Articles | Volume 20, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6607-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6607-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
05 Jun 2020
Research article |
| 05 Jun 2020
| 05 Jun 2020
Evaluation of Southern Ocean cloud in the HadGEM3 general circulation model and MERRA-2 reanalysis using ship-based observations
School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
Adrian J. McDonald
School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
Olaf Morgenstern
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
Simon P. Alexander
Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Australia
John J. Cassano
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Sally Garrett
New Zealand Defence Force, Wellington, New Zealand
Jamie Halla
New Zealand Defence Force, Wellington, New Zealand
Sean Hartery
School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
Mike J. Harvey
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
Simon Parsons
School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
Graeme Plank
School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
Vidya Varma
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
Jonny Williams
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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30 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Detection of supercooled liquid water containing clouds with ceilometers: development and evaluation of deterministic and data-driven retrievals A. Guyot et al. 10.5194/amt-15-3663-2022
- Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Sea Salt Aerosol Mass Concentrations in the Marine Boundary Layer From the Arctic to the Antarctic B. Jiang et al. 10.1029/2020JD033892
- Thermodynamic characteristics of marine atmospheric boundary layer across frontal regions of the Indian Ocean Sector of the Southern Ocean based on three field campaigns S. Salim et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106678
- A machine learning approach for evaluating Southern Ocean cloud radiative biases in a global atmosphere model S. Fiddes et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-2641-2024
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- Earth-system-model evaluation of cloud and precipitation occurrence for supercooled and warm clouds over the Southern Ocean's Macquarie Island M. Stanford et al. 10.5194/acp-23-9037-2023
- Seasonal Change in Satellite‐Retrieved Lower‐Tropospheric Ice‐Cloud Fraction Over the Southern Ocean K. Sato & J. Inoue 10.1029/2021GL095295
- What recent global atmospheric reanalyses and regional climate models can represent observed snow accumulation on Antarctica? W. Ning et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107260
- Machine learning of cloud types in satellite observations and climate models P. Kuma et al. 10.5194/acp-23-523-2023
- Measurements of Cloud Radiative Effect across the Southern Ocean (43° S–79° S, 63° E–158° W) H. Wang et al. 10.3390/atmos11090949
- The Southern Ocean Radiative Bias, Cloud Compensating Errors, and Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity in CMIP6 Models A. Schuddeboom & A. McDonald 10.1029/2021JD035310
- Biases in the thermodynamic structure over the Southern Ocean in ERA5 and their radiative implications S. Truong et al. 10.1002/joc.7672
- Hemispheric contrasts in ice formation in stratiform mixed-phase clouds: disentangling the role of aerosol and dynamics with ground-based remote sensing M. Radenz et al. 10.5194/acp-21-17969-2021
- Ground-based lidar processing and simulator framework for comparing models and observations (ALCF 1.0) P. Kuma et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-43-2021
- Effects of mis‐specified time‐correlated model error in the (ensemble) Kalman Smoother H. Ren et al. 10.1002/qj.3934
- The sensitivity of Southern Ocean atmospheric dimethyl sulfide (DMS) to modeled oceanic DMS concentrations and emissions Y. Bhatti et al. 10.5194/acp-23-15181-2023
- Southern Ocean cloud and aerosol data: a compilation of measurements from the 2018 Southern Ocean Ross Sea Marine Ecosystems and Environment voyage S. Kremser et al. 10.5194/essd-13-3115-2021
- Southern Ocean cloud and shortwave radiation biases in a nudged climate model simulation: does the model ever get it right? S. Fiddes et al. 10.5194/acp-22-14603-2022
- Southern Ocean Low Cloud and Precipitation Phase Observed During the Macquarie Island Cloud and Radiation Experiment (MICRE) E. Tansey et al. 10.1029/2023JD039205
- Comparing Satellite‐ and Ground‐Based Observations of Cloud Occurrence Over High Southern Latitudes C. McErlich et al. 10.1029/2020JD033607
- Assessing the cloud radiative bias at Macquarie Island in the ACCESS-AM2 model Z. Pei et al. 10.5194/acp-23-14691-2023
- Quantifying the Role of Atmospheric and Surface Albedo on Polar Amplification Using Satellite Observations and CMIP6 Model Output A. Södergren & A. McDonald 10.1029/2021JD035058
- An Assessment of Southern Hemisphere Extratropical Cyclones in ERA5 Using WindSat C. McErlich et al. 10.1029/2023JD038554
- Constraining the Surface Flux of Sea Spray Particles From the Southern Ocean S. Hartery et al. 10.1029/2019JD032026
- The sensitivity of Southern Ocean aerosols and cloud microphysics to sea spray and sulfate aerosol production in the HadGEM3-GA7.1 chemistry–climate model L. Revell et al. 10.5194/acp-19-15447-2019
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Ice Cloud Formation Related to Oceanic Supply of Ice‐Nucleating Particles: A Case Study in the Southern Ocean Near an Atmospheric River in Late Summer K. Sato & J. Inoue 10.1029/2023GL106036
- A lightweight holographic imager for cloud microphysical studies from an untethered balloon T. Chambers et al. 10.5194/amt-17-3237-2024
- Effects of Sea Spray on Large-Scale Climatic Features over the Southern Ocean Y. Song et al. 10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0608.1
- Deep-learning-driven simulations of boundary layer clouds over the Southern Great Plains T. Su & Y. Zhang 10.5194/gmd-17-6319-2024
- Detection of supercooled liquid water containing clouds with ceilometers: development and evaluation of deterministic and data-driven retrievals A. Guyot et al. 10.5194/amt-15-3663-2022
- Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Sea Salt Aerosol Mass Concentrations in the Marine Boundary Layer From the Arctic to the Antarctic B. Jiang et al. 10.1029/2020JD033892
- Thermodynamic characteristics of marine atmospheric boundary layer across frontal regions of the Indian Ocean Sector of the Southern Ocean based on three field campaigns S. Salim et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106678
- A machine learning approach for evaluating Southern Ocean cloud radiative biases in a global atmosphere model S. Fiddes et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-2641-2024
- Mixed‐Phase Clouds and Precipitation in Southern Ocean Cyclones and Cloud Systems Observed Poleward of 64°S by Ship‐Based Cloud Radar and Lidar S. Alexander et al. 10.1029/2020JD033626
- Understanding the trends in reflected solar radiation: a latitude- and month-based perspective R. Li et al. 10.5194/acp-24-9777-2024
- Earth-system-model evaluation of cloud and precipitation occurrence for supercooled and warm clouds over the Southern Ocean's Macquarie Island M. Stanford et al. 10.5194/acp-23-9037-2023
- Seasonal Change in Satellite‐Retrieved Lower‐Tropospheric Ice‐Cloud Fraction Over the Southern Ocean K. Sato & J. Inoue 10.1029/2021GL095295
- What recent global atmospheric reanalyses and regional climate models can represent observed snow accumulation on Antarctica? W. Ning et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107260
- Machine learning of cloud types in satellite observations and climate models P. Kuma et al. 10.5194/acp-23-523-2023
- Measurements of Cloud Radiative Effect across the Southern Ocean (43° S–79° S, 63° E–158° W) H. Wang et al. 10.3390/atmos11090949
- The Southern Ocean Radiative Bias, Cloud Compensating Errors, and Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity in CMIP6 Models A. Schuddeboom & A. McDonald 10.1029/2021JD035310
- Biases in the thermodynamic structure over the Southern Ocean in ERA5 and their radiative implications S. Truong et al. 10.1002/joc.7672
- Hemispheric contrasts in ice formation in stratiform mixed-phase clouds: disentangling the role of aerosol and dynamics with ground-based remote sensing M. Radenz et al. 10.5194/acp-21-17969-2021
- Ground-based lidar processing and simulator framework for comparing models and observations (ALCF 1.0) P. Kuma et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-43-2021
- Effects of mis‐specified time‐correlated model error in the (ensemble) Kalman Smoother H. Ren et al. 10.1002/qj.3934
- The sensitivity of Southern Ocean atmospheric dimethyl sulfide (DMS) to modeled oceanic DMS concentrations and emissions Y. Bhatti et al. 10.5194/acp-23-15181-2023
- Southern Ocean cloud and aerosol data: a compilation of measurements from the 2018 Southern Ocean Ross Sea Marine Ecosystems and Environment voyage S. Kremser et al. 10.5194/essd-13-3115-2021
- Southern Ocean cloud and shortwave radiation biases in a nudged climate model simulation: does the model ever get it right? S. Fiddes et al. 10.5194/acp-22-14603-2022
- Southern Ocean Low Cloud and Precipitation Phase Observed During the Macquarie Island Cloud and Radiation Experiment (MICRE) E. Tansey et al. 10.1029/2023JD039205
- Comparing Satellite‐ and Ground‐Based Observations of Cloud Occurrence Over High Southern Latitudes C. McErlich et al. 10.1029/2020JD033607
- Assessing the cloud radiative bias at Macquarie Island in the ACCESS-AM2 model Z. Pei et al. 10.5194/acp-23-14691-2023
- Quantifying the Role of Atmospheric and Surface Albedo on Polar Amplification Using Satellite Observations and CMIP6 Model Output A. Södergren & A. McDonald 10.1029/2021JD035058
3 citations as recorded by crossref.
- An Assessment of Southern Hemisphere Extratropical Cyclones in ERA5 Using WindSat C. McErlich et al. 10.1029/2023JD038554
- Constraining the Surface Flux of Sea Spray Particles From the Southern Ocean S. Hartery et al. 10.1029/2019JD032026
- The sensitivity of Southern Ocean aerosols and cloud microphysics to sea spray and sulfate aerosol production in the HadGEM3-GA7.1 chemistry–climate model L. Revell et al. 10.5194/acp-19-15447-2019
Latest update: 20 Sep 2024
Short summary
We evaluate clouds over the Southern Ocean in the climate model HadGEM3 and reanalysis MERRA-2 using ship-based ceilometer and radiosonde observations. We find the models underestimate cloud cover by 18–25 %, with clouds below 2 km dominant in reality but lacking in the models. We find a strong link between clouds, atmospheric stability and sea surface temperature in observations but not in the models, implying that sub-grid processes do not generate enough cloud in response to these conditions.
We evaluate clouds over the Southern Ocean in the climate model HadGEM3 and reanalysis MERRA-2...
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