Articles | Volume 21, issue 13 
            
                
                    
            
            
            https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10763-2021
                    © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-10763-2021
                    © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Technical note: A new approach to discriminate different black carbon sources by utilising fullerene and metals in positive matrix factorisation analysis of high-resolution soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer data
                                            Department of Earth and Environment Science, The University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
                                        
                                    
                                            Department of Earth and Environment Science, The University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
                                        
                                    James Brooks
                                            Department of Earth and Environment Science, The University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
                                        
                                    Paul I. Williams
                                            Department of Earth and Environment Science, The University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
                                        
                                    
                                            National Centre for Atmospheric Science, The University of Manchester,
Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
                                        
                                    Ernesto Reyes-Villegas
                                            Department of Earth and Environment Science, The University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
                                        
                                    Michael Priestley
                                            Department of Earth and Environment Science, The University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
                                        
                                    
                                            now at: Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
                                        
                                    Carl J. Percival
                                            Department of Earth and Environment Science, The University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
                                        
                                    
                                            now at: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena,
CA 91109, USA
                                        
                                    James D. Allan
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
                                            
                                    
                                            Department of Earth and Environment Science, The University of
Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
                                        
                                    
                                            National Centre for Atmospheric Science, The University of Manchester,
Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
                                        
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9 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Chemical characterization and formation of secondary organosiloxane aerosol (SOSiA) from OH oxidation of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane Y. Chen et al. 10.1039/D2EA00161F
 - Chemical properties and single-particle mixing state of soot aerosol in Houston during the TRACER campaign R. Farley et al. 10.5194/acp-24-3953-2024
 - Advancing Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Particles: Integrating Morphology, Size, and Chemistry Using Electron Microscopy Technology and Machine Learning P. Zhao et al. 10.1021/acs.est.4c10964
 - Chemical composition and mixing states of individual atmospheric particles in summer and winter: a micro-Raman spectroscopy study Y. Huang et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121397
 - Sources of black carbon at residential and traffic environments obtained by two source apportionment methods S. Saarikoski et al. 10.5194/acp-21-14851-2021
 - Long-term trends in particulate matter from wood burning in the United Kingdom: Dependence on weather and social factors A. Font et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120105
 - Advances in characterization of black carbon particles and their associated coatings using the soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer in Singapore, a complex city environment M. Ma et al. 10.5194/acp-25-8185-2025
 - Addressing the advantages and limitations of using Aethalometer data to determine the optimal absorption Ångström exponents (AAEs) values for eBC source apportionment M. Savadkoohi et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121121
 - Bioaerosol Emission Characteristics from Laboratory Burns A. Shawon et al. 10.1021/acsestair.4c00310
 
9 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Chemical characterization and formation of secondary organosiloxane aerosol (SOSiA) from OH oxidation of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane Y. Chen et al. 10.1039/D2EA00161F
 - Chemical properties and single-particle mixing state of soot aerosol in Houston during the TRACER campaign R. Farley et al. 10.5194/acp-24-3953-2024
 - Advancing Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Particles: Integrating Morphology, Size, and Chemistry Using Electron Microscopy Technology and Machine Learning P. Zhao et al. 10.1021/acs.est.4c10964
 - Chemical composition and mixing states of individual atmospheric particles in summer and winter: a micro-Raman spectroscopy study Y. Huang et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121397
 - Sources of black carbon at residential and traffic environments obtained by two source apportionment methods S. Saarikoski et al. 10.5194/acp-21-14851-2021
 - Long-term trends in particulate matter from wood burning in the United Kingdom: Dependence on weather and social factors A. Font et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120105
 - Advances in characterization of black carbon particles and their associated coatings using the soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer in Singapore, a complex city environment M. Ma et al. 10.5194/acp-25-8185-2025
 - Addressing the advantages and limitations of using Aethalometer data to determine the optimal absorption Ångström exponents (AAEs) values for eBC source apportionment M. Savadkoohi et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121121
 - Bioaerosol Emission Characteristics from Laboratory Burns A. Shawon et al. 10.1021/acsestair.4c00310
 
Latest update: 03 Nov 2025
Short summary
                    We are presenting a new method to apportion black carbon/soot into multiple sources through the inclusion of fullerene and metal data into HR-SP-AMS factorisation. While this itself would be considered a technical development, we can present a budget of contributions to measured BC during the event studied, including the conclusion that fireworks contributed little compared to the bonfire, traffic, and domestic wood-burning emissions.
                    We are presenting a new method to apportion black carbon/soot into multiple sources through the...
                    
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