Overview and statistical analysis of boundary layer clouds and precipitation over the western North Atlantic Ocean

Kirschler, Simon; Voigt, Christiane; Anderson, Bruce E.; Chen, Gao; Crosbie, Ewan C.; Ferrare, Richard A.; Hahn, Valerian; Hair, Johnathan W.; Kaufmann, Stefan; Moore, Richard H.; Painemal, David; Robinson, Claire E.; Sanchez, Kevin J.; Scarino, Amy J.; Shingler, Taylor J.; Shook, Michael A.; Thornhill, Kenneth L.; Winstead, Edward L.; Ziemba, Luke D.; Sorooshian, Armin

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10731-2023

Articles | Volume 23, issue 18

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Articles | Volume 23, issue 18

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-10731-2023

Articles | Volume 23, issue 18

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Research article

27 Sep 2023

Research article |

| 27 Sep 2023

Overview and statistical analysis of boundary layer clouds and precipitation over the western North Atlantic Ocean

Simon Kirschler, Christiane Voigt, Bruce E. Anderson, Gao Chen, Ewan C. Crosbie, Richard A. Ferrare, Valerian Hahn, Johnathan W. Hair, Stefan Kaufmann, Richard H. Moore, David Painemal, Claire E. Robinson, Kevin J. Sanchez, Amy J. Scarino, Taylor J. Shingler, Michael A. Shook, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Edward L. Winstead, Luke D. Ziemba, and Armin Sorooshian

Simon Kirschler

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR

simon.kirschler@dlr.de

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4232-8277

Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany

Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany

Christiane Voigt

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8925-7731

Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany

Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany

Bruce E. Anderson

NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

Gao Chen

NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

Ewan C. Crosbie

NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

Richard A. Ferrare

NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

Valerian Hahn

Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany

Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany

Johnathan W. Hair

NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

Stefan Kaufmann

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0767-1996

Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany

Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany

Richard H. Moore

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2911-4469

NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

David Painemal

NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

Claire E. Robinson

NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

deceased

Kevin J. Sanchez

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-0918

NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

Amy J. Scarino

NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

Taylor J. Shingler

NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

Michael A. Shook

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2659-484X

NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

Kenneth L. Thornhill

NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

Edward L. Winstead

NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

Luke D. Ziemba

NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

Armin Sorooshian

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2243-2264

Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

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Sep 2023	150	23	3	176
Oct 2023	291	37	5	333
Nov 2023	85	13	0	98
Dec 2023	55	13	2	70
Jan 2024	22	12	0	34
Feb 2024	20	12	0	32
Mar 2024	26	17	4	47
Apr 2024	107	14	3	124
May 2024	80	7	8	95
Jun 2024	75	12	2	89
Jul 2024	381	8	4	393
Aug 2024	46	11	1	58
Sep 2024	37	7	1	45
Oct 2024	28	7	0	35
Nov 2024	26	7	1	34
Dec 2024	24	12	1	37
Jan 2025	32	8	0	40
Feb 2025	32	5	1	38
Mar 2025	37	17	0	54
Apr 2025	5	0	5

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 27 Sep 2023)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Sep 2023	150	23	3	176
Oct 2023	291	37	5	333
Nov 2023	85	13	0	98
Dec 2023	55	13	2	70
Jan 2024	22	12	0	34
Feb 2024	20	12	0	32
Mar 2024	26	17	4	47
Apr 2024	107	14	3	124
May 2024	80	7	8	95
Jun 2024	75	12	2	89
Jul 2024	381	8	4	393
Aug 2024	46	11	1	58
Sep 2024	37	7	1	45
Oct 2024	28	7	0	35
Nov 2024	26	7	1	34
Dec 2024	24	12	1	37
Jan 2025	32	8	0	40
Feb 2025	32	5	1	38
Mar 2025	37	17	0	54
Apr 2025	5	0	5

Total article views: 448 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

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305	126	17	448	35	10	11

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Views and downloads (calculated since 11 May 2023)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Sep 2023	150	23	3	176
Oct 2023	291	37	5	333
Nov 2023	85	13	0	98
Dec 2023	55	13	2	70
Jan 2024	22	12	0	34
Feb 2024	20	12	0	32
Mar 2024	26	17	4	47
Apr 2024	107	14	3	124
May 2024	80	7	8	95
Jun 2024	75	12	2	89
Jul 2024	381	8	4	393
Aug 2024	46	11	1	58
Sep 2024	37	7	1	45
Oct 2024	28	7	0	35
Nov 2024	26	7	1	34
Dec 2024	24	12	1	37
Jan 2025	32	8	0	40
Feb 2025	32	5	1	38
Mar 2025	37	17	0	54
Apr 2025	5	0	5

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 11 May 2023)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Sep 2023	150	23	3	176
Oct 2023	291	37	5	333
Nov 2023	85	13	0	98
Dec 2023	55	13	2	70
Jan 2024	22	12	0	34
Feb 2024	20	12	0	32
Mar 2024	26	17	4	47
Apr 2024	107	14	3	124
May 2024	80	7	8	95
Jun 2024	75	12	2	89
Jul 2024	381	8	4	393
Aug 2024	46	11	1	58
Sep 2024	37	7	1	45
Oct 2024	28	7	0	35
Nov 2024	26	7	1	34
Dec 2024	24	12	1	37
Jan 2025	32	8	0	40
Feb 2025	32	5	1	38
Mar 2025	37	17	0	54
Apr 2025	5	0	5

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China	1	749	32
United States of America	2	707	30
Germany	3	225	9
Italy	4	78	3
India	5	74	3

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China	1	712	38
United States of America	2	509	27
Germany	3	141	7
Italy	4	71	3
undefined	5	66	3

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United States of America	1	198	44
Germany	2	84	18
China	3	37	8
France	4	14	3
India	5	13	2


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749


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712


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Cited

Show all Final revised paper only Preprint only

10 citations as recorded by crossref.

Vertical variability of aerosol properties and trace gases over a remote marine region: a case study over Bermuda T. Ajayi et al. 10.5194/acp-24-9197-2024
Measurement report: Cloud and environmental properties associated with aggregated shallow marine cumulus and cumulus congestus E. Crosbie et al. 10.5194/acp-24-6123-2024
Understanding aerosol–cloud interactions using a single-column model for a cold-air outbreak case during the ACTIVATE campaign S. Tang et al. 10.5194/acp-24-10073-2024
Bayesian cloud-top phase determination for Meteosat Second Generation J. Mayer et al. 10.5194/amt-17-4015-2024
How does riming influence the observed spatial variability of ice water in mixed-phase clouds? N. Maherndl et al. 10.5194/acp-24-13935-2024
Cloud processing dominates the vertical profiles of aerosols in marine air masses over the Great Barrier Reef R. Braga et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107928
Bridging gas and aerosol properties between the northeastern US and Bermuda: analysis of eight transit flights C. Soloff et al. 10.5194/acp-24-10385-2024
A comprehensive analysis of new particle formation across the northwest Atlantic: Analysis of ACTIVATE airborne data S. Namdari et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120831
Sensitivity of aerosol and cloud properties to coupling strength of marine boundary layer clouds over the northwest Atlantic K. Zeider et al. 10.5194/acp-25-2407-2025
Overview: quasi-Lagrangian observations of Arctic air mass transformations – introduction and initial results of the HALO–(𝒜 𝒞)3 aircraft campaign M. Wendisch et al. 10.5194/acp-24-8865-2024

10 citations as recorded by crossref.

Vertical variability of aerosol properties and trace gases over a remote marine region: a case study over Bermuda T. Ajayi et al. 10.5194/acp-24-9197-2024
Measurement report: Cloud and environmental properties associated with aggregated shallow marine cumulus and cumulus congestus E. Crosbie et al. 10.5194/acp-24-6123-2024
Understanding aerosol–cloud interactions using a single-column model for a cold-air outbreak case during the ACTIVATE campaign S. Tang et al. 10.5194/acp-24-10073-2024
Bayesian cloud-top phase determination for Meteosat Second Generation J. Mayer et al. 10.5194/amt-17-4015-2024
How does riming influence the observed spatial variability of ice water in mixed-phase clouds? N. Maherndl et al. 10.5194/acp-24-13935-2024
Cloud processing dominates the vertical profiles of aerosols in marine air masses over the Great Barrier Reef R. Braga et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.107928
Bridging gas and aerosol properties between the northeastern US and Bermuda: analysis of eight transit flights C. Soloff et al. 10.5194/acp-24-10385-2024
A comprehensive analysis of new particle formation across the northwest Atlantic: Analysis of ACTIVATE airborne data S. Namdari et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120831
Sensitivity of aerosol and cloud properties to coupling strength of marine boundary layer clouds over the northwest Atlantic K. Zeider et al. 10.5194/acp-25-2407-2025
Overview: quasi-Lagrangian observations of Arctic air mass transformations – introduction and initial results of the HALO–(𝒜 𝒞)3 aircraft campaign M. Wendisch et al. 10.5194/acp-24-8865-2024

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Short summary

In this study we present an overview of liquid and mixed-phase clouds and precipitation in the marine boundary layer over the western North Atlantic Ocean. We compare microphysical properties of pure liquid clouds to mixed-phase clouds and show that the initiation of the ice phase in mixed-phase clouds promotes precipitation. The observational data presented in this study are well suited for investigating the processes that give rise to liquid and mixed-phase clouds, ice, and precipitation.

In this study we present an overview of liquid and mixed-phase clouds and precipitation in the...

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