Articles | Volume 21, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7217-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7217-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
12 May 2021
Research article |
| 12 May 2021
| 12 May 2021
Analysis of CO2 spatio-temporal variations in China using a weather–biosphere online coupled model
School of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences & Institute for Climate and Global Change Research, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
School of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences & Institute for Climate and Global Change Research, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
Yujun Jiang
Zhejiang Meteorological Science Institute, Hangzhou, 310008, China
Zhejiang Lin'an Atmospheric Background National Observation and Research Station, Hangzhou, 311307, China
Xiao-Ming Hu
Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73072, USA
Qianli Ma
Zhejiang Lin'an Atmospheric Background National Observation and Research Station, Hangzhou, 311307, China
Jingjiao Pu
Zhejiang Meteorological Science Institute, Hangzhou, 310008, China
Guangqiang Zhou
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health and Meteorology, Shanghai Meteorological Service, Shanghai, 200135, China
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32 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Simulation and Assimilation of CO2 Concentrations Based on the WRF-Chem Model W. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13124010
- Effects of land-use transitions on net carbon fluxes in a rapidly urbanizing and agriculturally intensification region M. Muluneh et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-026-07443-w
- A WRF-Chem study of the greenhouse gas column and in situ surface mole fractions observed at Xianghe, China – Part 2: Sensitivity of carbon dioxide (CO2) simulations to critical model parameters S. Callewaert et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-899-2026
- A review of datasets and methods for deriving spatiotemporal distributions of atmospheric CO2 C. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116101
- Assessing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and contributions from biogenic and anthropogenic sources in the Pearl River Delta region B. Mai et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101864
- Evaluation of Original and Water Stress-Incorporated Modified Weather Research and Forecasting Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model in Simulating CO2 Flux and Concentration Variability over the Tibetan Plateau H. Niu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15235474
- Evaluation of high‐resolution regional CO2 data assimilation–forecast system in East Asia using observing system simulation experiment and effect of observation network on simulated CO2 concentrations M. Seo & H. Kim https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4987
- Deep Learning Insights into Seamless Reconstruction of XCO2 in China: Spatiotemporal Patterns and Driving Mechanisms W. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18091366
- Spatial Synergies Between Air Pollutants and CO2 in China: From Emission and Concentration Perspectives Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18104792
- Spatial-temporal heterogeneity of carbon dioxide concentration in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei based on interpretable theory Z. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108215
- Deriving Full‐Coverage and Fine‐Scale XCO2 Across China Based on OCO‐2 Satellite Retrievals and CarbonTracker Output C. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098435
- Simulation and analysis of CO2 concentration in China from 2009 to 2021 based on the WRF-Chem model W. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108732
- Using OCO-2 Observations to Constrain Regional CO2 Fluxes Estimated with the Vegetation, Photosynthesis and Respiration Model I. Konovalov et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17020177
- Study on CO 2 concentration assimilation by integrating a multi-source satellite fusion dataset based on the WRF-Chem model W. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2026.2612845
- Effect of meteorological data assimilation using 3DVAR on high-resolution simulations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations in East Asia M. Seo & H. Kim https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2023.101759
- Mapping contiguous XCO2 by machine learning and analyzing the spatio-temporal variation in China from 2003 to 2019 M. Zhang & G. Liu https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159588
- Estimating anthropogenic CO2 emissions from China's Yangtze River Delta using OCO-2 observations and WRF-Chem simulations M. Sheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2024.114515
- A high-resolution hourly XCO 2 dataset for eastern China (2016–2020) based on WRF-Chem simulations and multi-source validation W. Li & T. Ren https://doi.org/10.1080/20964471.2025.2585587
- Seamless reconstruction and spatiotemporal analysis of satellite-based XCO2 incorporating temporal characteristics: A case study in China during 2015–2020 J. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.07.007
- Coupled relationship between net ecosystem productivity and atmospheric CO2 concentrations response to land use change in Central Yunnan Plateau X. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2026.101287
- Optimizing CO2 Concentrations and Emissions Based on the WRF-Chem Model Integrated with the 3DVAR and EAKF Methods W. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18010174
- Assessing future greenhouse gas concentrations in Madrid, Spain: a dynamical downscaling approach using WRF-VPRM R. Jose et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-025-01798-1
- Simulating Net Ecosystem Exchange of China’s Three Staple Food Crops and Their Responses to Heatwaves Y. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18091399
- Detecting the Response of Column Carbon Dioxide Concentration to Anthropogenic Emissions Using the OCO Series Satellites W. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18091410
- Characterizing Average Seasonal, Synoptic, and Finer Variability in Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2 XCO2 Across North America and Adjacent Ocean Basins K. Mitchell et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD036696
- A comparison of CO2 emissions from the national greenhouse gases inventory report with CO2 emissions from the global inverse models and the regional WRF-Chem in the Korean Peninsula Y. Cho et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10195-5
- Quantifying the impacts of environmental stress factors on biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in China C. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110480
- A WRF-Chem study of the greenhouse gas column and in situ surface concentrations observed in Xianghe, China – Part 1: Methane (CH4) S. Callewaert et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9519-2025
- Effect of atmospheric conditions and VPRM parameters on high-resolution regional CO2 simulations over East Asia M. Seo et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-023-04663-2
- Coupled weather-biosphere model (WRF-VPRM) response to extreme land cover scenarios over Ganga basin: a cross-component analysis V. Huggannavar & J. Indu https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/acea1e
- Quantifying the Impact of COVID‐19 Pandemic on the Spatiotemporal Changes of CO2 Concentrations in the Yangtze River Delta, China Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD038512
- Seasonal and Diurnal Variations in XCO2 Characteristics in China as Observed by OCO‐2/3 Satellites: Effects of Land Cover and Local Meteorology H. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD038841
32 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Simulation and Assimilation of CO2 Concentrations Based on the WRF-Chem Model W. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13124010
- Effects of land-use transitions on net carbon fluxes in a rapidly urbanizing and agriculturally intensification region M. Muluneh et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-026-07443-w
- A WRF-Chem study of the greenhouse gas column and in situ surface mole fractions observed at Xianghe, China – Part 2: Sensitivity of carbon dioxide (CO2) simulations to critical model parameters S. Callewaert et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-26-899-2026
- A review of datasets and methods for deriving spatiotemporal distributions of atmospheric CO2 C. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116101
- Assessing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and contributions from biogenic and anthropogenic sources in the Pearl River Delta region B. Mai et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101864
- Evaluation of Original and Water Stress-Incorporated Modified Weather Research and Forecasting Vegetation Photosynthesis and Respiration Model in Simulating CO2 Flux and Concentration Variability over the Tibetan Plateau H. Niu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15235474
- Evaluation of high‐resolution regional CO2 data assimilation–forecast system in East Asia using observing system simulation experiment and effect of observation network on simulated CO2 concentrations M. Seo & H. Kim https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4987
- Deep Learning Insights into Seamless Reconstruction of XCO2 in China: Spatiotemporal Patterns and Driving Mechanisms W. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18091366
- Spatial Synergies Between Air Pollutants and CO2 in China: From Emission and Concentration Perspectives Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18104792
- Spatial-temporal heterogeneity of carbon dioxide concentration in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei based on interpretable theory Z. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108215
- Deriving Full‐Coverage and Fine‐Scale XCO2 Across China Based on OCO‐2 Satellite Retrievals and CarbonTracker Output C. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098435
- Simulation and analysis of CO2 concentration in China from 2009 to 2021 based on the WRF-Chem model W. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108732
- Using OCO-2 Observations to Constrain Regional CO2 Fluxes Estimated with the Vegetation, Photosynthesis and Respiration Model I. Konovalov et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17020177
- Study on CO 2 concentration assimilation by integrating a multi-source satellite fusion dataset based on the WRF-Chem model W. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2026.2612845
- Effect of meteorological data assimilation using 3DVAR on high-resolution simulations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations in East Asia M. Seo & H. Kim https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2023.101759
- Mapping contiguous XCO2 by machine learning and analyzing the spatio-temporal variation in China from 2003 to 2019 M. Zhang & G. Liu https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159588
- Estimating anthropogenic CO2 emissions from China's Yangtze River Delta using OCO-2 observations and WRF-Chem simulations M. Sheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2024.114515
- A high-resolution hourly XCO 2 dataset for eastern China (2016–2020) based on WRF-Chem simulations and multi-source validation W. Li & T. Ren https://doi.org/10.1080/20964471.2025.2585587
- Seamless reconstruction and spatiotemporal analysis of satellite-based XCO2 incorporating temporal characteristics: A case study in China during 2015–2020 J. He et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.07.007
- Coupled relationship between net ecosystem productivity and atmospheric CO2 concentrations response to land use change in Central Yunnan Plateau X. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2026.101287
- Optimizing CO2 Concentrations and Emissions Based on the WRF-Chem Model Integrated with the 3DVAR and EAKF Methods W. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18010174
- Assessing future greenhouse gas concentrations in Madrid, Spain: a dynamical downscaling approach using WRF-VPRM R. Jose et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-025-01798-1
- Simulating Net Ecosystem Exchange of China’s Three Staple Food Crops and Their Responses to Heatwaves Y. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18091399
- Detecting the Response of Column Carbon Dioxide Concentration to Anthropogenic Emissions Using the OCO Series Satellites W. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18091410
- Characterizing Average Seasonal, Synoptic, and Finer Variability in Orbiting Carbon Observatory‐2 XCO2 Across North America and Adjacent Ocean Basins K. Mitchell et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD036696
- A comparison of CO2 emissions from the national greenhouse gases inventory report with CO2 emissions from the global inverse models and the regional WRF-Chem in the Korean Peninsula Y. Cho et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-024-10195-5
- Quantifying the impacts of environmental stress factors on biogenic volatile organic compound emissions in China C. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110480
- A WRF-Chem study of the greenhouse gas column and in situ surface concentrations observed in Xianghe, China – Part 1: Methane (CH4) S. Callewaert et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-9519-2025
- Effect of atmospheric conditions and VPRM parameters on high-resolution regional CO2 simulations over East Asia M. Seo et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-023-04663-2
- Coupled weather-biosphere model (WRF-VPRM) response to extreme land cover scenarios over Ganga basin: a cross-component analysis V. Huggannavar & J. Indu https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/acea1e
- Quantifying the Impact of COVID‐19 Pandemic on the Spatiotemporal Changes of CO2 Concentrations in the Yangtze River Delta, China Y. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD038512
- Seasonal and Diurnal Variations in XCO2 Characteristics in China as Observed by OCO‐2/3 Satellites: Effects of Land Cover and Local Meteorology H. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD038841
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 09 Jun 2026
Short summary
The dynamics of CO2 has received considerable attention in the literature, yet uncertainties remain. We applied an online coupled weather-biosphere model to simulate biosphere processes and meteorology simultaneously to characterize CO2 dynamics in China. Anthropogenic emission was more influential in upper air, and the biosphere flux played a more important role in surface CO2, suggesting a significant influence of the boundary layer thermal structure on the accumulation and depletion of CO2.
The dynamics of CO2 has received considerable attention in the literature, yet uncertainties...
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