Articles | Volume 20, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2781-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-2781-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
06 Mar 2020
Research article |
| 06 Mar 2020
| 06 Mar 2020
Morphology and size of the particles emitted from a gasoline-direct-injection-engine vehicle and their ageing in an environmental chamber
Jiaoping Xing
State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of
Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Jiangxi Typical Trees
Cultivation and Utilization, School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural
University, Nanchang 330045, China
State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of
Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
Wenbin Zhang
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Department of
Automotive Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Jianfei Peng
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution
Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
Wenhua Wang
State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of
Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
Shijin Shuai
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Department of
Automotive Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution
Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking
University, Beijing 100871, China
Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural
University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan
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- Different characteristics of individual particles from light-duty diesel vehicle at the launching and idling state by AAC-SPAMS B. Su et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126304
- Emissions of Carbonaceous Particulate Matter and Ultrafine Particles from Vehicles—A Scientific Review in a Cross-Cutting Context of Air Pollution and Climate Change B. Bessagnet et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073623
- A review of atmospheric individual particle analyses: Methodologies and applications in environmental research L. Shao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2022.01.007
- Real-Time Source Apportionment of Particulate Matter from Low-Cost Particle Sensors Using Machine Learning V. Kumar et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41810-024-00271-3
- Effects of Ammonia Mitigation on Secondary Organic Aerosol and Ammonium Nitrate Particle Formation in Photochemical Reacted Gasoline Vehicle Exhausts H. Hagino & R. Uchida https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15091061
- Characterization of soot and crystalline atmospheric ultrafine particles F. Berrellez-Reyes et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125314
- Particulate matter emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles under different ambient temperatures: Physical properties and chemical compositions R. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171791
- High chemodiversity of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in vehicle emissions driven by transformative reactions S. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138803
- Particle size distribution, morphometric study and mixing structure of accumulation and ultrafine aerosols emitted from indoor activities in different socioeconomic micro-environment A. Pipal et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2021.02.015
- Road traffic nanoparticle characteristics: Sustainable environment and mobility I. Belkacem et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101196
- Particle-induced oxidative damage by indoor size-segregated particulate matter from coal-burning homes in the Xuanwei lung cancer epidemic area, Yunnan Province, China X. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127058
- Size-segregated particle number and mass concentrations from different emission sources in urban Beijing J. Cai et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12721-2020
- Evolution of EGR cooler deposits under hydrocarbon condensation: Analysis of local thickness, roughness, and fouling layer density C. Paz et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2020.106744
- Morphology and composition of particles emitted from conventional and alternative fuel vehicles Z. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11671-6
- Characteristics and Aging of Traffic-Emitted Particles with Sulfate and Organic Compound Formation in Urban Air J. Xing et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040608
- Morphology, composition and mixing state of individual airborne particles: Effects of the 2017 Action Plan in Beijing, China L. Shao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129748
- Physical and chemical characteristics of soot particles from GDI engines: Roles of fuels, lubricants, and transient driving cycles X. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126490
- Optical source apportionment and radiative effect of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols in a tropical marine monsoon climate zone: the importance of ship emissions Q. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15537-2020
- Hemolysis of PM10 on RBCs in vitro: An indoor air study in a coal-burning lung cancer epidemic area M. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101176
- Real-time detection of vehicle-originated condensable particulate matter through thermodenuder integrated aerosol measurement method at tailpipes G. Kang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113487
- Chemical and morphological characterisation of soot particles emitted by medium-duty gasoline compression ignition transport engine A. Agarwal & M. Krishnamoorthi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121657
- Oxidative potential and water-soluble heavy metals of size-segregated airborne particles in haze and non-haze episodes: Impact of the “Comprehensive Action Plan” in China X. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152774
- Atmospheric iron particles in PM2.5 from a subway station, Beijing, China M. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119175
- Atmospheric micro- and nano- particles: characteristics, sources, and environmental behavior L. Shao et al. https://doi.org/10.1360/CSB-2025-0728
- Physicochemical properties of traffic-related particles by single-particle analysis L. Duan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-026-2163-3
25 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Different characteristics of individual particles from light-duty diesel vehicle at the launching and idling state by AAC-SPAMS B. Su et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126304
- Emissions of Carbonaceous Particulate Matter and Ultrafine Particles from Vehicles—A Scientific Review in a Cross-Cutting Context of Air Pollution and Climate Change B. Bessagnet et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073623
- A review of atmospheric individual particle analyses: Methodologies and applications in environmental research L. Shao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2022.01.007
- Real-Time Source Apportionment of Particulate Matter from Low-Cost Particle Sensors Using Machine Learning V. Kumar et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41810-024-00271-3
- Effects of Ammonia Mitigation on Secondary Organic Aerosol and Ammonium Nitrate Particle Formation in Photochemical Reacted Gasoline Vehicle Exhausts H. Hagino & R. Uchida https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15091061
- Characterization of soot and crystalline atmospheric ultrafine particles F. Berrellez-Reyes et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125314
- Particulate matter emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles under different ambient temperatures: Physical properties and chemical compositions R. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171791
- High chemodiversity of nitrogen-containing organic compounds in vehicle emissions driven by transformative reactions S. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138803
- Particle size distribution, morphometric study and mixing structure of accumulation and ultrafine aerosols emitted from indoor activities in different socioeconomic micro-environment A. Pipal et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2021.02.015
- Road traffic nanoparticle characteristics: Sustainable environment and mobility I. Belkacem et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101196
- Particle-induced oxidative damage by indoor size-segregated particulate matter from coal-burning homes in the Xuanwei lung cancer epidemic area, Yunnan Province, China X. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127058
- Size-segregated particle number and mass concentrations from different emission sources in urban Beijing J. Cai et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-12721-2020
- Evolution of EGR cooler deposits under hydrocarbon condensation: Analysis of local thickness, roughness, and fouling layer density C. Paz et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2020.106744
- Morphology and composition of particles emitted from conventional and alternative fuel vehicles Z. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11671-6
- Characteristics and Aging of Traffic-Emitted Particles with Sulfate and Organic Compound Formation in Urban Air J. Xing et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13040608
- Morphology, composition and mixing state of individual airborne particles: Effects of the 2017 Action Plan in Beijing, China L. Shao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129748
- Physical and chemical characteristics of soot particles from GDI engines: Roles of fuels, lubricants, and transient driving cycles X. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126490
- Optical source apportionment and radiative effect of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols in a tropical marine monsoon climate zone: the importance of ship emissions Q. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15537-2020
- Hemolysis of PM10 on RBCs in vitro: An indoor air study in a coal-burning lung cancer epidemic area M. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2021.101176
- Real-time detection of vehicle-originated condensable particulate matter through thermodenuder integrated aerosol measurement method at tailpipes G. Kang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.113487
- Chemical and morphological characterisation of soot particles emitted by medium-duty gasoline compression ignition transport engine A. Agarwal & M. Krishnamoorthi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2025.121657
- Oxidative potential and water-soluble heavy metals of size-segregated airborne particles in haze and non-haze episodes: Impact of the “Comprehensive Action Plan” in China X. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152774
- Atmospheric iron particles in PM2.5 from a subway station, Beijing, China M. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119175
- Atmospheric micro- and nano- particles: characteristics, sources, and environmental behavior L. Shao et al. https://doi.org/10.1360/CSB-2025-0728
- Physicochemical properties of traffic-related particles by single-particle analysis L. Duan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-026-2163-3
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 19 Jul 2026
Short summary
Our results highlight the contribution of gasoline-direct-injection (GDI) vehicles to aerosols, both primary and secondary. The major particles from GDI vehicles are organic and soot particles; they actively participate in chemical conversions in the atmosphere, leading to morphology and composition changes in hours. Rapid ageing could be attributable to the acid-catalysed mechanism and high concentrations of gaseous pollutants. These results would be beneficial for control of PM2.5 pollution.
Our results highlight the contribution of gasoline-direct-injection (GDI) vehicles to aerosols,...
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