Articles | Volume 20, issue 23 
            
                
                    
            
            
            https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15461-2020
                    © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-15461-2020
                    © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Tropical Pacific climate variability under solar geoengineering: impacts on ENSO extremes
                                            Grantham Institute – Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial
College London,
London, United Kingdom
                                        
                                    
                                            Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research and Institute of
Geography, University of
Bern, Bern, Switzerland
                                        
                                    
                                            King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal
23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
                                        
                                    Peer J. Nowack
                                            Grantham Institute – Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial
College London,
London, United Kingdom
                                        
                                    
                                            Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London,
United Kingdom
                                        
                                    
                                            Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
                                        
                                    
                                            School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich,
United Kingdom
                                        
                                    Joanna D. Haigh
                                            Grantham Institute – Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial
College London,
London, United Kingdom
                                        
                                    
                                            Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London,
United Kingdom
                                        
                                    Long Cao
                                            School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
                                        
                                    Luqman Atique
                                            School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
                                        
                                    Yves Plancherel
                                            Grantham Institute – Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial
College London,
London, United Kingdom
                                        
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                            Cited
12 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Impact of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection on the East Asian Winter Monsoon Z. Liu et al. 10.1029/2022GL102109
 - The Choice of Baseline Period Influences the Assessments of the Outcomes of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection D. Visioni et al. 10.1029/2023EF003851
 - Uncertainties and confidence in stratospheric aerosol injection modelling: a systematic literature review A. Määttänen et al. 10.1093/oxfclm/kgae007
 - Stratospheric Aerosol Intervention experiment for the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative S. Tilmes et al. 10.5194/acp-25-6001-2025
 - The importance of stratocumulus clouds for projected warming patterns and circulation changes P. Breul et al. 10.5194/acp-25-11991-2025
 - Impacts of three types of solar geoengineering on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation M. Xie et al. 10.5194/acp-22-4581-2022
 - Annual Solar Geoengineering: Mitigating Yearly Global Warming Increases A. Feinberg 10.3390/cli12020026
 - Robust winter warming over Eurasia under stratospheric sulfate geoengineering – the role of stratospheric dynamics A. Banerjee et al. 10.5194/acp-21-6985-2021
 - Communication of solar geoengineering science: Forms, examples, and explanation of skewing J. Reynolds 10.1177/20530196221095569
 - Analyzing climate scenarios using dynamic mode decomposition with control N. Mankovich et al. 10.1017/eds.2025.8
 - Gambling on unknown unknowns: Risk ethics for a climate change technofix D. Fulvi & J. Wodak 10.1177/20530196231204324
 - Indices of extremes: geographic patterns of change in extremes and associated vegetation impacts under climate intervention M. Tye et al. 10.5194/esd-13-1233-2022
 
12 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Impact of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection on the East Asian Winter Monsoon Z. Liu et al. 10.1029/2022GL102109
 - The Choice of Baseline Period Influences the Assessments of the Outcomes of Stratospheric Aerosol Injection D. Visioni et al. 10.1029/2023EF003851
 - Uncertainties and confidence in stratospheric aerosol injection modelling: a systematic literature review A. Määttänen et al. 10.1093/oxfclm/kgae007
 - Stratospheric Aerosol Intervention experiment for the Chemistry–Climate Model Initiative S. Tilmes et al. 10.5194/acp-25-6001-2025
 - The importance of stratocumulus clouds for projected warming patterns and circulation changes P. Breul et al. 10.5194/acp-25-11991-2025
 - Impacts of three types of solar geoengineering on the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation M. Xie et al. 10.5194/acp-22-4581-2022
 - Annual Solar Geoengineering: Mitigating Yearly Global Warming Increases A. Feinberg 10.3390/cli12020026
 - Robust winter warming over Eurasia under stratospheric sulfate geoengineering – the role of stratospheric dynamics A. Banerjee et al. 10.5194/acp-21-6985-2021
 - Communication of solar geoengineering science: Forms, examples, and explanation of skewing J. Reynolds 10.1177/20530196221095569
 - Analyzing climate scenarios using dynamic mode decomposition with control N. Mankovich et al. 10.1017/eds.2025.8
 - Gambling on unknown unknowns: Risk ethics for a climate change technofix D. Fulvi & J. Wodak 10.1177/20530196231204324
 - Indices of extremes: geographic patterns of change in extremes and associated vegetation impacts under climate intervention M. Tye et al. 10.5194/esd-13-1233-2022
 
Latest update: 03 Nov 2025
Short summary
                    Solar geoengineering has been introduced to mitigate human-caused global warming by reflecting sunlight back into space. This research investigates the impact of solar geoengineering on the tropical Pacific climate. We find that solar geoengineering can compensate some of the greenhouse-induced changes in the tropical Pacific but not all. In particular, solar geoengineering will result in significant changes in rainfall, sea surface temperatures, and increased frequency of extreme ENSO events.
                    Solar geoengineering has been introduced to mitigate human-caused global warming by reflecting...
                    
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