Articles | Volume 21, issue 15
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11905-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-11905-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
A phenomenology of new particle formation (NPF) at 13 European sites
Dimitrios Bousiotis
Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
Francis D. Pope
Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
David C. S. Beddows
Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
Manuel Dall'Osto
Institute of Marine Sciences, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37–49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
Andreas Massling
Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus
University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Jakob Klenø Nøjgaard
Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus
University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
The National Research Centre for the Working Environment,
Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
Claus Nordstrøm
Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus
University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
Jarkko V. Niemi
Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority
(HSY), 00066 HSY, Helsinki, Finland
Harri Portin
Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority
(HSY), 00066 HSY, Helsinki, Finland
Tuukka Petäjä
Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research
(INAR)/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Noemi Perez
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water
Research (IDAEA – CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
Andrés Alastuey
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water
Research (IDAEA – CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
Xavier Querol
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water
Research (IDAEA – CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
Giorgos Kouvarakis
Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL),
Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
Nikos Mihalopoulos
Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (ECPL),
Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
Stergios Vratolis
Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of
Nuclear and Radiological Science & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR
Demokritos, Athens, Greece
Konstantinos Eleftheriadis
Environmental Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of
Nuclear and Radiological Science & Technology, Energy & Safety, NCSR
Demokritos, Athens, Greece
Alfred Wiedensohler
Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research
(TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
Kay Weinhold
Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research
(TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
Maik Merkel
Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research
(TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
Thomas Tuch
Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research
(TROPOS), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United
Kingdom
Department of
Environmental Sciences/Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King
Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Cited
36 citations as recorded by crossref.
- On the potential of the Cluster Ion Counter (CIC) to observe local new particle formation, condensation sink and growth rate of newly formed particles M. Kulmala et al.
- Atmospheric Particle Number Concentrations and New Particle Formation over the Southern Ocean and Antarctica: A Critical Review J. Wang et al.
- Traffic-Emitted Amines Promote New Particle Formation at Roadsides J. Brean et al.
- Classifying ultrafine particle formation using machine learning on total number concentrations H. Movahhedinia et al.
- Dispersion of ultrafine particle pollution from an international airport: Characteristics and short- and long-term effects in surrounding areas T. Lepistö et al.
- A study on the performance of low-cost sensors for source apportionment at an urban background site D. Bousiotis et al.
- Atmospheric new particle formation in the eastern region of China: an investigation on mechanism and influencing factors at multiple sites J. Jin et al.
- Investigation of Formic Acid involved Molecular Clusters with Atmospheric Acidic, Basic and Neutral Species R. Kohli & A. Mittal
- Infrequent new particle formation in a coastal Mediterranean city during the summer A. Aktypis et al.
- Atmospheric aerosol spatial variability: Impacts on air quality and climate change S. Manavi et al.
- Measurement of road traffic brake and tyre dust emissions using both particle composition and size distribution data D. Beddows et al.
- Phenomenology of ultrafine particle concentrations and size distribution across urban Europe P. Trechera et al.
- Types of regional and localised new aerosol particle formation and growth processes: Atmospheric Banana Atlas I. Salma et al.
- First insights into the new particle formation mechanism in Istanbul M. Coşgun et al.
- Frequent new particle formation at remote sites in the subboreal forest of North America M. Andreae et al.
- Ambient ultrafine particle (PM0.1): Sources, characteristics, measurements and exposure implications on human health S. Abdillah & Y. Wang
- Cooking emissions dominated the high-resolution spatial variations of ultrafine particles (PM0.1) in a Chinese megacity Q. Yang et al.
- Decrease in Nucleated Particles and Cloud Condensation Nuclei Observed across a Range of Environments D. Park et al.
- Comparison of aerosol number size distribution and new particle formation in summer at alpine and urban regions in the Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China H. Liu et al.
- Measurement report: Contribution of atmospheric new particle formation to ultrafine particle concentration, cloud condensation nuclei, and radiative forcing – results from 5-year observations in central Europe J. Sun et al.
- Characterization of ultrafine particles and the occurrence of new particle formation events in an urban and coastal site of the Mediterranean area A. Dinoi et al.
- Parameterization of particle formation rates in distinct atmospheric environments X. Li et al.
- Interpretation of particle number size distribution, ultrafine particles and black carbon concentrations in Istanbul Z. Çolak et al.
- Significant spatial gradients in new particle formation frequency in Greece during summer A. Aktypis et al.
- Key characteristics and statistical investigation of new particle formation events at a Mediterranean site M. Triantafyllaki et al.
- Intermediate ions as indicator for local new particle formation S. Tuovinen et al.
- Nanoparticle ranking analysis: determining new particle formation (NPF) event occurrence and intensity based on the concentration spectrum of formed (sub-5 nm) particles D. Aliaga et al.
- Road Traffic Emissions Lead to Much Enhanced New Particle Formation through Increased Growth Rates J. Brean et al.
- Ventilation and low pollution enhancing new particle formation in Milan, Italy M. Agrò et al.
- The impacts of the Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) and COVID-19 restrictions on air quality in central London – evidence for an increase in small particles D. Gregg et al.
- Ultrafine particles: Sources, toxicity, and deposition dynamics in the human respiratory tract —— experimental and computational approaches L. Chen et al.
- Annual cycle of hygroscopic properties and mixing state of the suburban aerosol in Athens, Greece C. Spitieri et al.
- Trends of PM1 aerosol chemical composition, carbonaceous aerosol, and source over the last 10 years at Melpitz (Germany) S. Atabakhsh et al.
- Can a Weekly Cycle in Pollutants be Observed Offshore the U.S. East Coast with Airborne Measurements? T. Ajayi et al.
- The behaviour of charged particles (ions) during new particle formation events in urban Leipzig, Germany A. Rowell et al.
- Particle number size distribution and new particle formation in Xiamen, the coastal city of Southeast China in wintertime J. Wang et al.
36 citations as recorded by crossref.
- On the potential of the Cluster Ion Counter (CIC) to observe local new particle formation, condensation sink and growth rate of newly formed particles M. Kulmala et al.
- Atmospheric Particle Number Concentrations and New Particle Formation over the Southern Ocean and Antarctica: A Critical Review J. Wang et al.
- Traffic-Emitted Amines Promote New Particle Formation at Roadsides J. Brean et al.
- Classifying ultrafine particle formation using machine learning on total number concentrations H. Movahhedinia et al.
- Dispersion of ultrafine particle pollution from an international airport: Characteristics and short- and long-term effects in surrounding areas T. Lepistö et al.
- A study on the performance of low-cost sensors for source apportionment at an urban background site D. Bousiotis et al.
- Atmospheric new particle formation in the eastern region of China: an investigation on mechanism and influencing factors at multiple sites J. Jin et al.
- Investigation of Formic Acid involved Molecular Clusters with Atmospheric Acidic, Basic and Neutral Species R. Kohli & A. Mittal
- Infrequent new particle formation in a coastal Mediterranean city during the summer A. Aktypis et al.
- Atmospheric aerosol spatial variability: Impacts on air quality and climate change S. Manavi et al.
- Measurement of road traffic brake and tyre dust emissions using both particle composition and size distribution data D. Beddows et al.
- Phenomenology of ultrafine particle concentrations and size distribution across urban Europe P. Trechera et al.
- Types of regional and localised new aerosol particle formation and growth processes: Atmospheric Banana Atlas I. Salma et al.
- First insights into the new particle formation mechanism in Istanbul M. Coşgun et al.
- Frequent new particle formation at remote sites in the subboreal forest of North America M. Andreae et al.
- Ambient ultrafine particle (PM0.1): Sources, characteristics, measurements and exposure implications on human health S. Abdillah & Y. Wang
- Cooking emissions dominated the high-resolution spatial variations of ultrafine particles (PM0.1) in a Chinese megacity Q. Yang et al.
- Decrease in Nucleated Particles and Cloud Condensation Nuclei Observed across a Range of Environments D. Park et al.
- Comparison of aerosol number size distribution and new particle formation in summer at alpine and urban regions in the Guanzhong Plain, Northwest China H. Liu et al.
- Measurement report: Contribution of atmospheric new particle formation to ultrafine particle concentration, cloud condensation nuclei, and radiative forcing – results from 5-year observations in central Europe J. Sun et al.
- Characterization of ultrafine particles and the occurrence of new particle formation events in an urban and coastal site of the Mediterranean area A. Dinoi et al.
- Parameterization of particle formation rates in distinct atmospheric environments X. Li et al.
- Interpretation of particle number size distribution, ultrafine particles and black carbon concentrations in Istanbul Z. Çolak et al.
- Significant spatial gradients in new particle formation frequency in Greece during summer A. Aktypis et al.
- Key characteristics and statistical investigation of new particle formation events at a Mediterranean site M. Triantafyllaki et al.
- Intermediate ions as indicator for local new particle formation S. Tuovinen et al.
- Nanoparticle ranking analysis: determining new particle formation (NPF) event occurrence and intensity based on the concentration spectrum of formed (sub-5 nm) particles D. Aliaga et al.
- Road Traffic Emissions Lead to Much Enhanced New Particle Formation through Increased Growth Rates J. Brean et al.
- Ventilation and low pollution enhancing new particle formation in Milan, Italy M. Agrò et al.
- The impacts of the Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) and COVID-19 restrictions on air quality in central London – evidence for an increase in small particles D. Gregg et al.
- Ultrafine particles: Sources, toxicity, and deposition dynamics in the human respiratory tract —— experimental and computational approaches L. Chen et al.
- Annual cycle of hygroscopic properties and mixing state of the suburban aerosol in Athens, Greece C. Spitieri et al.
- Trends of PM1 aerosol chemical composition, carbonaceous aerosol, and source over the last 10 years at Melpitz (Germany) S. Atabakhsh et al.
- Can a Weekly Cycle in Pollutants be Observed Offshore the U.S. East Coast with Airborne Measurements? T. Ajayi et al.
- The behaviour of charged particles (ions) during new particle formation events in urban Leipzig, Germany A. Rowell et al.
- Particle number size distribution and new particle formation in Xiamen, the coastal city of Southeast China in wintertime J. Wang et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 18 May 2026
Short summary
Formation of new particles is a key process in the atmosphere. New particle formation events arising from nucleation of gaseous precursors have been analysed in extensive datasets from 13 sites in five European countries in terms of frequency, nucleation rate, and particle growth rate, with several common features and many differences identified. Although nucleation frequencies are lower at roadside sites, nucleation rates and particle growth rates are typically higher.
Formation of new particles is a key process in the atmosphere. New particle formation events...
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