fluorescence spectroscopy analysis of aerosol samples from five regional sites (summer 2021) found that oil sands operations were a measurable source of brown carbon. Industrial aerosol emissions may impact atmospheric reaction chemistry and albedo. These findings demonstrate that fluorescence spectroscopy can be applied to monitor brown carbon in the ASOR.
Yuan Dai, Junfeng Wang, Houjun Wang, Shijie Cui, Yunjiang Zhang, Haiwei Li, Yun Wu, Ming Wang, Eleonora Aruffo, and Xinlei Ge
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9733–9748, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9733-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9733-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Short-term strict emission control can improve air quality, but its effectiveness needs assessment. During the 2021 summer COVID-19 lockdown in Yangzhou, we found that PM2.5 levels did not decrease despite reduced primary emissions. Aged black-carbon particles increased substantially due to higher O3 levels and transported pollutants. High humidity and low wind also played key roles. The results highlight the importance of a regionally balanced control strategy for future air quality management.
Xinya Liu, Diego Alves Gouveia, Bas Henzing, Arnoud Apituley, Arjan Hensen, Danielle van Dinther, Rujin Huang, and Ulrike Dusek
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9597–9614, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9597-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9597-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The vertical distribution of aerosol optical properties is important for their effect on climate. This is usually measured by lidar, which has limitations, most notably the assumption of a lidar ratio. Our study shows that routine surface-level aerosol measurements are able to predict this lidar ratio reasonably well within the lower layers of the atmosphere and thus provide a relatively simple and cost-effective method to improve lidar measurements.
Weiqi Xu, Ye Kuang, Wanyun Xu, Zhiqiang Zhang, Biao Luo, Xiaoyi Zhang, Jiangchuang Tao, Hongqin Qiao, Li Liu, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9387–9399, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9387-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9387-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We deployed an advanced aerosol–fog sampling system at a rural site in the North China Plain to investigate impacts of aerosol hygroscopic growth and activation on the physicochemical properties of submicron aerosols. Observed results highlighted remarkably different aqueous processing of primary and secondary submicron aerosol components under distinct ambient relative humidity (RH) conditions and that RH levels significantly impact aerosol sampling through the aerosol swelling effect.
Can Wu, Xiaodi Liu, Ke Zhang, Si Zhang, Cong Cao, Jianjun Li, Rui Li, Fan Zhang, and Gehui Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9263–9275, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9263-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9263-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Brown carbon (BrC) is prevalent in the troposphere and can efficiently absorb solar and terrestrial radiation. Our observations show that the enhanced light absorption of BrC relative to black carbon at the tropopause can be attributed to the formation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds through the aqueous-phase reactions of carbonyls with ammonium.
Taiwo Ajayi, Yonghoon Choi, Ewan C. Crosbie, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Marta A. Fenn, Richard A. Ferrare, Johnathan W. Hair, Miguel Ricardo A. Hilario, Chris A. Hostetler, Simon Kirschler, Richard H. Moore, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Cassidy Soloff, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Christiane Voigt, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9197–9218, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9197-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9197-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses airborne data to examine vertical profiles of trace gases, aerosol particles, and meteorological variables over a remote marine area (Bermuda). Results show distinct differences based on both air mass source region (North America, Ocean, Caribbean/North Africa) and altitude for a given air mass type. This work highlights the sensitivity of remote marine areas to long-range transport and the importance of considering the vertical dependence of trace gas and aerosol properties.
Kira Zeider, Grace Betito, Anthony Bucholtz, Peng Xian, Annette Walker, and Armin Sorooshian
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9059–9083, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9059-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9059-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The predominant wind direction along the California coast (northerly) reverses several times during the summer (to southerly). The effects of these wind reversals on aerosol and cloud characteristics are not well understood. Using data from multiple datasets we found that southerly flow periods had enhanced signatures of anthropogenic emissions due to shipping and continental sources, and clouds had more but smaller droplets.
Saleh Alzahrani, Doğuşhan Kılıç, Michael Flynn, Paul I. Williams, and James Allan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9045–9058, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9045-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-9045-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates emissions from aviation activities at an international airport to evaluate their impact on local air quality. The study provides detailed insights into the chemical composition of aerosols and key pollutants in the airport environment. Source apportionment analysis using positive matrix factorisation (PMF) identified three significant sources: less oxidised oxygenated organic aerosol, alkane organic aerosol, and more oxidised oxygenated organic aerosol.
Mikko Heikkilä, Krista Luoma, Timo Mäkelä, and Tiia Grönholm
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8927–8941, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8927-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8927-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Black carbon (BC) concentration was measured from 211 ship exhaust gas plumes at a remote marine station. Emission factors of BC were calculated in grams per kilogram of fuel. Ships with an exhaust gas cleaning system (EGCS) were found to have median BC emissions per fuel consumed 5 times lower than ships without an EGCS. However, this might be because of non-EGCS ships running at low engine loads rather than the EGCS itself. A local speed restriction would increase BC emissions of ships.
Olga Zografou, Maria Gini, Prodromos Fetfatzis, Konstantinos Granakis, Romanos Foskinis, Manousos Ioannis Manousakas, Fotios Tsopelas, Evangelia Diapouli, Eleni Dovrou, Christina N. Vasilakopoulou, Alexandros Papayannis, Spyros N. Pandis, Athanasios Nenes, and Konstantinos Eleftheriadis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8911–8926, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8911-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8911-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Characterization of PM1 and positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment of organic and inorganic fractions were conducted at the high-altitude station (HAC)2. Cloud presence reduced PM1, affecting sulfate more than organics. Free-troposphere (FT) conditions showed more black carbon (eBC) than planetary boundary layer (PBL) conditions.
Yuanyuan Qin, Xinghua Zhang, Wei Huang, Juanjuan Qin, Xiaoyu Hu, Yuxuan Cao, Tianyi Zhao, Yang Zhang, Jihua Tan, Ziyin Zhang, Xinming Wang, and Zhenzhen Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8737–8750, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8737-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8737-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and reactive oxygen species (ROSs) play an active role in the atmosphere. Despite control measures having effectively reduced their emissions, reductions were less than in PM2.5. Emission control measures performed well in achieving Parade Blue, but reducing the impact of the atmosphere on human health remains challenging. Thus, there is a need to reassess emission control measures to better address the challenges posed by EPFRs and ROSs.
Fenghua Wei, Xing Peng, Liming Cao, Mengxue Tang, Ning Feng, Xiaofeng Huang, and Lingyan He
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8507–8518, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8507-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8507-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The water solubility of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) is a crucial factor in determining their hygroscopicity and climatic impact. Stable carbon isotope and mass spectrometry techniques were combined to assess the water solubility of SOAs with different aging degrees in a coastal megacity in China. This work revealed a much higher water-soluble fraction of aged SOA compared to fresh SOA, indicating that the aging degree of SOA has considerable impacts on its water solubility.
Zijun Zhang, Weiqi Xu, Yi Zhang, Wei Zhou, Xiangyu Xu, Aodong Du, Yinzhou Zhang, Hongqin Qiao, Ye Kuang, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, Xueling Cheng, Lanzhong Liu, Qingyan Fu, Douglas R. Worsnop, Jie Li, and Yele Sun
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8473–8488, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8473-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8473-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigated aerosol composition and sources and the interaction between secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and clouds at a regional mountain site in southeastern China. Clouds efficiently scavenge more oxidized SOA; however, cloud evaporation leads to the production of less oxidized SOA. The unexpectedly high presence of nitrate in aerosol particles indicates that nitrate formed in polluted areas has undergone interactions with clouds, significantly influencing the regional background site.
Feifei Li, Shanshan Tang, Jitao Lv, Shiyang Yu, Xu Sun, Dong Cao, Yawei Wang, and Guibin Jiang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8397–8411, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8397-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8397-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Targeted derivatization and non-targeted analysis with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) were used to reveal the molecular composition of carbonyl molecules in PM2.5, and the important role of carbonyls in increasing the oxidative potential of organic aerosol was found in real samples.
Adam E. Thomas, Hayley S. Glicker, Alex B. Guenther, Roger Seco, Oscar Vega Bustillos, Julio Tota, Rodrigo A. F. Souza, and James N. Smith
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2230, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-2230, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present measurements of the composition of ultrafine particles collected from the eastern Amazon, a relatively understudied region that is subjected to increasing human influence. We find that while isoprene chemistry is likely significant to ultrafine particle growth throughout the year, compounds related to other sources such as biological spore emissions and biomass burning exhibit striking seasonal differences, implying an extensive variation in regional ultrafine particle sources.
Maya Abou-Ghanem, Daniel M. Murphy, Gregory P. Schill, Michael J. Lawler, and Karl D. Froyd
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8263–8275, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8263-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8263-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Using particle analysis by laser mass spectrometry, we examine vanadium-containing ship exhaust particles measured on NASA's DC-8 during the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom). Our results reveal ship exhaust particles are sufficiently widespread in the marine atmosphere and experience atmospheric aging. Finally, we use laboratory calibrations to determine the vanadium, sulfate, and organic single-particle mass fractions of vanadium-containing ship exhaust particles.
Cassandra J. Gaston, Joseph M. Prospero, Kristen Foley, Havala O. T. Pye, Lillian Custals, Edmund Blades, Peter Sealy, and James A. Christie
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8049–8066, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8049-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8049-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
To understand how changing emissions have impacted aerosols in remote regions, we measured nitrate and sulfate in Barbados and compared them to model predictions from EPA’s Air QUAlity TimE Series (EQUATES). Nitrate was stable, except for spikes in 2008 and 2010 due to transported smoke. Sulfate decreased in the 1990s due to reductions in sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the US and Europe; then it increased in the 2000s, likely due to anthropogenic emissions from Africa.
Jiao Xue, Tian Zhang, Keyhong Park, Jinpei Yan, Young Jun Yoon, Jiyeon Park, and Bingbing Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7731–7754, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7731-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7731-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ice formation by particles is an important way of making mixed-phase and ice clouds. We found that particles collected in the marine atmosphere exhibit diverse ice nucleation abilities and mixing states. Sea salt mixed-sulfate particles were enriched in ice-nucleating particles. Selective aging on sea salt particles made particle populations more externally mixed. Characterizations of particles and their mixing state are needed for a better understanding of aerosol–cloud interactions.
Yangzhi Mo, Jun Li, Guangcai Zhong, Sanyuan Zhu, Shizhen Zhao, Jiao Tang, Hongxing Jiang, Zhineng Cheng, Chongguo Tian, Yingjun Chen, and Gan Zhang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7755–7772, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7755-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7755-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we found that biomass burning (31.0 %) and coal combustion (31.1 %) were the dominant sources of water-insoluble organic carbon in China, with coal combustion sources exhibiting the strongest light-absorbing capacity. Additionally, we propose a light-absorbing carbonaceous continuum, revealing that components enriched with fossil sources tend to have stronger light-absorbing capacity, higher aromaticity, higher molecular weights, and greater recalcitrance in the atmosphere.
Jing Duan, Ru-Jin Huang, Ying Wang, Wei Xu, Haobin Zhong, Chunshui Lin, Wei Huang, Yifang Gu, Jurgita Ovadnevaite, Darius Ceburnis, and Colin O'Dowd
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7687–7698, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7687-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7687-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition of atmospheric particles has shown significant changes in recent years. We investigated the potential effects of changes in inorganics on aerosol water uptake and, thus, secondary organic aerosol formation in wintertime haze based on the size-resolved measurements of non-refractory fine particulate matter (NR-PM2.5) in Xi’an, northwestern China. We highlight the key role of aerosol water as a medium to link inorganics and organics in their multiphase processes.
Benjamin Heutte, Nora Bergner, Hélène Angot, Jakob B. Pernov, Lubna Dada, Jessica A. Mirrielees, Ivo Beck, Andrea Baccarini, Matthew Boyer, Jessie M. Creamean, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Imad El Haddad, Markus M. Frey, Silvia Henning, Tiaa Laurila, Vaios Moschos, Tuukka Petäjä, Kerri A. Pratt, Lauriane L. J. Quéléver, Matthew D. Shupe, Paul Zieger, Tuija Jokinen, and Julia Schmale
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1912, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1912, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Limited aerosol measurements in the central Arctic hinder our understanding of aerosol-climate interactions in the region. Our year-long observations of aerosol physicochemical properties during the MOSAiC expedition reveal strong seasonal variations in aerosol chemical composition, where the short-term variability is heavily affected by storms in the Arctic. Locally wind-generated particles are shown to be an important source of cloud seeds, especially in autumn.
Feng Jiang, Harald Saathoff, Junwei Song, Hengheng Zhang, Linyu Gao, and Thomas Leisner
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1848, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1848, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The chemical composition of brown carbon in the particle and gas phase were determined by mass spectrometry. BrC in the gas phase was mainly controlled by secondary formation and particle-to-gas partitioning. BrC in the particle phase was mainly from secondary formation. This work helps to get a better understanding of diurnal variations and the sources of brown carbon aerosol at rural location in central Europe.
Hongyong Li, Xiaopu Lyu, Likun Xue, Yunxi Huo, Dawen Yao, Haoxian Lu, and Hai Guo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7085–7100, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7085-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7085-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Organic aerosol is ubiquitous in the atmosphere and largely explains the gap between current levels of fine particulate matter in many cities and the World Health Organization guideline values. This study highlights the dominant contributions of cooking emissions to organic aerosol when marine air prevailed in Hong Kong, which were occasionally overwhelmed by aromatics-derived secondary organic aerosol in continental ouflows.
Shao Shi, Jinghao Zhai, Xin Yang, Yechun Ruan, Yuanlong Huang, Xujian Chen, Antai Zhang, Jianhuai Ye, Guomao Zheng, Baohua Cai, Yaling Zeng, Yixiang Wang, Chunbo Xing, Yujie Zhang, Tzung-May Fu, Lei Zhu, Huizhong Shen, and Chen Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 7001–7012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7001-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-7001-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The determination of ions in the mass spectra of individual particles remains uncertain. We have developed a standard-free mass calibration algorithm applicable to more than 98 % of ambient particles. With our algorithm, ions with ~ 0.05 Th mass difference could be determined. Therefore, many more atmospheric species could be determined and involved in the source apportionment of aerosols, the study of chemical reaction mechanisms, and the analysis of single-particle mixing states.
Wei Sun, Xiaodong Hu, Yuzhen Fu, Guohua Zhang, Yujiao Zhu, Xinfeng Wang, Caiqing Yan, Likun Xue, He Meng, Bin Jiang, Yuhong Liao, Xinming Wang, Ping'an Peng, and Xinhui Bi
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 6987–6999, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6987-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-6987-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The formation pathways of nitrogen-containing compounds (NOCs) in the atmosphere remain unclear. We investigated the composition of aerosols and fog water by state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and compared the formation pathways of NOCs. We found that NOCs in aerosols were mainly formed through nitration reaction, while ammonia addition played a more important role in fog water. The results deepen our understanding of the processes of organic particulate pollution.
Cited articles
Aiona, P. K., Lee, H. J., Leslie, R., Lin, P., Laskin, A., Laskin, J., and
Nizkorodov, S. A.: Photochemistry of Products of the Aqueous Reaction of
Methylglyoxal with Ammonium Sulfate, ACS Earth Sp. Chem., 1, 522–532,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00075, 2017.
Andreae, M. O. and Gelencsér, A.: Black carbon or brown carbon? The nature of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3131–3148, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3131-2006, 2006.
Barsotti, F., Ghigo, G., and Vione, D.: Computational assessment of the
fluorescence emission of phenol oligomers: A possible insight into the
fluorescence properties of humic-like substances (HULIS), J. Photoch.
Photobio. A, 315, 87–93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2015.09.012, 2016.
Baylon, P., Jaffe, D. A., Hall, S. R., Ullmann, K., Alvarado, M. J., and
Lefer, B. L.: Impact of Biomass Burning Plumes on Photolysis Rates and Ozone
Formation at the Mount Bachelor Observatory, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123,
2272–2284, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jd027341, 2018.
Bikkina, S. and Sarin, M.: Brown carbon in the continental outflow to the
North Indian Ocean, Environ. Sci.-Proc. Imp., 21, 970–987, https://doi.org/10.1039/c9em00089e, 2019.
Birdwell, J. E. and Engel, A. S.: Characterization of dissolved organic
matter in cave and spring waters using UV–Vis absorbance and fluorescence
spectroscopy, Org. Geochem., 41, 270–280, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.11.002, 2010.
Borrás, E. and Tortajada-Genaro, L. A.: Secondary organic aerosol
formation from the photo-oxidation of benzene, Atmos. Environ., 47, 154–163,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.11.020, 2012.
Browne, E. C., Zhang, X., Franklin, J. P., Ridley, K. J., Kirchstetter, T.
W., Wilson, K. R., Cappa, C. D., and Kroll, J. H.: Effect of heterogeneous
oxidative aging on light absorption by biomass burning organic aerosol,
Aerosol Sci. Tech., 53, 663–674, https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2019.1599321, 2019.
Cai, J., Zeng, X., Zhi, G., Gligorovski, S., Sheng, G., Yu, Z., Wang, X., and Peng, P.: Molecular composition and photochemical evolution of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) extracted from field biomass burning aerosols using high-resolution mass spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6115–6128, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6115-2020, 2020.
Canagaratna, M. R., Jimenez, J. L., Kroll, J. H., Chen, Q., Kessler, S. H., Massoli, P., Hildebrandt Ruiz, L., Fortner, E., Williams, L. R., Wilson, K. R., Surratt, J. D., Donahue, N. M., Jayne, J. T., and Worsnop, D. R.: Elemental ratio measurements of organic compounds using aerosol mass spectrometry: characterization, improved calibration, and implications, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 253–272, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-253-2015, 2015.
Cao, T., Li, M., Zou, C., Fan, X., Song, J., Jia, W., Yu, C., Yu, Z., and Peng, P.: Chemical composition, optical properties, and oxidative potential of water- and methanol-soluble organic compounds emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and coal, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 13187–13205, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-13187-2021, 2021.
Chen, Q., Miyazaki, Y., Kawamura, K., Matsumoto, K., Coburn, S., Volkamer,
R., Iwamoto, Y., Kagami, S., Deng, Y., Ogawa, S., Ramasamy, S., Kato, S.,
Ida, A., Kajii, Y., and Mochida, M.: Characterization of Chromophoric
Water-Soluble Organic Matter in Urban, Forest, and Marine Aerosols by
HR-ToF-AMS Analysis and Excitation-Emission Matrix Spectroscopy, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 50, 10351–10360, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01643, 2016.
Chen, Q., Li, J., Hua, X., Jiang, X., Mu, Z., Wang, M., Wang, J., Shan, M.,
Yang, X., Fan, X., Song, J., Wang, Y., Guan, D., and Du, L.: Identification
of species and sources of atmospheric chromophores by fluorescence
excitation-emission matrix with parallel factor analysis, Sci. Total
Environ., 718, 137322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137322, 2020.
Chen, Q., Hua, X., Li, J., Chang, T., and Wang, Y.: Diurnal evolutions and
sources of water-soluble chromophoric aerosols over Xi'an during haze event,
in Northwest China, Sci. Total Environ., 786, 147412, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147412, 2021.
Chen, W., Westerhoff, P., Leenheer, J. A., and Booksh, K.: Fluorescence
excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for
dissolved organic matter, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 5701–5710, https://doi.org/10.1021/es034354c, 2003.
Chen, Y. and Bond, T. C.: Light absorption by organic carbon from wood combustion, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 1773–1787, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-1773-2010, 2010.
Chen, Y., Ge, X., Chen, H., Xie, X., Chen, Y., Wang, J., Ye, Z., Bao, M.,
Zhang, Y., and Chen, M.: Seasonal light absorption properties of
water-soluble brown carbon in atmospheric fine particles in Nanjing, China,
Atmos. Environ., 187, 230–240, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.06.002, 2018.
Chen, Y., Xie, X., Shi, Z., Li, Y., Gai, X., Wang, J., Li, H., Wu, Y., Zhao,
X., Chen, M., and Ge, X.: Brown carbon in atmospheric fine particles in
Yangzhou, China: Light absorption properties and source apportionment,
Atmos. Res., 244, 105028, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105028, 2020.
Cheng, Y., He, K.-b., Du, Z.-y., Engling, G., Liu, J.-m., Ma, Y.-l., Zheng,
M., and Weber, R. J.: The characteristics of brown carbon aerosol during
winter in Beijing, Atmos. Environ., 127, 355–364, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.035, 2016.
Cheng, Y., He, K. B., Engling, G., Weber, R., Liu, J. M., Du, Z. Y., and
Dong, S. P.: Brown and black carbon in Beijing aerosol: Implications for the
effects of brown coating on light absorption by black carbon, Sci. Total
Environ., 599–600, 1047–1055, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.061, 2017.
Chhabra, P. S., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Elemental analysis of chamber organic aerosol using an aerodyne high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4111–4131, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4111-2010, 2010.
Choudhary, V., Rajput, P., and Gupta, T.: Absorption properties and forcing
efficiency of light-absorbing water-soluble organic aerosols: Seasonal and
spatial variability, Environ. Pollut., 272, 115932, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115932, 2021.
Choudhary, V., Gupta, T., and Zhao, R.: Evolution of Brown Carbon Aerosols
during Atmospheric Long-Range Transport in the South Asian Outflow and
Himalayan Cryosphere, ACS Earth Sp. Chem., 6, 2335–2347, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00047, 2022.
Chow, J. C., Watson, J. G., Chen, L. W., Chang, M. C., Robinson, N. F.,
Trimble, D., and Kohl, S.: The IMPROVE_A temperature protocol
for thermal/optical carbon analysis: maintaining consistency with a
long-term database, J. Air Waste Manage., 57, 1014–1023, https://doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.57.9.1014, 2007.
Cox, J. S., Smith, D. S., Warren, L. A., and Ferris, F. G.: Characterizing
Heterogeneous Bacterial Surface Functional Groups Using Discrete Affinity
Spectra for Proton Binding, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33, 4514–4521,
https://doi.org/10.1021/es990627l, 1999.
Dao, X., Di, S., Zhang, X., Gao, P., Wang, L., Yan, L., Tang, G., He, L.,
Krafft, T., and Zhang, F.: Composition and sources of particulate matter in
the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surrounding areas during the
heating season, Chemosphere, 291, 132779, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132779, 2022.
Deng, J., Ma, H., Wang, X., Zhong, S., Zhang, Z., Zhu, J., Fan, Y., Hu, W., Wu, L., Li, X., Ren, L., Pavuluri, C. M., Pan, X., Sun, Y., Wang, Z., Kawamura, K., and Fu, P.: Measurement report: Optical properties and sources of water-soluble brown carbon in Tianjin, North China – insights from organic molecular compositions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 6449–6470, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6449-2022, 2022.
Ditto, J. C., Machesky, J., and Gentner, D. R.: Analysis of reduced and oxidized nitrogen-containing organic compounds at a coastal site in summer and winter, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 3045–3065, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3045-2022, 2022.
Du, Z., He, K., Cheng, Y., Duan, F., Ma, Y., Liu, J., Zhang, X., Zheng, M.,
and Weber, R.: A yearlong study of water-soluble organic carbon in Beijing
II: Light absorption properties, Atmos. Environ., 89, 235–241, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.02.022, 2014.
Fan, X., Wei, S., Zhu, M., Song, J., and Peng, P.: Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM2.5 emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 13321–13340, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-13321-2016, 2016.
Fan, X., Cao, T., Yu, X., Wang, Y., Xiao, X., Li, F., Xie, Y., Ji, W., Song, J., and Peng, P.: The evolutionary behavior of chromophoric brown carbon during ozone aging of fine particles from biomass burning, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4593–4605, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4593-2020, 2020.
Fan, X. J., Cao, T., Yu, X. F., Song, J. Z., Wang, Y., Xiao, X., Xie, Y.,
and Li, F. Y.: Emission characteristics and optical properties of
extractable brown carbon from residential wood combustion, China Environ.
Sci., 39, 3215–3224, https://doi.org/10.19674/j.cnki.issn1000-6923.2019.0380, 2019.
Farmer, D. K., Matsunaga, A., Docherty, K. S., Surratt, J. D., Seinfeld, J.
H., Ziemann, P. J., and Jimenez, J. L.: Response of an aerosol mass
spectrometer to organonitrates and organosulfates and implications for
atmospheric chemistry, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 6670–6675,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912340107, 2010.
Faust, J. A., Wong, J. P., Lee, A. K., and Abbatt, J. P.: Role of Aerosol
Liquid Water in Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation from Volatile Organic
Compounds, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 1405–1413, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b04700, 2017.
Fellman, J. B., Hood, E., and Spencer, R. G. M.: Fluorescence spectroscopy
opens new windows into dissolved organic matter dynamics in freshwater
ecosystems: A review, Limnol. Oceanogr., 55, 2452–2462, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.6.2452, 2010.
Fu, P., Kawamura, K., Chen, J., Qin, M., Ren, L., Sun, Y., Wang, Z., Barrie,
L. A., Tachibana, E., Ding, A., and Yamashita, Y.: Fluorescent water-soluble
organic aerosols in the High Arctic atmosphere, Sci. Rep., 5, 9845,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09845, 2015.
Ghosh, K. and Schnitzer, M.: Fluorescence Excitation-Spectra and Viscosity
Behavior of a Fulvic-Acid and Its Copper and Iron Complexes, Soil Sci. Soc.
Am. J., 45, 25–29, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1981.03615995004500010005x, 1981.
Hawkins, L. N., Lemire, A. N., Galloway, M. M., Corrigan, A. L., Turley, J.
J., Espelien, B. M., and De Haan, D. O.: Maillard Chemistry in Clouds and
Aqueous Aerosol As a Source of Atmospheric Humic-Like Substances, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 50, 7443–7452, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00909, 2016.
Heald, C. L., Kroll, J. H., Jimenez, J. L., Docherty, K. S., DeCarlo, P. F.,
Aiken, A. C., Chen, Q., Martin, S. T., Farmer, D. K., and Artaxo, P.: A
simplified description of the evolution of organic aerosol composition in
the atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L08803, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010gl042737, 2010.
Heath, A. A., Ehrenhauser, F. S., and Valsaraj, K. T.: Effects of
temperature, oxygen level, ionic strength, and pH on the reaction of benzene
with hydroxyl radicals in aqueous atmospheric systems, J. Environ. Chem.
Eng., 1, 822–830, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.07.023,
2013.
Hecobian, A., Zhang, X., Zheng, M., Frank, N., Edgerton, E. S., and Weber, R. J.: Water-Soluble Organic Aerosol material and the light-absorption characteristics of aqueous extracts measured over the Southeastern United States, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 5965–5977, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-5965-2010, 2010.
Herndon, S. C., Onasch, T. B., Wood, E. C., Kroll, J. H., Canagaratna, M.
R., Jayne, J. T., Zavala, M. A., Knighton, W. B., Mazzoleni, C., Dubey, M.
K., Ulbrich, I. M., Jimenez, J. L., Seila, R., de Gouw, J. A., de Foy, B.,
Fast, J., Molina, L. T., Kolb, C. E., and Worsnop, D. R.: Correlation of
secondary organic aerosol with odd oxygen in Mexico City, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 35, L15804, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008gl034058, 2008.
Hu, R., Xu, Q., Wang, S., Hua, Y., Bhattarai, N., Jiang, J., Song, Y.,
Daellenbach, K. R., Qi, L., Prevot, A. S. H., and Hao, J.: Chemical
characteristics and sources of water-soluble organic aerosol in southwest
suburb of Beijing, J. Environ. Sci., 95, 99–110, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.04.004, 2020.
Huang, R. J., Zhang, Y., Bozzetti, C., Ho, K. F., Cao, J. J., Han, Y.,
Daellenbach, K. R., Slowik, J. G., Platt, S. M., Canonaco, F., Zotter, P.,
Wolf, R., Pieber, S. M., Bruns, E. A., Crippa, M., Ciarelli, G.,
Piazzalunga, A., Schwikowski, M., Abbaszade, G., Schnelle-Kreis, J.,
Zimmermann, R., An, Z., Szidat, S., Baltensperger, U., El Haddad, I., and
Prevot, A. S.: High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution
during haze events in China, Nature, 514, 218–222, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature13774, 2014.
Huang, R. J., Yang, L., Cao, J., Chen, Y., Chen, Q., Li, Y., Duan, J., Zhu,
C., Dai, W., Wang, K., Lin, C., Ni, H., Corbin, J. C., Wu, Y., Zhang, R.,
Tie, X., Hoffmann, T., O'Dowd, C., and Dusek, U.: Brown Carbon Aerosol in
Urban Xi'an, Northwest China: The Composition and Light Absorption
Properties, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 6825–6833, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b02386, 2018.
Huang, R. J., Yang, L., Shen, J., Yuan, W., Gong, Y., Guo, J., Cao, W.,
Duan, J., Ni, H., Zhu, C., Dai, W., Li, Y., Chen, Y., Chen, Q., Wu, Y.,
Zhang, R., Dusek, U., O'Dowd, C., and Hoffmann, T.: Water-Insoluble Organics
Dominate Brown Carbon in Wintertime Urban Aerosol of China: Chemical
Characteristics and Optical Properties, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54,
7836–7847, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c01149, 2020.
Jiang, X., Liu, D., Li, Q., Tian, P., Wu, Y., Li, S., Hu, K., Ding, S., Bi,
K., Li, R., Huang, M., Ding, D., Chen, Q., Kong, S., Li, W., Pang, Y., and
He, D.: Connecting the Light Absorption of Atmospheric Organic Aerosols with
Oxidation State and Polarity, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 12873–12885,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c02202, 2022.
Kasthuriarachchi, N. Y., Rivellini, L. H., Chen, X., Li, Y. J., and Lee, A.
K. Y.: Effect of Relative Humidity on Secondary Brown Carbon Formation in
Aqueous Droplets, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 13207–13216, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c01239, 2020.
Kim, H., Collier, S., Ge, X., Xu, J., Sun, Y., Jiang, W., Wang, Y., Herckes,
P., and Zhang, Q.: Chemical processing of water-soluble species and
formation of secondary organic aerosol in fogs, Atmos. Environ., 200,
158–166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.11.062, 2019.
Kuwata, M., Zorn, S. R., and Martin, S. T.: Using elemental ratios to
predict the density of organic material composed of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen, Environ. Sci. Technol., 46, 787–794, https://doi.org/10.1021/es202525q, 2012.
Lambe, A. T., Cappa, C. D., Massoli, P., Onasch, T. B., Forestieri, S. D.,
Martin, A. T., Cummings, M. J., Croasdale, D. R., Brune, W. H., Worsnop, D.
R., and Davidovits, P.: Relationship between oxidation level and optical
properties of secondary organic aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47,
6349–6357, https://doi.org/10.1021/es401043j, 2013.
Laskin, A., Laskin, J., and Nizkorodov, S. A.: Chemistry of atmospheric
brown carbon, Chem. Rev., 115, 4335–4382, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5006167, 2015.
Lawaetz, A. J. and Stedmon, C. A.: Fluorescence intensity calibration using
the Raman scatter peak of water, Appl. Spectrosc., 63, 936–940, https://doi.org/10.1366/000370209788964548, 2009.
Lee, H. J., Laskin, A., Laskin, J., and Nizkorodov, S. A.:
Excitation-emission spectra and fluorescence quantum yields for fresh and
aged biogenic secondary organic aerosols, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47,
5763–5770, https://doi.org/10.1021/es400644c, 2013.
Lei, L., Zhou, W., Chen, C., He, Y., Li, Z., Sun, J., Tang, X., Fu, P.,
Wang, Z., and Sun, Y.: Long-term characterization of aerosol chemistry in
cold season from 2013 to 2020 in Beijing, China, Environ. Pollut., 268,
115952, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115952, 2021.
Lei, Y., Shen, Z., Zhang, T., Zhang, Q., Wang, Q., Sun, J., Gong, X., Cao,
J., Xu, H., Liu, S., and Yang, L.: Optical source profiles of brown carbon
in size-resolved particulate matter from typical domestic biofuel burning
over Guanzhong Plain, China, Sci. Total Environ., 622–623, 244–251,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.353, 2018.
Li, C., He, Q., Hettiyadura, A. P. S., Kafer, U., Shmul, G., Meidan, D.,
Zimmermann, R., Brown, S. S., George, C., Laskin, A., and Rudich, Y.:
Formation of Secondary Brown Carbon in Biomass Burning Aerosol Proxies
through NO3 Radical Reactions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 54, 1395–1405,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b05641, 2020.
Li, H., Qin, X., Wang, G., Xu, J., Wang, L., Lu, D., Liu, C., Zheng, H.,
Liu, J., Huang, K., and Deng, C.: Conjoint impacts of continental outflows
and marine sources on brown carbon in the East China sea: Abundances,
optical properties, and formation processes, Atmos. Environ., 273, 118959,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.118959, 2022.
Li, J., Zhang, Q., Wang, G., Li, J., Wu, C., Liu, L., Wang, J., Jiang, W., Li, L., Ho, K. F., and Cao, J.: Optical properties and molecular compositions of water-soluble and water-insoluble brown carbon (BrC) aerosols in northwest China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 4889–4904, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-4889-2020, 2020.
Lin, P., Liu, J., Shilling, J. E., Kathmann, S. M., Laskin, J., and Laskin,
A.: Molecular characterization of brown carbon (BrC) chromophores in
secondary organic aerosol generated from photo-oxidation of toluene, Phys.
Chem. Chem. Phys., 17, 23312–23325, https://doi.org/10.1039/c5cp02563j, 2015.
Lin, P., Aiona, P. K., Li, Y., Shiraiwa, M., Laskin, J., Nizkorodov, S. A.,
and Laskin, A.: Molecular Characterization of Brown Carbon in Biomass
Burning Aerosol Particles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 50, 11815–11824,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03024, 2016.
Lin, P., Bluvshtein, N., Rudich, Y., Nizkorodov, S. A., Laskin, J., and
Laskin, A.: Molecular Chemistry of Atmospheric Brown Carbon Inferred from a
Nationwide Biomass Burning Event, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 11561–11570,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02276, 2017.
Liu, C., Liu, Y., Chen, T., Liu, J., and He, H.: Rate constant and secondary organic aerosol formation from the gas-phase reaction of eugenol with hydroxyl radicals, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2001–2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2001-2019, 2019.
Liu, J., Bergin, M., Guo, H., King, L., Kotra, N., Edgerton, E., and Weber, R. J.: Size-resolved measurements of brown carbon in water and methanol extracts and estimates of their contribution to ambient fine-particle light absorption, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 12389–12404, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-12389-2013, 2013.
Liu, J. M., Wang, P. F., Zhang, H. L., Du, Z. Y., Zheng, B., Yu, Q. Q.,
Zheng, G. J., Ma, Y. L., Zheng, M., Cheng, Y., Zhang, Q., and He, K. B.:
Integration of field observation and air quality modeling to characterize
Beijing aerosol in different seasons, Chemosphere, 242, 125195, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125195, 2020.
Matos, J. T. V., Freire, S. M. S. C., Duarte, R. M. B. O., and Duarte, A.
C.: Natural organic matter in urban aerosols: Comparison between water and
alkaline soluble components using excitation–emission matrix fluorescence
spectroscopy and multiway data analysis, Atmos. Environ., 102, 1–10,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.042, 2015.
McKnight, D. M., Boyer, E. W., Westerhoff, P. K., Doran, P. T., Kulbe, T.,
and Andersen, D. T.: Spectrofluorometric characterization of dissolved
organic matter for indication of precursor organic material and aromaticity,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 38–48, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2001.46.1.0038, 2001.
Mei, Y., Wang, L., and Wu, F.: Effects of water chemistry and concentrations
of dissolved organic matter on its fluorescence characteristics and
molecular conformation, Chin. J. Geochem., 28, 413–420, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11631-009-0413-2, 2009.
Milne, C. J., Kinniburgh, D. G., and Tipping, E.: Generic NICA-Donnan model
parameters for proton binding by humic substances, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
35, 2049–2059, https://doi.org/10.1021/es000123j, 2001.
Minakata, D., Li, K., Westerhoff, P., and Crittenden, J.: Development of a
group contribution method to predict aqueous phase hydroxyl radical (HO*)
reaction rate constants, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 6220–6227, https://doi.org/10.1021/es900956c, 2009.
Mo, Y., Li, J., Jiang, B., Su, T., Geng, X., Liu, J., Jiang, H., Shen, C.,
Ding, P., Zhong, G., Cheng, Z., Liao, Y., Tian, C., Chen, Y., and Zhang, G.:
Sources, compositions, and optical properties of humic-like substances in
Beijing during the 2014 APEC summit: Results from dual carbon isotope and
Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry analyses,
Environ. Pollut., 239, 322–331, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.041, 2018.
Moise, T., Flores, J. M., and Rudich, Y.: Optical properties of secondary
organic aerosols and their changes by chemical processes, Chem. Rev., 115,
4400–4439, https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5005259, 2015.
Mok, J., Krotkov, N. A., Arola, A., Torres, O., Jethva, H., Andrade, M.,
Labow, G., Eck, T. F., Li, Z., Dickerson, R. R., Stenchikov, G. L., Osipov,
S., and Ren, X.: Impacts of brown carbon from biomass burning on surface UV
and ozone photochemistry in the Amazon Basin, Sci. Rep., 6, 36940,
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36940, 2016.
Murphy, K. R., Stedmon, C. A., Graeber, D., and Bro, R.: Fluorescence
spectroscopy and multi-way techniques. PARAFAC, Anal. Methods, 5,
6557-6566, https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ay41160e, 2013.
Ng, N. L., Canagaratna, M. R., Jimenez, J. L., Chhabra, P. S., Seinfeld, J. H., and Worsnop, D. R.: Changes in organic aerosol composition with aging inferred from aerosol mass spectra, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6465–6474, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-6465-2011, 2011.
Ni, H., Huang, R. J., Pieber, S. M., Corbin, J. C., Stefenelli, G.,
Pospisilova, V., Klein, F., Gysel-Beer, M., Yang, L., Baltensperger, U.,
Haddad, I. E., Slowik, J. G., Cao, J., Prevot, A. S. H., and Dusek, U.:
Brown Carbon in Primary and Aged Coal Combustion Emission, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 55, 5701–5710, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c08084, 2021.
Ni, H., Huang, R. J., Yao, P., Cosijn, M. M., Kairys, N., Zhong, H., and
Dusek, U.: Organic aerosol formation and aging processes in Beijing
constrained by size-resolved measurements of radiocarbon and stable isotopic
13C, Environ. Int., 158, 106890, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106890, 2022.
Ohno, T.: Fluorescence inner-filtering correction for determining the
humification index of dissolved organic matter, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36,
742–746, https://doi.org/10.1021/es0155276, 2002.
Phillips, S. M., Bellcross, A. D., and Smith, G. D.: Light Absorption by
Brown Carbon in the Southeastern United States is pH-dependent, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 51, 6782–6790, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b01116, 2017.
Psichoudaki, M. and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric aerosol water-soluble organic
carbon measurement: a theoretical analysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47,
9791–9798, https://doi.org/10.1021/es402270y, 2013.
Qin, J., Zhang, L., Zhou, X., Duan, J., Mu, S., Xiao, K., Hu, J., and Tan,
J.: Fluorescence fingerprinting properties for exploring water-soluble
organic compounds in PM2.5 in an industrial city of northwest China, Atmos.
Environ., 184, 203–211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.04.049, 2018.
Qin, J., Zhang, L., Qin, Y., Shi, S., Li, J., Gao, Y., Tan, J., and Wang,
X.: pH-Dependent Chemical Transformations of Humic-Like Substances and
Further Cognitions Revealed by Optical Methods, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56,
7578–7587, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c07729, 2022a.
Qin, J., Tan, J., Zhou, X., Yang, Y., Qin, Y., Wang, X., Shi, S., Xiao, K., and Wang, X.: Measurement report: Particle-size-dependent fluorescence properties of water-soluble organic compounds (WSOCs) and their atmospheric implications for the aging of WSOCs, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 465–479, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-465-2022, 2022b.
Qin, Y., Yang, Y., Qin, J., Zhang, L., Guo, S., Zhou, X., Chen, R., Tan, J.,
Xiao, K., and Wang, X.: pH-Responsive Fluorescence EEM to Titrate the
Interaction between Fluorophores and Acid/Base Groups in Water-Soluble
Organic Compounds of PM2.5, Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 8, 108–113,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00645, 2020.
Qin, Y., Qin, J., Wang, X., Xiao, K., Qi, T., Gao, Y., Zhou, X., Shi, S., Li, J., Gao, J., Zhang, Z., Tan, J., Zhang, Y., and Chen, R.: Measurement report: Investigation of pH- and particle-size-dependent chemical and optical properties of water-soluble organic carbon: implications for its sources and aging processes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13845–13859, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13845-2022, 2022.
Raja, S., Raghunathan, R., Kommalapati, R. R., Shen, X., Collett, J. L., and
Valsaraj, K. T.: Organic composition of fogwater in the Texas–Louisiana
gulf coast corridor, Atmos. Environ., 43, 4214-4222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.05.029, 2009.
Saleh, R.: From Measurements to Models: Toward Accurate Representation of
Brown Carbon in Climate Calculations, Curr. Pollut. Rep., 6, 90–104,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-020-00139-3, 2020.
Shan, Y., Guan, D., Hubacek, K., Zheng, B., Davis, S. J., Jia, L., Liu, J.,
Liu, Z., Fromer, N., Mi, Z., Meng, J., Deng, X., Li, Y., Lin, J., Schroeder,
H., Weisz, H., and Schellnhuber, H. J.: City-level climate change mitigation
in China, Sci. Adv., 4, eaaq0390, https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaq0390, 2018.
Song, C., Gyawali, M., Zaveri, R. A., Shilling, J. E., and Arnott, W. P.:
Light absorption by secondary organic aerosol fromá-pinene: Effects of
oxidants, seed aerosol acidity, and relative humidity, J. Geophys.
Res.-Atmos., 118, 11741–711749, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50767, 2013.
Sumlin, B. J., Pandey, A., Walker, M. J., Pattison, R. S., Williams, B. J.,
and Chakrabarty, R. K.: Atmospheric Photooxidation Diminishes Light
Absorption by Primary Brown Carbon Aerosol from Biomass Burning, Environ.
Sci. Technol. Lett., 4, 540–545, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.7b00393, 2017.
Sun, Y., Wang, Z., Fu, P., Jiang, Q., Yang, T., Li, J., and Ge, X.: The
impact of relative humidity on aerosol composition and evolution processes
during wintertime in Beijing, China, Atmos. Environ., 77, 927–934,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.06.019, 2013.
Sun, Y., Du, W., Fu, P., Wang, Q., Li, J., Ge, X., Zhang, Q., Zhu, C., Ren, L., Xu, W., Zhao, J., Han, T., Worsnop, D. R., and Wang, Z.: Primary and secondary aerosols in Beijing in winter: sources, variations and processes, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 8309–8329, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8309-2016, 2016.
Sun, Y. L., Zhang, Q., Schwab, J. J., Yang, T., Ng, N. L., and Demerjian, K. L.: Factor analysis of combined organic and inorganic aerosol mass spectra from high resolution aerosol mass spectrometer measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 8537–8551, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-8537-2012, 2012.
Tan, J., Xiang, P., Zhou, X., Duan, J., Ma, Y., He, K., Cheng, Y., Yu, J.,
and Querol, X.: Chemical characterization of humic-like substances (HULIS)
in PM2.5 in Lanzhou, China, Sci. Total Environ., 573, 1481–1490, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.08.025, 2016.
Tang, J., Li, J., Su, T., Han, Y., Mo, Y., Jiang, H., Cui, M., Jiang, B., Chen, Y., Tang, J., Song, J., Peng, P., and Zhang, G.: Molecular compositions and optical properties of dissolved brown carbon in biomass burning, coal combustion, and vehicle emission aerosols illuminated by excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 2513–2532, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2513-2020, 2020.
Tao, J., Zhang, Z., Zhang, L., Li, J., Wu, Y., Pei, C., and Nie, F.:
Quantifying the relative contributions of aqueous phase and photochemical
processes to water-soluble organic carbon formation in winter in a megacity
of South China, Chemosphere, 300, 134598, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134598, 2022.
Vidovic, K., Lasic Jurkovic, D., Sala, M., Kroflic, A., and Grgic, I.:
Nighttime Aqueous-Phase Formation of Nitrocatechols in the Atmospheric
Condensed Phase, Environ. Sci. Technol., 52, 9722–9730, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b01161, 2018.
Wang, H., Zhang, L., Huo, T., Wang, B., Yang, F., Chen, Y., Tian, M., Qiao,
B., and Peng, C.: Application of parallel factor analysis model to decompose
excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectra for characterizing sources
of water-soluble brown carbon in PM2.5, Atmos. Environ., 223, 117192, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117192, 2020.
Wang, J., Ye, J., Zhang, Q., Zhao, J., Wu, Y., Li, J., Liu, D., Li, W.,
Zhang, Y., Wu, C., Xie, C., Qin, Y., Lei, Y., Huang, X., Guo, J., Liu, P.,
Fu, P., Li, Y., Lee, H. C., Choi, H., Zhang, J., Liao, H., Chen, M., Sun,
Y., Ge, X., Martin, S. T., and Jacob, D. J.: Aqueous production of secondary
organic aerosol from fossil-fuel emissions in winter Beijing haze, P.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 118, e2022179118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022179118, 2021.
Wang, X., Heald, C. L., Liu, J., Weber, R. J., Campuzano-Jost, P., Jimenez, J. L., Schwarz, J. P., and Perring, A. E.: Exploring the observational constraints on the simulation of brown carbon, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 635–653, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-635-2018, 2018.
Wang, Y., Hu, M., Lin, P., Tan, T., Li, M., Xu, N., Zheng, J., Du, Z., Qin,
Y., Wu, Y., Lu, S., Song, Y., Wu, Z., Guo, S., Zeng, L., Huang, X., and He,
L.: Enhancement in Particulate Organic Nitrogen and Light Absorption of
Humic-Like Substances over Tibetan Plateau Due to Long-Range Transported
Biomass Burning Emissions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 53, 14222–14232,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b06152, 2019.
Washenfelder, R. A., Attwood, A. R., Brock, C. A., Guo, H., Xu, L., Weber,
R. J., Ng, N. L., Allen, H. M., Ayres, B. R., Baumann, K., Cohen, R. C.,
Draper, D. C., Duffey, K. C., Edgerton, E., Fry, J. L., Hu, W. W., Jimenez,
J. L., Palm, B. B., Romer, P., Stone, E. A., Wooldridge, P. J., and Brown,
S. S.: Biomass burning dominates brown carbon absorption in the rural
southeastern United States, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 653–664, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl062444, 2015.
Wen, H., Zhou, Y., Xu, X., Wang, T., Chen, Q., Chen, Q., Li, W., Wang, Z.,
Huang, Z., Zhou, T., Shi, J., Bi, J., Ji, M., and Wang, X.: Water-soluble
brown carbon in atmospheric aerosols along the transport pathway of Asian
dust: Optical properties, chemical compositions, and potential sources, Sci.
Total Environ., 789, 147971, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147971, 2021.
Wu, G., Ram, K., Fu, P., Wang, W., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Stone, E. A.,
Pradhan, B. B., Dangol, P. M., Panday, A. K., Wan, X., Bai, Z., Kang, S.,
Zhang, Q., and Cong, Z.: Water-Soluble Brown Carbon in Atmospheric Aerosols
from Godavari (Nepal), a Regional Representative of South Asia, Environ.
Sci. Technol., 53, 3471–3479, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00596, 2019.
Xu, J., Zhang, Q., Li, X., Ge, X., Xiao, C., Ren, J., and Qin, D.: Dissolved
organic matter and inorganic ions in a central Himalayan glacier–insights
into chemical composition and atmospheric sources, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
47, 6181–6188, https://doi.org/10.1021/es4009882, 2013.
Xu, J., Zhang, Q., Chen, M., Ge, X., Ren, J., and Qin, D.: Chemical composition, sources, and processes of urban aerosols during summertime in northwest China: insights from high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 12593–12611, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-12593-2014, 2014.
Xu, J., Shi, J., Zhang, Q., Ge, X., Canonaco, F., Prévôt, A. S. H., Vonwiller, M., Szidat, S., Ge, J., Ma, J., An, Y., Kang, S., and Qin, D.: Wintertime organic and inorganic aerosols in Lanzhou, China: sources, processes, and comparison with the results during summer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 14937–14957, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14937-2016, 2016.
Xu, J., Ge, X., Zhang, X., Zhao, W., Zhang, R., and Zhang, Y.: COVID-19
Impact on the Concentration and Composition of Submicron Particulate Matter
in a Typical City of Northwest China, Geophys. Res. Lett., 47,
e2020GL089035, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089035, 2020a.
Xu, J., Hettiyadura, A. P. S., Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Kang, S., and Laskin, A.:
Regional Differences of Chemical Composition and Optical Properties of
Aerosols in the Tibetan Plateau, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125,
e2019JD031226, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd031226, 2020b.
Xu, J., Hettiyadura, A. P. S., Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Kang, S., and Laskin, A.:
Atmospheric Brown Carbon on the Tibetan Plateau: Regional Differences in
Chemical Composition and Light Absorption Properties, Environ. Sci. Tech.
Lett., 9, 219–225, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00016,
2022.
Xu, J. Z., Zhang, Q., Wang, Z. B., Yu, G. M., Ge, X. L., and Qin, X.: Chemical composition and size distribution of summertime PM2.5 at a high altitude remote location in the northeast of the Qinghai–Xizang (Tibet) Plateau: insights into aerosol sources and processing in free troposphere, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 5069–5081, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5069-2015, 2015.
Yan, G. and Kim, G.: Speciation and Sources of Brown Carbon in Precipitation
at Seoul, Korea: Insights from Excitation-Emission Matrix Spectroscopy and
Carbon Isotopic Analysis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 51, 11580–11587,
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02892, 2017.
Yang, H., Xu, G., Mao, H., and Wang, Y.: Spatiotemporal Variation in
Precipitation and Water Vapor Transport Over Central Asia in Winter and
Summer Under Global Warming, Front. Earth Sci., 8, 297, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2020.00297, 2020.
Yang, Y., Qin, J., Qi, T., Zhou, X., Chen, R., Tan, J., Xiao, K., Ji, D.,
He, K., and Chen, X.: Fluorescence characteristics of particulate
water-soluble organic compounds emitted from coal-fired boilers, Atmos.
Environ., 223, 117297, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2020.117297,
2020.
Ye, Z., Liu, J., Gu, A., Feng, F., Liu, Y., Bi, C., Xu, J., Li, L., Chen, H., Chen, Y., Dai, L., Zhou, Q., and Ge, X.: Chemical characterization of fine particulate matter in Changzhou, China, and source apportionment with offline aerosol mass spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 2573–2592, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2573-2017, 2017.
Yuan, W., Huang, R.-J., Yang, L., Ni, H., Wang, T., Cao, W., Duan, J., Guo,
J., Huang, H., and Hoffmann, T.: Concentrations, optical properties and
sources of humic-like substances (HULIS) in fine particulate matter in
Xi'an, Northwest China, Sci. Total Environ., 789, 147902, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147902, 2021.
Yue, S., Ren, L., Song, T., Li, L., Xie, Q., Li, W., Kang, M., Zhao, W.,
Wei, L., Ren, H., Sun, Y., Wang, Z., Ellam, R. M., Liu, C. Q., Kawamura, K.,
and Fu, P.: Abundance and Diurnal Trends of Fluorescent Bioaerosols in the
Troposphere over Mt. Tai, China, in Spring, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 124,
4158–4173, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd029486, 2019.
Zeng, L., Zhang, A., Wang, Y., Wagner, N. L., Katich, J. M., Schwarz, J. P.,
Schill, G. P., Brock, C., Froyd, K. D., Murphy, D. M., Williamson, C. J.,
Kupc, A., Scheuer, E., Dibb, J., and Weber, R. J.: Global Measurements of
Brown Carbon and Estimated Direct Radiative Effects, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
47, e2020GL088747, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088747, 2020.
Zeng, Y. L., Ning, Y. L., Shen, Z. X., Zhang, L. M., Zhang, T., Lei, Y. L.,
Zhang, Q., Li, G. H., Xu, H. M., Ho, S. S. H., and Cao, J. J.: The Roles of
N, S, and O in Molecular Absorption Features of Brown Carbon in PM2.5 in a
Typical Semi-Arid Megacity in Northwestern China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos.,
126, e2021JD034791, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034791, 2021.
Zhang, Q., Shen, Z., Zhang, L., Zeng, Y., Ning, Z., Zhang, T., Lei, Y.,
Wang, Q., Li, G., Sun, J., Westerdahl, D., Xu, H., and Cao, J.:
Investigation of Primary and Secondary Particulate Brown Carbon in Two
Chinese Cities of Xi'an and Hong Kong in Wintertime, Environ. Sci. Technol.,
54, 3803–3813, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b05332, 2020.
Zhang, X., Lin, Y. H., Surratt, J. D., and Weber, R. J.: Sources,
composition and absorption Angstrom exponent of light-absorbing organic
components in aerosol extracts from the Los Angeles Basin, Environ. Sci.
Technol., 47, 3685–3693, https://doi.org/10.1021/es305047b,
2013.
Zhang, X., Ding, X., Talifu, D., Wang, X., Abulizi, A., Maihemuti, M., and
Rekefu, S.: Humidity and PM2.5 composition determine atmospheric light
extinction in the arid region of northwest China, J. Environ. Sci., 100,
279–286, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2020.07.007, 2021a.
Zhang, X., Xu, J., Kang, S., Sun, J., Shi, J., Gong, C., Sun, X., Du, H.,
Ge, X., and Zhang, Q.: Regional Differences in the Light Absorption
Properties of Fine Particulate Matter Over the Tibetan Plateau: Insights
From HR-ToF-AMS and Aethalometer Measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 126,
e2021JD035562, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jd035562, 2021b.
Zhang, Y., Xu, J., Shi, J., Xie, C., Ge, X., Wang, J., Kang, S., and Zhang,
Q.: Light absorption by water-soluble organic carbon in atmospheric fine
particles in the central Tibetan Plateau, Environ. Sci. Pollut. R.,
24, 21386–21397, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9688-8,
2017.
Zhang, Y., Shi, Z., Wang, Y., Liu, L., Zhang, J., Li, J., Xia, Y., Ding, X.,
Liu, D., Kong, S., Niu, H., Fu, P., Zhang, X., and Li, W.: Fine particles
from village air in northern China in winter: Large contribution of primary
organic aerosols from residential solid fuel burning, Environ. Pollut., 272,
116420, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116420, 2021.
Zhang, Y.-L., El-Haddad, I., Huang, R.-J., Ho, K.-F., Cao, J.-J., Han, Y., Zotter, P., Bozzetti, C., Daellenbach, K. R., Slowik, J. G., Salazar, G., Prévôt, A. S. H., and Szidat, S.: Large contribution of fossil fuel derived secondary organic carbon to water soluble organic aerosols in winter haze in China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4005–4017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4005-2018, 2018.
Zhao, R., Lee, A. K. Y., Huang, L., Li, X., Yang, F., and Abbatt, J. P. D.: Photochemical processing of aqueous atmospheric brown carbon, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15, 6087–6100, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6087-2015, 2015.
Zhao, W., Zhang, X., Zhai, L., Shen, X., and Xu, J.: Chemical
characterization and sources of submicron aerosols in Lhasa on the
Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: Insights from high-resolution mass spectrometry,
Sci. Total Environ., 815, 152866, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152866, 2022.
Zhou, Y., West, C. P., Hettiyadura, A. P. S., Niu, X., Wen, H., Cui, J., Shi, T., Pu, W., Wang, X., and Laskin, A.: Measurement report: Molecular composition, optical properties, and radiative effects of water-soluble organic carbon in snowpack samples from northern Xinjiang, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 8531–8555, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-8531-2021, 2021.
Zhou, Y., West, C. P., Hettiyadura, A. P. S., Pu, W., Shi, T., Niu, X., Wen,
H., Cui, J., Wang, X., and Laskin, A.: Molecular Characterization of
Water-Soluble Brown Carbon Chromophores in Snowpack from Northern Xinjiang,
China, Environ. Sci. Technol., 56, 4173–4186, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c07972, 2022.
Zhu, C. S., Cao, J. J., Huang, R. J., Shen, Z. X., Wang, Q. Y., and Zhang,
N. N.: Light absorption properties of brown carbon over the southeastern
Tibetan Plateau, Sci. Total Environ., 625, 246–251, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.183, 2018.
Zou, C., Cao, T., Li, M., Song, J., Jiang, B., Jia, W., Li, J., Ding, X., Yu, Z., Zhang, G., and Peng, P.: Measurement report: Changes in light absorption and molecular composition of water-soluble humic-like substances during a winter haze bloom-decay process in Guangzhou, China, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 963–979, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-963-2023, 2023.
Zsolnay, A., Baigar, E., Jimenez, M., Steinweg, B., and Saccomandi, F.:
Differentiating with fluorescence spectroscopy the sources of dissolved
organic matter in soils subjected to drying, Chemosphere, 38, 45–50, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(98)00166-0, 1999.
Short summary
This study focus on coal-combustion-dominated aerosol in urban areas in northwestern China and combines the results of optical measurement and chemical analysis to deduce the evolution of these characteristics in the atmosphere, which has previously been unknown. The results provide insights into the effects of atmospheric processes and emissions on brown carbon properties.
This study focus on coal-combustion-dominated aerosol in urban areas in northwestern China and...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint