Articles | Volume 22, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7861-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-7861-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
17 Jun 2022
Research article |
| 17 Jun 2022
| 17 Jun 2022
Suppressed migrating diurnal tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region during El Niño in northern winter and its possible mechanism
Yetao Cen
CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, University of
Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, University of
Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, University of
Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
James M. Russell III
Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA
Xiankang Dou
CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, University of
Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei,
China
Related authors
No articles found.
Xin Fang, Feng Li, Lei-lei Sun, and Tao Li
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 2263–2272, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2263-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2263-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We successfully developed the first pseudorandom modulation continuous-wave narrowband sodium lidar (PMCW-NSL) system for simultaneous measurements of the mesopause region's temperature and wind. Based on the innovative decoded technique and algorithm for CW lidar, both the main and residual lights modulated by M-code are used and directed to the atmosphere in the vertical and eastward directions, tilted 20° from the zenith. The PMCW-NSL system can applied to airborne and space-borne purposes.
Wen Yi, Jie Zeng, Xianghui Xue, Iain Reid, Wei Zhong, Jianfei Wu, Tingdi Chen, and Xiankang Dou
Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-254, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2022-254, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
In recent years, the concept of multistatic meteor radar systems has attracted the attention of the atmospheric radar community, focusing on the MLT region. In this study, we apply a multistatic meteor radar system consisting of a monostatic meteor radar in Mengcheng (33.36° N, 116.49° E) and a remote receiver in Changfeng (31.98° N, 117.22° E) to estimate the two-dimensional horizontal wind field, and the horizontal divergence and relative vorticity of the wind field.
Shican Qiu, Mengzhen Yuan, Willie Soon, Victor Manuel Velasco Herrera, Zhanming Zhang, and Xiankang Dou
Ann. Geophys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2022-22, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2022-22, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, the solar radiation index Y10 acts as an indicator of the solar activity, and the vertical column of ice water content (IWC) characterizes the nature of the polar mesosphere cloud (PMC). Superposed epoch analysis is used to determine the time lag days of temperature and IWC anomalies in responding to Y10 for the PMC seasons from 2007–2015. The results show that the IWC can respond quickly to temperature within time lag of one day.
Dawei Tang, Tianwen Wei, Jinlong Yuan, Haiyun Xia, and Xiankang Dou
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 15, 2819–2838, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2819-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2819-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
During 11–20 March 2020, three aerosol transport events were investigated by a lidar system and an online bioaerosol detection system in Hefei, China.
Observation results reveal that the events not only contributed to high particulate matter pollution but also to the transport of external bioaerosols, resulting in changes in the fraction of fluorescent biological aerosol particles.
This detection method improved the time resolution and provided more parameters for aerosol detection.
Shican Qiu, Mengxi Shi, Willie Soon, Mingjiao Jia, Xianghui Xue, Tao Li, Peng Ju, and Xiankang Dou
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-1085, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-1085, 2022
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
The solitary wave theory is applied for the first time to study the sporadic sodium layers (NaS). We perform soliton fitting processes on the observed data from the Andes Lidar Observatory, and find out that 24/27 NaS events exhibit similar features to a soliton. Time series of the net anomaly reveal the same variation process to the solution of a five-order KdV equation. Our results suggest the NaS phenomenon would be an appropriate tracer for nonlinear wave studies in the atmosphere.
Liang Tang, Sheng-Yang Gu, and Xian-Kang Dou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17495–17512, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17495-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17495-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our study explores the variation in the occurrence date, peak amplitude and wave period for eastward waves and the role of instability, background wind structure and the critical layer in eastward wave propagation and amplification.
Shican Qiu, Ning Wang, Willie Soon, Gaopeng Lu, Mingjiao Jia, Xingjin Wang, Xianghui Xue, Tao Li, and Xiankang Dou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11927–11940, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11927-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11927-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our results suggest that lightning strokes would probably influence the ionosphere and thus give rise to the occurrence of a sporadic sodium layer (NaS), with the overturning of the electric field playing an important role. Model simulation results show that the calculated first-order rate coefficient could explain the efficient recombination of Na+→Na in this NaS case study. A conjunction between the lower and upper atmospheres could be established by these inter-connected phenomena.
Wei Zhong, Xianghui Xue, Wen Yi, Iain M. Reid, Tingdi Chen, and Xiankang Dou
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 3973–3988, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3973-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3973-2021, 2021
Bingkun Yu, Xianghui Xue, Christopher J. Scott, Jianfei Wu, Xinan Yue, Wuhu Feng, Yutian Chi, Daniel R. Marsh, Hanli Liu, Xiankang Dou, and John M. C. Plane
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 4219–4230, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4219-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-4219-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
A long-standing mystery of metal ions within Es layers in the Earth's upper atmosphere is the marked seasonal dependence, with a summer maximum and a winter minimum. We report a large-scale winter-to-summer transport of metal ions from 6-year multi-satellite observations and worldwide ground-based stations. A global atmospheric circulation is responsible for the phenomenon. Our results emphasise the effect of this atmospheric circulation on the transport of composition in the upper atmosphere.
Jianyuan Wang, Wen Yi, Jianfei Wu, Tingdi Chen, Xianghui Xue, Robert A. Vincent, Iain M. Reid, Paulo P. Batista, Ricardo A. Buriti, Toshitaka Tsuda, and Xiankang Dou
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-33, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-33, 2021
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we report the climatology of migrating and non-migrating tides in mesopause winds estimated using multiyear observations from three meteor radars in the southern equatorial region. The results reveal that the climatological patterns of tidal amplitudes by meteor radars is similar to the Climatological Tidal Model of the Thermosphere (CTMT) results and the differences are mainly due to the effect of the stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) event.
Mingjiao Jia, Jinlong Yuan, Chong Wang, Haiyun Xia, Yunbin Wu, Lijie Zhao, Tianwen Wei, Jianfei Wu, Lu Wang, Sheng-Yang Gu, Liqun Liu, Dachun Lu, Rulong Chen, Xianghui Xue, and Xiankang Dou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 15431–15446, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15431-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-15431-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Gravitational waves (GWs) with periods ranging from 10 to 30 min over 10 h and 20 wave cycles are detected within a 2 km height in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) by a coherent Doppler wind lidar. Observations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations lead to a conclusion that the GWs are excited by the wind shear of a low-level jet under the condition of light horizontal wind. The GWs are trapped in the ABL due to a combination of thermal and Doppler ducts.
Chong Wang, Mingjiao Jia, Haiyun Xia, Yunbin Wu, Tianwen Wei, Xiang Shang, Chengyun Yang, Xianghui Xue, and Xiankang Dou
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 3303–3315, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3303-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-3303-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To investigate the relationship between BLH and air pollution under different conditions, a compact micro-pulse lidar integrating both direct-detection lidar and coherent Doppler wind lidar is built. Evolution of atmospheric boundary layer height (BLH), aerosol layer and fine structure in cloud base are well retrieved. Negative correlation exists between BLH and PM2.5. Different trends show that the relationship between PM2.5 and BLH should be considered in different boundary layer categories.
Wen Yi, Xianghui Xue, Iain M. Reid, Damian J. Murphy, Chris M. Hall, Masaki Tsutsumi, Baiqi Ning, Guozhu Li, Robert A. Vincent, Jinsong Chen, Jianfei Wu, Tingdi Chen, and Xiankang Dou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7567–7581, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7567-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7567-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The seasonal variations in the mesopause densities, especially with regard to its global structure, are still unclear. In this study, we report the climatology of the mesopause density estimated using multiyear observations from nine meteor radars from Arctic to Antarctic latitudes. The results reveal a significant AO and SAO in mesopause density, an asymmetry between the two polar regions and evidence of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs), perhaps associated with the ISOs of the troposphere.
Bingkun Yu, Xianghui Xue, Xin'an Yue, Chengyun Yang, Chao Yu, Xiankang Dou, Baiqi Ning, and Lianhuan Hu
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 4139–4151, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4139-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4139-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
It reports the long-term climatology of the intensity of Es layers from COSMIC satellites. The global Es maps present high-resolution spatial distributions and seasonal dependence. It mainly occurs at mid-latitudes and polar regions. Based on wind shear theory, simulation results indicate the convergence of vertical ion velocity could partially explain the Es seasonal dependence and some disagreements between observations and simulations suggest other processes play roles in the Es variations.
Bingkun Yu, Xianghui Xue, Chengling Kuo, Gaopeng Lu, Xiankang Dou, Qi Gao, Jianfei Wu, Mingjiao Jia, Chao Yu, and Xiushu Qie
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-1025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-1025, 2018
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
This paper explores the relationship between the intensifications of atomic sodium layer and Es layer in the Mesosphere/Lower Thermosphere (MLT) region (the earth's upper atmosphere at altitudes between 90 and 130 km above ground). The multi-instrument experiment of sodium lidar observations, ionospheric observations and sodium chemical simulations advances our understanding of the dynamical and chemical coupling processes in the mesosphere and ionosphere above thunderstorms.
Tao Li, Chao Ban, Xin Fang, Jing Li, Zhaopeng Wu, Wuhu Feng, John M. C. Plane, Jiangang Xiong, Daniel R. Marsh, Michael J. Mills, and Xiankang Dou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 11683–11695, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11683-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11683-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
A total of 154 nights of observations by the USTC Na temperature and wind lidar (32° N, 117° E) suggest significant seasonal variability in the mesopause. Chemistry plays an important role in Na atom formation. More than half of the observed gravity wave (GW) momentum flux (MF), whose divergence determines the GW forcing, is induced by short-period (10 min–2 h) waves. The anticorrelation between MF and zonal wind (U) suggests strong filtering of short-period GWs by semiannual oscillation U.
Libin Weng, Jiuhou Lei, Eelco Doornbos, Hanxian Fang, and Xiankang Dou
Ann. Geophys., 36, 489–496, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-489-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-489-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Thermospheric mass density from the GOCE satellite for Sun-synchronous orbits between 83.5° S and 83.5° N normalized to 270 km during 2009–2013 has been used to develop our GOCE model at dawn/dusk local solar time sectors based on the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method. We find that both amplitude and phase of the seasonal variations have strong latitudinal and solar activity dependences, and the annual asymmetry and effect of the Sun–Earth distance vary with latitude and solar activity.
Sheng-Yang Gu, Xiankang Dou, and Dora Pancheva
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2017-563, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2017-563, 2017
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We used the NOGAPS-ALPHA reanalysis datasets upto mesopause region to investigate the anomalous Quasi-Two-Day Wave (QTDW) activities during the major Sudden Stratospheric Warming period of January 2006. We found that the SSW in the winter stratosphere could have significant influence on the QTDWs in the summer mesosphere through inter-hemispheric couplings. Our finding sheds new light on the coulings during SSW period.
Sheng-Yang Gu, Han-Li Liu, Xiankang Dou, and Tao Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4885–4896, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4885-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4885-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The influences of sudden stratospheric warming in the Northern Hemisphere on quasi-2-day waves are studied with both observations and simulations. We found the energy of W3 is transferred to W2 through the nonlinear interaction with SPW1 and the instability at winter mesopause could provide additional amplification for W3. The summer easterly is enhanced during SSW, which is more favorable for the propagation of quasi-2-day waves.
X. Luan and X. Dou
Ann. Geophys., 31, 1699–1708, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1699-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-31-1699-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Dynamics | Research Activity: Atmospheric Modelling and Data Analysis | Altitude Range: Mesosphere | Science Focus: Physics (physical properties and processes)
Quasi-10 d wave activity in the southern high-latitude mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region and its relation to large-scale instability and gravity wave drag
Studies on the Propagation Dynamics and Source Mechanism of Quasi-Monochromatic Gravity Waves Observed over São Martinho da Serra (29° S, 53° W), Brazil
Impact of a strong volcanic eruption on the summer middle atmosphere in UA-ICON simulations
Simulated long-term evolution of the thermosphere during the Holocene – Part 2: Circulation and solar tides
Simulated long-term evolution of the thermosphere during the Holocene – Part 1: Neutral density and temperature
Numerical modelling of relative contribution of planetary waves to the atmospheric circulation
Decay times of atmospheric acoustic–gravity waves after deactivation of wave forcing
Intercomparison of middle atmospheric meteorological analyses for the Northern Hemisphere winter 2009–2010
Self-consistent global transport of metallic ions with WACCM-X
Does the coupling of the semiannual oscillation with the quasi-biennial oscillation provide predictability of Antarctic sudden stratospheric warmings?
The sporadic sodium layer: a possible tracer for the conjunction between the upper and lower atmospheres
Modelled effects of temperature gradients and waves on the hydroxyl rotational distribution in ground-based airglow measurements
A study of the dynamical characteristics of inertia–gravity waves in the Antarctic mesosphere combining the PANSY radar and a non-hydrostatic general circulation model
Forcing mechanisms of the terdiurnal tide
Local time dependence of polar mesospheric clouds: a model study
The role of the winter residual circulation in the summer mesopause regions in WACCM
Influence of the sudden stratospheric warming on quasi-2-day waves
On the impact of the temporal variability of the collisional quenching process on the mesospheric OH emission layer: a study based on SD-WACCM4 and SABER
Environmental influences on the intensity changes of tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific
Modeling of very low frequency (VLF) radio wave signal profile due to solar flares using the GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation coupled with ionospheric chemistry
The genesis of Typhoon Nuri as observed during the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 (TCS08) field experiment – Part 2: Observations of the convective environment
CO at 40–80 km above Kiruna observed by the ground-based microwave radiometer KIMRA and simulated by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model
Wonseok Lee, In-Sun Song, Byeong-Gwon Song, and Yong Ha Kim
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 3559–3575, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3559-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-3559-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the seasonal variation of westward-propagating quasi-10 d wave (Q10DW) activity in the southern high-latitude mesosphere. The observed Q10DW is amplified around equinoxes. The model experiments indicate that the Q10DW can be enhanced in the high-latitude mesosphere due to large-scale instability. However, an excessively strong instability in the summer mesosphere spuriously generates the Q10DW in the model, potentially leading to inaccurate model dynamics.
Cristiano M. Wrasse, Prosper K. Nyassor, Ligia A. da Silva, Cosme O. A. B. Figueiredo, José V. Bageston, Kleber P. Naccarato, Diego Barros, Hisao Takahashi, and Delano Gobbi
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1825, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1825, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This present work investigates the propagation dynamics and the sources-source mechanisms of quasi-monochromatic gravity waves (QMGWs) observed between April, 2017 and April, 2022 at São Martinho da Serra. The QMGW parameters were estimated using a 2D spectral analysis, and their source locations were identified using a backward ray tracing model. Furthermore, the propagation conditions, sources, and source mechanisms of the QMGWs were extensively studied.
Sandra Wallis, Hauke Schmidt, and Christian von Savigny
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 7001–7014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7001-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-7001-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Strong volcanic eruptions are able to alter the temperature and the circulation of the middle atmosphere. This study simulates the atmospheric response to an idealized strong tropical eruption and focuses on the impact on the mesosphere. The simulations show a warming of the polar summer mesopause in the first November after the eruption. Our study indicates that this is mainly due to dynamical coupling in the summer hemisphere with a potential contribution from interhemispheric coupling.
Xu Zhou, Xinan Yue, Yihui Cai, Zhipeng Ren, Yong Wei, and Yongxin Pan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 6383–6393, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6383-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-6383-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Secular variations in CO2 concentration and geomagnetic field can affect the dynamics of the upper atmosphere. We examine how these two factors influence the dynamics of the upper atmosphere during the Holocene, using two sets of ~ 12 000-year control runs by the coupled thermosphere–ionosphere model. The main results show that (a) increased CO2 enhances the thermospheric circulation, but non-linearly; and (b) geomagnetic variation induced a significant hemispheric asymmetrical effect.
Yihui Cai, Xinan Yue, Xu Zhou, Zhipeng Ren, Yong Wei, and Yongxin Pan
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 5009–5021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5009-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-5009-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
On timescales longer than the solar cycle, secular changes in CO2 concentration and geomagnetic field play a key role in influencing the thermosphere. We performed four sets of ~12000-year control runs with the coupled thermosphere–ionosphere model to examine the effects of the geomagnetic field, CO2, and solar activity on thermospheric density and temperature, deepening our understanding of long-term changes in the thermosphere and making projections for future thermospheric changes.
Andrey V. Koval, Olga N. Toptunova, Maxim A. Motsakov, Ksenia A. Didenko, Tatiana S. Ermakova, Nikolai M. Gavrilov, and Eugene V. Rozanov
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 4105–4114, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4105-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-4105-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Periodic changes in all hydrodynamic parameters are constantly observed in the atmosphere. The amplitude of these fluctuations increases with height due to a decrease in the atmospheric density. In the upper layers of the atmosphere, waves are the dominant form of motion. We use a model of the general circulation of the atmosphere to study the contribution to the formation of the dynamic and temperature regimes of the middle and upper atmosphere made by different global-scale atmospheric waves.
Nikolai M. Gavrilov, Sergey P. Kshevetskii, and Andrey V. Koval
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 13713–13724, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13713-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13713-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We make high-resolution simulations of poorly understood decays of nonlinear atmospheric acoustic–gravity waves (AGWs) after deactivations of the wave forcing. The standard deviations of AGW perturbations, after fast dispersions of traveling modes, experience slower exponential decreases. AGW decay times are estimated for the first time and are 20–100 h in the stratosphere and mesosphere. This requires slow, quasi-standing and secondary modes in parameterizations of AGW impacts to be considered.
John P. McCormack, V. Lynn Harvey, Cora E. Randall, Nicholas Pedatella, Dai Koshin, Kaoru Sato, Lawrence Coy, Shingo Watanabe, Fabrizio Sassi, and Laura A. Holt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 17577–17605, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17577-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17577-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In order to have confidence in atmospheric predictions, it is important to know how well different numerical model simulations of the Earth’s atmosphere agree with one another. This work compares four different data assimilation models that extend to or beyond the mesosphere. Results shown here demonstrate that while the models are in close agreement below ~50 km, large differences arise at higher altitudes in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere that will need to be reconciled in the future.
Jianfei Wu, Wuhu Feng, Han-Li Liu, Xianghui Xue, Daniel Robert Marsh, and John Maurice Campbell Plane
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 15619–15630, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15619-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-15619-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Metal layers occur in the MLT region (80–120 km) from the ablation of cosmic dust. The latest lidar observations show these metals can reach a height approaching 200 km, which is challenging to explain. We have developed the first global simulation incorporating the full life cycle of metal atoms and ions. The model results compare well with lidar and satellite observations of the seasonal and diurnal variation of the metals and demonstrate the importance of ion mass and ion-neutral coupling.
Viktoria J. Nordström and Annika Seppälä
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 12835–12853, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12835-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12835-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The winter winds over Antarctica form a stable vortex. However, in 2019 the vortex was disrupted and the temperature in the polar stratosphere rose by 50°C. This event, called a sudden stratospheric warming, is a rare event in the Southern Hemisphere, with the only known major event having taken place in 2002. The 2019 event helps us unravel its causes, which are largely unknown. We have discovered a unique behaviour of the equatorial winds in 2002 and 2019 that may signal an impending SH SSW.
Shican Qiu, Ning Wang, Willie Soon, Gaopeng Lu, Mingjiao Jia, Xingjin Wang, Xianghui Xue, Tao Li, and Xiankang Dou
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 11927–11940, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11927-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11927-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Our results suggest that lightning strokes would probably influence the ionosphere and thus give rise to the occurrence of a sporadic sodium layer (NaS), with the overturning of the electric field playing an important role. Model simulation results show that the calculated first-order rate coefficient could explain the efficient recombination of Na+→Na in this NaS case study. A conjunction between the lower and upper atmospheres could be established by these inter-connected phenomena.
Christoph Franzen, Patrick Joseph Espy, and Robert Edward Hibbins
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 333–343, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-333-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-333-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ground-based observations of the hydroxyl (OH) airglow have indicated that the rotational energy levels may not be in thermal equilibrium with the surrounding gas. Here we use simulations of the OH airglow to show that temperature changes across the extended airglow layer, either climatological or those temporarily caused by atmospheric waves, can mimic this effect for thermalized OH. Thus, these must be considered in order to quantify the non-thermal nature of the OH airglow.
Ryosuke Shibuya and Kaoru Sato
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3395–3415, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3395-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3395-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The first long-term simulation using the high-top non-hydrostatic general circulation model (NICAM) was executed to analyze mesospheric gravity waves. A new finding in this paper is that the spectrum of the vertical fluxes of the zonal momentum has an isolated peak at frequencies slightly lower than f at latitudes from 30 to 75° S at a height of 70 km. This study discusses the physical mechanism for an explanation of the existence of the isolated spectrum peak in the mesosphere.
Friederike Lilienthal, Christoph Jacobi, and Christoph Geißler
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15725–15742, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15725-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15725-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The terdiurnal solar tide is an atmospheric wave, owing to the daily variation of solar heating with a period of 8 h. Here, we present model simulations of this tide and investigate the relative importance of possible forcing mechanisms because they are still under debate. These are, besides direct solar heating, nonlinear interactions between other tides and gravity wave–tide interactions. As a result, solar heating is most important and nonlinear effects partly counteract this forcing.
Francie Schmidt, Gerd Baumgarten, Uwe Berger, Jens Fiedler, and Franz-Josef Lübken
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 8893–8908, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8893-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-8893-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Local time variations of polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) in the Northern Hemisphere are studied using a combination of a global circulation model and a microphysical model. We investigate the brightness, altitude, and occurrence of the clouds and find a good agreement between model and observations. The variations are caused by tidal structures in background parameters. The temperature varies by about 2 K and water vapor by about 3 ppmv at the altitude of ice particle sublimation near 81.5 km.
Maartje Sanne Kuilman and Bodil Karlsson
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 4217–4228, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4217-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4217-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigate the role of the winter residual circulation in the summer mesopause region using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model. In addition, we study the role of the summer stratosphere in shaping the conditions of the summer polar mesosphere. We strengthen the evidence that the variability in the summer mesopause region is mainly driven by changes in the summer mesosphere rather than in the summer stratosphere.
Sheng-Yang Gu, Han-Li Liu, Xiankang Dou, and Tao Li
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 4885–4896, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4885-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4885-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The influences of sudden stratospheric warming in the Northern Hemisphere on quasi-2-day waves are studied with both observations and simulations. We found the energy of W3 is transferred to W2 through the nonlinear interaction with SPW1 and the instability at winter mesopause could provide additional amplification for W3. The summer easterly is enhanced during SSW, which is more favorable for the propagation of quasi-2-day waves.
S. Kowalewski, C. von Savigny, M. Palm, I. C. McDade, and J. Notholt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 10193–10210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10193-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10193-2014, 2014
Shoujuan Shu, Fuqing Zhang, Jie Ming, and Yuan Wang
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6329–6342, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6329-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-6329-2014, 2014
S. Palit, T. Basak, S. K. Mondal, S. Pal, and S. K. Chakrabarti
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9159–9168, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9159-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9159-2013, 2013
M. T. Montgomery and R. K. Smith
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 4001–4009, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4001-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4001-2012, 2012
C. G. Hoffmann, D. E. Kinnison, R. R. Garcia, M. Palm, J. Notholt, U. Raffalski, and G. Hochschild
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 3261–3271, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3261-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3261-2012, 2012
Cited articles
Auclair-Desrotour, P., Laskar, J., and Mathis, S.: Atmospheric tides and
their consequences on the rotational dynamics of terrestrial planets,
EAS Publications, 82, 81–90,
https://doi.org/10.1051/eas/1982008, 2017.
Baumgarten, K., Gerding, M., Baumgarten, G., and Lübken, F.-J.: Temporal variability of tidal and gravity waves during a record long 10-day continuous lidar sounding, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 371–384, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-371-2018, 2018.
Beres, J. H., Garcia, R. R., Boville, B. A., and Sassi, F.: Implementation
of a gravity wave source spectrum parameterization dependent on the
properties of convection in the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model
(WACCM), J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10108,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005504, 2015.
Calvo-Fernández, N., Herrera, R. G., Puyol, D. G. , Martín, E. H.,
García, R. R., Presa, L. G., and Rodriguez, P. R.: Analysis of the enso
signal in tropospheric and stratospheric temperatures observed by MSU,
1979–2000, J. Climate, 17, 3934–3946, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<3934:aotesi>2.0.co;2, 2004.
Cen, Y.: 1979–2014 SDWACCM data, figshare [data set], https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19777918, 2022.
Chapman, S. and Lindzen, R.: Atmospheric tides – thermal and gravitational, p. 200, ix, D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, the Netherlands, 1970.
Davis, R. N., Du, J., Smith, A. K., Ward, W. E., and Mitchell, N. J.: The diurnal and semidiurnal tides over Ascension Island (∘ S,
14∘ W) and their interaction with the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation: studies with meteor radar, eCMAM and WACCM, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 9543–9564, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9543-2013, 2013.
Dhadly, M. S., Emmert, J. T., Drob, D. P., McCormack, J. P., and
Niciejewski, R.: Short-term and interannual variations of migrating diurnal
and semidiurnal tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Space Physics, 123, 7106–7123,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025748, 2018.
Forbes, J. M.: Tidal and planetary waves, Geoph. Monog. Series, 87, 67–87,
https://doi.org/10.1029/GM087p0067, 1995.
Forbes, J. M. and Vincent, R. A.: Effects of mean winds and dissipation on
the diurnal propagating tide: an analytic approach, Planet. Space
Sci., 37, 197–209, https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(89)90007-X, 1989.
Gan, Q., Du, J., Ward, W. E., Beagley, S. R., Fomichev, V. I., and Zhang,
S.: Climatology of the diurnal tides from eCMAM30 (1979 to 2010) and its
comparisons with SABER, Earth Planets Space, 66, 103,
https://doi.org/10.1186/1880-5981-66-103, 2014.
Garcia, R. R., Marsh, D. R., Kinnison, D. E., Boville, B. A., and Sassi, F.:
Simulation of secular trends in the middle atmosphere, 1950–2003, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D09301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007485,
2007.
GATS Inc.: SABER Level 2A data (version 2), GATS Inc. [data set], Newport News, VA, USA, http://saber.gats-inc.com, last access: 1 June 2022.
Gray, W. M.: Atlantic seasonal hurricane frequency: Part I: El Niño and
30 mb quasi-biennial oscillation influences, Mon. Wea.
Rev., 112, 1649–1668, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1984)112<1649:ASHFPI>2.0.CO;2, 1984.
Gurubaran, S. and Rajaram, R.: Long-term variability in the mesospheric
tidal winds observed by MF radar over Tirunelveli (8.7∘ N,
77.8∘ E). Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 1113–1116,
https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GL900171, 1999.
Gurubaran, S., Rajaram, R., Nakamura, T., and Tsuda, T.: Interannual
variability of diurnal tide in the tropical mesopause region: a signature of
the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Geophys. Res. Lett.,
32, L13805, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005gl022928, 2005.
Hagan, M. E. and Forbes, J. M.: Migrating and nonmigrating diurnal tides in
the middle and upper atmosphere excited by tropospheric latent heat release,
J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4754, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001236,
2002.
Hagan, M. E., Burrage, M. D., Forbes, J. M., Hackney, J., Randel, W. J., and
Zhang, X.: QBO effects on the diurnal tide in the upper atmosphere, Earth
Planet Space, 51, 571–578, https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03353216, 1999.
Hoerling, M. P., Kumar, A., and Zhong, M.: El Niño, La Niña, and the
nonlinearity of their teleconnections, J. Climate, 10, 1769–1786,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010<1769:ENOLNA>2.0.CO;2, 1997.
Kissell, R. and Poserina, J.: Optimal Sports Math, Statistics, and Fantasy, Academic Press, 352 p.,
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-805163-4.00002-5, 2017.
Kogure, M. and Liu, H.: DW1 tidal enhancements in the equatorial MLT during
2015 El Niño: The relative role of tidal heating and propagation,
J. Geophys. Res.-Space Physics, 126, e2021JA029342,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029342, 2021.
Kunz, A., Pan, L., Konopka, P., Kinnison, D., and Tilmes, S.: Chemical and
dynamical discontinuity at the extratropical tropopause based on START08 and
WACCM analyses, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D24302,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016686, 2011.
Li, T., She, C. Y., Liu, H., Yue, J., Nakamura, T., and Krueger, D. A.:
Observation of local tidal variability and instability, along with
dissipation of diurnal tidal harmonics in the mesopause region over Fort
Collins, Colorado (41∘ N, 105∘ W) (1984–2012), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D06106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008jd011089, 2009.
Li, T., Calvo, N., Yue, J., Dou, X., Russell III, J. M., Mlynczak, M. G.,
She, C. Y., and Xue, X.: Influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation in
the mesosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 3292–3296,
https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50598, 2013.
Li, T., Calvo, N., Yue, J., Russell III, J. M., Smith, A. K., Mlynczak, M.
G., Chandran, A., Dou, X., and Liu, A. Z.: Southern Hemisphere summer
mesopause responses to El Niño-Southern Oscillation, J. Climate, 29,
6319–6328, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0816.1, 2016.
Lieberman, R. S., Ortland, D. A., and Yarosh, E. S.: Climatology and
interannual variability of diurnal water vapor heating, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jd002308, 2003.
Lieberman, R. S., Riggin, D. M., Ortland, D. A., Nesbitt, S. W., and
Vincent, R. A.: Variability of mesospheric diurnal tides and tropospheric
diurnal heating during 1997–1998, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jd008578, 2007.
Liu, A. Z., Lu, X., and Franke, S. J.: Diurnal variation of gravity wave
momentum flux and its forcing on the diurnal tide, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 1668–1678,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD018653, 2013.
Liu, H., Sun, Y. Y., Miyoshi, Y., and Jin, H.: ENSO effects on MLT diurnal
tides: A 21 year reanalysis data-driven GAIA model simulation, J. Geophys. Res.-Space Phys., 122, 5539–5549,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024011, 2017.
Liu, H. L. and Hagan, M. E.: Local heating/cooling of the mesosphere due to
gravity wave and tidal coupling, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25,
2941–2944, https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL02153, 1998.
Liu, H. L., Wang, W., Richmond, A. D., and Roble, R. G.: Ionospheric
variability due to planetary waves and tides for solar minimum conditions,
J. Geophys. Res.-Space Phys., 115, A00G01,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA015188, 2010.
Lu, X., Liu, A. Z., Swenson, G. R., Li, T., Leblanc, T., and McDermid, I.
S.: Gravity wave propagation and dissipation from the stratosphere to the
lower thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114,
D11101, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010112, 2009.
Lu, X., Liu, A. Z., Oberheide, J., Wu, Q., Li, T., Li, Z., Swenson, G. R., and Franke, S. J.: Seasonal variability of the diurnal tide in the mesosphere and lower
thermosphere over Maui, Hawaii (20.7∘ N, 156.3∘ W),
J. Geophys. Res., 116, D17103,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD015599, 2011.
Lu, X., Liu, H. L., Liu, A. Z., Yue, J., McInerney, J. M., and Li, Z.:
Momentum budget of the migrating diurnal tide in the Whole Atmosphere
Community Climate Model at vernal equinox, J. Geophys. Res.,
117, D07112, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017089, 2012.
Mayr, H. G. and Mengel, J. G.: Interannual variations of the diurnal tide in
the mesosphere generated by the quasi-biennial oscillation, J. Geophys. Res.,
110, D10111, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005055, 2005.
McLandress, C.: Interannual variations of the diurnal tide in the mesosphere
induced by a zonal- mean wind oscillation in the tropics, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 29, 1305, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001GL014551, 2002a.
McLandress, C.: The seasonal variation of the propagating diurnal tide in
the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Part II: The role of tidal heating
and zonal mean winds, J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 907–922,
https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0907:Tsvotp>2.0.Co;2, 2002b.
McLandress, C., Shepherd, G. G., and Solheim, B. H.: Satellite observations
of thermospheric tides: Results from the wind imaging interferometer on
UARS, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 101, 4093–4114,
https://doi.org/10.1029/95jd03359, 1996.
Mertens, C. J., Mlynczak, M. G., Lopez-Puertas, M., Wintersteiner, P. P.,
Picard, R. H., Winick, J. R., and Gordley, L. L.: Retrieval of mesospheric
and lower thermos pheric kinetic temperature form measurements of CO2 15 µm Earth limb emission under non-LTE conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1391–1394, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012189, 2001.
Mertens, C. J., Schmidlin, F. J., Goldberg, R. A., Remsberg, E. E., Pesnell,
W. D., Russell, J. M., Mlynczak, M. G., Lopez-Puertas, M., Wintersteiner, P.
P., Picard, R. H., Winick, J. R., and Gordley, L. L.: SABER observations of
mesospheric temperatures and comparisons with falling sphere measurements
taken during the 2002 summer MaCWAVE campaign, Geophys. Res. Lett.,
31, L03105, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003gl018605, 2004.
Pedatella, N. M. and Liu, H. L.: Tidal variability in the mesosphere and
lower thermosphere due to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L19802, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012gl053383, 2012.
Pedatella, N. M. and Liu, H. L.: Influence of the El Niño Southern
Oscillation on the middle and upper atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 118, 2744–2755, https://doi.org/10.1002/Jgra.50286, 2013.
Ramesh, K., Smith, A. K., Garcia, R. R., Marsh, D. R., Sridharan, S., and
Kishore Kumar, K.: Long-term variability and tendencies in migrating diurnal
tide from WACCM6 simulations during 1850–2014, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 125, e2020JD033644, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033644, 2020.
Randel, W. J., Shine, K. P., Austin, J., Barnett, J., Claud, C., and
Gillett, N. P.: An update of observed stratospheric temperature
trends, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D02107,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD010421, 2009.
Rezac, L., Jian, Y., Yue, J., Russell III, M. J., Kutepov, A., Garcia, R.,
Walker, K., and Bernath, P.: Validation of the global distribution of CO2
volume mixing ratio in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere from SABER, J.
Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 120, 12067–12081, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD023955, 2015.
Sassi, F., Kinnison, D., Boville, B., Garcia, R., and Roble, R.: Effect of
el niño–southern oscillation on the dynamical, thermal, and chemical
structure of the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D17108,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2003jd004434, 2004.
Smith, A. K.: Global Dynamics of the MLT, Surv. Geophys., 33, 1177–1230, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-012-9196-9, 2012.
Smith, A. K., Pedatella, N. M., Marsh, D. R., and Matsuo, T.: On the
Dynamical Control of the Mesosphere – Lower Thermosphere by the Lower and
Middle Atmosphere, J. Atmos. Sci., 74, 933–947,
https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-16-0226.1, 2017.
Sridharan, S.: Seasonal variations of low-latitude migrating and
nonmigrating diurnal and semidiurnal tides in TIMED-SABER temperature and
their relationship with source variations, J. Geophys. Res.-Space Phys., 124, 3558–3572, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA026190, 2019.
Sridharan, S.: Equatorial upper mesospheric mean winds and tidal response to
strong El Niño and La Niña, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phy., 202, 105270, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105270, 2020.
Sridharan, S., Tsuda, T., and Gurubaran, S.: Long-term tendencies in the
mesosphere/lower thermosphere mean winds and tides as observed by
medium-frequency radar at Tirunelveli (8.7∘ N, 77.8∘ E), J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 115, D08109, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011609, 2010.
Vincent, R. A., Kovalam, S., Fritts, D. C., and Isler, J. R.: Long-term MF
radar observations of solar tides in the low-latitude mesosphere:
Interannual variability and comparisons with GSWM, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 8667–8683, https://doi.org/10.1029/98JD00482, 1998.
Vitharana, A., Du, J., Zhu, X., Oberheide, J., and Ward, W. E.: Numerical
prediction of the migrating diurnal tide total variability in the mesosphere
and lower thermosphere, J. Geophys. Res.-Space Phys., 126,
e2021JA029588, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029588, 2021.
Volland, H.: Atmospheric Tidal and Planetary Waves[M], Springer Netherlands,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2861-9, 1988.
Wallace, J. M., Panetta. R. L., and Estberg J.: Representation of the
equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation in EOF phase space, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1751–1762, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1993)050<1751:ROTESQ>2.0.CO;2, 1993.
Walterscheid, R. L.: Inertia-gravity wave induced accelerations of mean flow
having an imposed periodic component: Implications for tidal observations in
the meteor region, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 86,
9698–9706, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC086iC10p09698, 1981a.
Walterscheid, R. L.: Dynamical cooling induced by dissipating internal
gravity waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 8, 1235–1238, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL008i012p01235, 1981b.
Xu, J., Smith, A. K., Liu, H.-L., Yuan, W., Wu, Q., Jiang, G., Mlynczak, G.
M., Russell III, J. M., and Franke, S. J.: Seasonal and quasi-biennial
variations in the migrating diurnal tide observed by Thermosphere,
Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED), J. Geophys. Res.,
114, D13107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JD011298, 2009.
Xu, J. Y., Liu, H. L., Yuan, W., Smith, A. K., Roble, R. G., Mertens, C. J.,
Russell, J. M., and Mlynczak, M. G.: Mesopause structure from thermosphere,
ionosphere, mesosphere, energetics, and dynamics (TIMED)/sounding of the
atmosphere using broadband emission radiometry (SABER) observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 112, D09102, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jd007711, 2007a.
Xu, J. Y., Smith, A. K., Yuan, W., Liu, H. L., Wu, Q., Mlynczak, M. G., and
Russell, J. M.: Global structure and long-term variations of zonal mean
temperature observed by TIMED/SABER, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D24106, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007jd008546, 2007b.
Yang, C., Smith, A. K., Li, T., and Dou, X.: The effect of the Madden-Julian
oscillation on the mesospheric migrating diurnal tide: A study using
SD-WACCM, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 5105–5114,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077956, 2018.
Yulaeva, E. and Wallace, J. M.: The signature of ENSO in global
temperature and precipitation fields derived from the microwave sounding
unit, J. Climate, 7, 1719–1736, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<1719:TSOEIG>2.0.CO;2, 1994.
Zhang, X., Forbes, J. M., and Hagan, M. E.: Longitudinal variation of tides
in the MLT region: 1. Tides driven by tropospheric net radiative heating,
J. Geophys. Res.-Space Phys., 115, A06316,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA014897, 2010.
Zhou, X., Wan, W., Yu, Y., Ning, B., Hu, L., and Yue, X.: New approach to
estimate tidal climatology from ground-and space-based observations, J. Geophys. Res.-Space Phys., 123, 5087–5101,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JA024967, 2018.
Short summary
The MLT DW1 amplitude is suppressed during El Niño winters in both satellite observation and SD-WACCM simulations. The suppressed Hough mode (1, 1) in the tropopause region propagates vertically to the MLT region, leading to decreased DW1 amplitude. The latitudinal zonal wind shear anomalies during El Niño winters would narrow the waveguide and prevent the vertical propagation of DW1. The gravity wave drag excited by ENSO-induced anomalous convection could also modulate the MLT DW1 amplitude.
The MLT DW1 amplitude is suppressed during El Niño winters in both satellite observation and...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint