Articles | Volume 20, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1301-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1301-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
04 Feb 2020
Research article |
| 04 Feb 2020
| 04 Feb 2020
The impact of secondary ice production on Arctic stratocumulus
Georgia Sotiropoulou
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impacts, School of
Architecture, Civil & Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
Sylvia Sullivan
Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia
University, New York 10027, USA
Julien Savre
Meteorological Institute, Faculty of Physics,
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
Gary Lloyd
Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Manchester,
M139P, UK
Thomas Lachlan-Cope
British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
Annica M. L. Ekman
Department of Meteorology, Bolin Centre for Climate Research,
Stockholm University, Stockholm, 11419, Sweden
Athanasios Nenes
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Laboratory of Atmospheric Processes and their Impacts, School of
Architecture, Civil & Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research
& Technology – Hellas, Patras 26504, Greece
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Cited
45 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Importance of secondary ice production in mixed-phase monsoon clouds over the Indian subcontinent S. Patade et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107890
- Effects of secondary ice processes on a stratocumulus to cumulus transition during a cold-air outbreak M. Karalis et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106302
- Continuous secondary-ice production initiated by updrafts through the melting layer in mountainous regions A. Lauber et al. 10.5194/acp-21-3855-2021
- Secondary ice production in summer clouds over the Antarctic coast: an underappreciated process in atmospheric models G. Sotiropoulou et al. 10.5194/acp-21-755-2021
- Spatio-Temporal Variability of Cloud Top and Tropopause Heights Over the Arctic from 10-Year Calipso, Gpsro and Merra-2 Datasets H. Yeo et al. 10.2139/ssrn.4074641
- Predicting Frigid Mixed‐Phase Clouds for Pristine Coastal Antarctica K. Hines et al. 10.1029/2021JD035112
- Another Piece of Evidence for Important but Uncertain Ice Multiplication Processes C. Hoose 10.1029/2022AV000669
- Distinct secondary ice production processes observed in radar Doppler spectra: insights from a case study A. Billault-Roux et al. 10.5194/acp-23-10207-2023
- A bin microphysics parcel model investigation of secondary ice formation in an idealised shallow convective cloud R. James et al. 10.5194/acp-23-9099-2023
- Ice-nucleating particle concentration impacts cloud properties over Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, in COSMO-CLM2 F. Sauerland et al. 10.5194/acp-24-13751-2024
- Impacts of secondary ice production on Arctic mixed-phase clouds based on ARM observations and CAM6 single-column model simulations X. Zhao et al. 10.5194/acp-21-5685-2021
- The impacts of secondary ice production on microphysics and dynamics in tropical convection Z. Qu et al. 10.5194/acp-22-12287-2022
- Fragmentation of ice particles: laboratory experiments on graupel–graupel and graupel–snowflake collisions P. Grzegorczyk et al. 10.5194/acp-23-13505-2023
- Secondary ice production – no evidence of efficient rime-splintering mechanism J. Seidel et al. 10.5194/acp-24-5247-2024
- Investigating secondary ice production in a deep convective cloud with a 3D bin microphysics model: Part I - Sensitivity study of microphysical processes representations P. Grzegorczyk et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107774
- Graupel Precipitating From Thin Arctic Clouds With Liquid Water Paths Less Than 50 g m−2 K. Fitch & T. Garrett 10.1029/2021GL094075
- Aircraft-based observations of ice concentrations in a midlatitude mixed-phase stratiform cloud system with embedded convection T. Hou et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106471
- Spatio-Temporal Variability of Cloud Top and Tropopause Heights Over the Arctic from 10-Year Calipso, Gpsro and Merra-2 Datasets H. Yeo et al. 10.2139/ssrn.4074642
- Long-term variability in immersion-mode marine ice-nucleating particles from climate model simulations and observations A. Raman et al. 10.5194/acp-23-5735-2023
- Pathways of ice multiplication in nimbostratus clouds during the Indian summer monsoon G. Kambrath et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107590
- Conditions favorable for secondary ice production in Arctic mixed-phase clouds J. Pasquier et al. 10.5194/acp-22-15579-2022
- Global Importance of Secondary Ice Production X. Zhao & X. Liu 10.1029/2021GL092581
- Process Drivers, Inter-Model Spread, and the Path Forward: A Review of Amplified Arctic Warming P. Taylor et al. 10.3389/feart.2021.758361
- The importance of Aitken mode aerosol particles for cloud sustenance in the summertime high Arctic – a simulation study supported by observational data I. Bulatovic et al. 10.5194/acp-21-3871-2021
- Strong Ocean/Sea‐Ice Contrasts Observed in Satellite‐Derived Ice Crystal Number Concentrations in Arctic Ice Boundary‐Layer Clouds I. Papakonstantinou‐Presvelou et al. 10.1029/2022GL098207
- Dependencies of Four Mechanisms of Secondary Ice Production on Cloud-Top Temperature in a Continental Convective Storm D. Waman et al. 10.1175/JAS-D-21-0278.1
- Spatio-temporal variability of cloud top and tropopause heights over the Arctic from 10-year CALIPSO, GPSRO and MERRA-2 datasets H. Yeo et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106317
- Role of K-feldspar and quartz in global ice nucleation by mineral dust in mixed-phase clouds M. Chatziparaschos et al. 10.5194/acp-23-1785-2023
- Sensitivity of precipitation formation to secondary ice production in winter orographic mixed-phase clouds Z. Dedekind et al. 10.5194/acp-21-15115-2021
- On the drivers of droplet variability in alpine mixed-phase clouds P. Georgakaki et al. 10.5194/acp-21-10993-2021
- Microphysical processes producing high ice water contents (HIWCs) in tropical convective clouds during the HAIC-HIWC field campaign: dominant role of secondary ice production Y. Huang et al. 10.5194/acp-22-2365-2022
- The chance of freezing – a conceptional study to parameterize temperature-dependent freezing by including randomness of ice-nucleating particle concentrations H. Frostenberg et al. 10.5194/acp-23-10883-2023
- Arctic cloud properties and associated radiative effects in the three newer reanalysis datasets (ERA5, MERRA-2, JRA-55): Discrepancies and possible causes H. Yeo et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106080
- Effect of secondary ice production processes on the simulation of ice pellets using the Predicted Particle Properties microphysics scheme M. Lachapelle et al. 10.5194/acp-24-11285-2024
- The Contribution of Drifting Snow to Cloud Properties and the Atmospheric Radiative Budget Over Antarctica S. Hofer et al. 10.1029/2021GL094967
- Heavy snowfall event over the Swiss Alps: did wind shear impact secondary ice production? Z. Dedekind et al. 10.5194/acp-23-2345-2023
- Characteristics and Variability of Precipitation Across Different Sectors of an Extra‐Tropical Cyclone: A Case Study Over the High‐Latitudes of the Southern Ocean S. Truong et al. 10.1029/2023JD039013
- Ice multiplication from ice–ice collisions in the high Arctic: sensitivity to ice habit, rimed fraction, ice type and uncertainties in the numerical description of the process G. Sotiropoulou et al. 10.5194/acp-21-9741-2021
- Physical and Chemical Properties of Cloud Droplet Residuals and Aerosol Particles During the Arctic Ocean 2018 Expedition L. Karlsson et al. 10.1029/2021JD036383
- Sensitivities of simulated mixed-phase Arctic multilayer clouds to primary and secondary ice processes G. Wallentin et al. 10.5194/acp-25-6607-2025
- Secondary ice production processes in wintertime alpine mixed-phase clouds P. Georgakaki et al. 10.5194/acp-22-1965-2022
- A long-term study of cloud residuals from low-level Arctic clouds L. Karlsson et al. 10.5194/acp-21-8933-2021
- Simulations of primary and secondary ice production during an Arctic mixed-phase cloud case from the Ny-Ålesund Aerosol Cloud Experiment (NASCENT) campaign B. Schäfer et al. 10.5194/acp-24-7179-2024
- Hallett‐Mossop Rime Splintering Dims Cumulus Clouds Over the Southern Ocean: New Insight From Nudged Global Storm‐Resolving Simulations R. Atlas et al. 10.1029/2021AV000454
- Investigating the vertical extent and short-wave radiative effects of the ice phase in Arctic summertime low-level clouds E. Järvinen et al. 10.5194/acp-23-7611-2023
45 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Importance of secondary ice production in mixed-phase monsoon clouds over the Indian subcontinent S. Patade et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107890
- Effects of secondary ice processes on a stratocumulus to cumulus transition during a cold-air outbreak M. Karalis et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106302
- Continuous secondary-ice production initiated by updrafts through the melting layer in mountainous regions A. Lauber et al. 10.5194/acp-21-3855-2021
- Secondary ice production in summer clouds over the Antarctic coast: an underappreciated process in atmospheric models G. Sotiropoulou et al. 10.5194/acp-21-755-2021
- Spatio-Temporal Variability of Cloud Top and Tropopause Heights Over the Arctic from 10-Year Calipso, Gpsro and Merra-2 Datasets H. Yeo et al. 10.2139/ssrn.4074641
- Predicting Frigid Mixed‐Phase Clouds for Pristine Coastal Antarctica K. Hines et al. 10.1029/2021JD035112
- Another Piece of Evidence for Important but Uncertain Ice Multiplication Processes C. Hoose 10.1029/2022AV000669
- Distinct secondary ice production processes observed in radar Doppler spectra: insights from a case study A. Billault-Roux et al. 10.5194/acp-23-10207-2023
- A bin microphysics parcel model investigation of secondary ice formation in an idealised shallow convective cloud R. James et al. 10.5194/acp-23-9099-2023
- Ice-nucleating particle concentration impacts cloud properties over Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica, in COSMO-CLM2 F. Sauerland et al. 10.5194/acp-24-13751-2024
- Impacts of secondary ice production on Arctic mixed-phase clouds based on ARM observations and CAM6 single-column model simulations X. Zhao et al. 10.5194/acp-21-5685-2021
- The impacts of secondary ice production on microphysics and dynamics in tropical convection Z. Qu et al. 10.5194/acp-22-12287-2022
- Fragmentation of ice particles: laboratory experiments on graupel–graupel and graupel–snowflake collisions P. Grzegorczyk et al. 10.5194/acp-23-13505-2023
- Secondary ice production – no evidence of efficient rime-splintering mechanism J. Seidel et al. 10.5194/acp-24-5247-2024
- Investigating secondary ice production in a deep convective cloud with a 3D bin microphysics model: Part I - Sensitivity study of microphysical processes representations P. Grzegorczyk et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107774
- Graupel Precipitating From Thin Arctic Clouds With Liquid Water Paths Less Than 50 g m−2 K. Fitch & T. Garrett 10.1029/2021GL094075
- Aircraft-based observations of ice concentrations in a midlatitude mixed-phase stratiform cloud system with embedded convection T. Hou et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106471
- Spatio-Temporal Variability of Cloud Top and Tropopause Heights Over the Arctic from 10-Year Calipso, Gpsro and Merra-2 Datasets H. Yeo et al. 10.2139/ssrn.4074642
- Long-term variability in immersion-mode marine ice-nucleating particles from climate model simulations and observations A. Raman et al. 10.5194/acp-23-5735-2023
- Pathways of ice multiplication in nimbostratus clouds during the Indian summer monsoon G. Kambrath et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107590
- Conditions favorable for secondary ice production in Arctic mixed-phase clouds J. Pasquier et al. 10.5194/acp-22-15579-2022
- Global Importance of Secondary Ice Production X. Zhao & X. Liu 10.1029/2021GL092581
- Process Drivers, Inter-Model Spread, and the Path Forward: A Review of Amplified Arctic Warming P. Taylor et al. 10.3389/feart.2021.758361
- The importance of Aitken mode aerosol particles for cloud sustenance in the summertime high Arctic – a simulation study supported by observational data I. Bulatovic et al. 10.5194/acp-21-3871-2021
- Strong Ocean/Sea‐Ice Contrasts Observed in Satellite‐Derived Ice Crystal Number Concentrations in Arctic Ice Boundary‐Layer Clouds I. Papakonstantinou‐Presvelou et al. 10.1029/2022GL098207
- Dependencies of Four Mechanisms of Secondary Ice Production on Cloud-Top Temperature in a Continental Convective Storm D. Waman et al. 10.1175/JAS-D-21-0278.1
- Spatio-temporal variability of cloud top and tropopause heights over the Arctic from 10-year CALIPSO, GPSRO and MERRA-2 datasets H. Yeo et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106317
- Role of K-feldspar and quartz in global ice nucleation by mineral dust in mixed-phase clouds M. Chatziparaschos et al. 10.5194/acp-23-1785-2023
- Sensitivity of precipitation formation to secondary ice production in winter orographic mixed-phase clouds Z. Dedekind et al. 10.5194/acp-21-15115-2021
- On the drivers of droplet variability in alpine mixed-phase clouds P. Georgakaki et al. 10.5194/acp-21-10993-2021
- Microphysical processes producing high ice water contents (HIWCs) in tropical convective clouds during the HAIC-HIWC field campaign: dominant role of secondary ice production Y. Huang et al. 10.5194/acp-22-2365-2022
- The chance of freezing – a conceptional study to parameterize temperature-dependent freezing by including randomness of ice-nucleating particle concentrations H. Frostenberg et al. 10.5194/acp-23-10883-2023
- Arctic cloud properties and associated radiative effects in the three newer reanalysis datasets (ERA5, MERRA-2, JRA-55): Discrepancies and possible causes H. Yeo et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106080
- Effect of secondary ice production processes on the simulation of ice pellets using the Predicted Particle Properties microphysics scheme M. Lachapelle et al. 10.5194/acp-24-11285-2024
- The Contribution of Drifting Snow to Cloud Properties and the Atmospheric Radiative Budget Over Antarctica S. Hofer et al. 10.1029/2021GL094967
- Heavy snowfall event over the Swiss Alps: did wind shear impact secondary ice production? Z. Dedekind et al. 10.5194/acp-23-2345-2023
- Characteristics and Variability of Precipitation Across Different Sectors of an Extra‐Tropical Cyclone: A Case Study Over the High‐Latitudes of the Southern Ocean S. Truong et al. 10.1029/2023JD039013
- Ice multiplication from ice–ice collisions in the high Arctic: sensitivity to ice habit, rimed fraction, ice type and uncertainties in the numerical description of the process G. Sotiropoulou et al. 10.5194/acp-21-9741-2021
- Physical and Chemical Properties of Cloud Droplet Residuals and Aerosol Particles During the Arctic Ocean 2018 Expedition L. Karlsson et al. 10.1029/2021JD036383
- Sensitivities of simulated mixed-phase Arctic multilayer clouds to primary and secondary ice processes G. Wallentin et al. 10.5194/acp-25-6607-2025
- Secondary ice production processes in wintertime alpine mixed-phase clouds P. Georgakaki et al. 10.5194/acp-22-1965-2022
- A long-term study of cloud residuals from low-level Arctic clouds L. Karlsson et al. 10.5194/acp-21-8933-2021
- Simulations of primary and secondary ice production during an Arctic mixed-phase cloud case from the Ny-Ålesund Aerosol Cloud Experiment (NASCENT) campaign B. Schäfer et al. 10.5194/acp-24-7179-2024
- Hallett‐Mossop Rime Splintering Dims Cumulus Clouds Over the Southern Ocean: New Insight From Nudged Global Storm‐Resolving Simulations R. Atlas et al. 10.1029/2021AV000454
- Investigating the vertical extent and short-wave radiative effects of the ice phase in Arctic summertime low-level clouds E. Järvinen et al. 10.5194/acp-23-7611-2023
Latest update: 06 Jul 2025
Short summary
Arctic clouds constitute a large source of uncertainty in predictions of future climate. Observations indicate that the number concentration of cloud ice crystals exceeds the concentration of aerosols that can act as ice-nucleating particles (INPs). We show that ice multiplication due to mechanical break-up upon collisions between the few primary ice crystals (formed from INPs) can explain the discrepancy. Including a description of the process in climate models can improve cloud representation.
Arctic clouds constitute a large source of uncertainty in predictions of future climate....
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