Articles | Volume 19, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2477-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2477-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
27 Feb 2019
Research article |
| 27 Feb 2019
| 27 Feb 2019
Tornado-scale vortices in the tropical cyclone boundary layer: numerical simulation with the WRF–LES framework
Pacific Typhoon Research Center and Key Laboratory of Meteorological
Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science
and Technology, Nanjing, China
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of
Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
Qingyuan Liu
Pacific Typhoon Research Center and Key Laboratory of Meteorological
Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science
and Technology, Nanjing, China
Yubin Li
Pacific Typhoon Research Center and Key Laboratory of Meteorological
Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science
and Technology, Nanjing, China
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Cited
21 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Influence of Low-Level, High-Entropy Air in the Eye on Tropical Cyclone Intensity: A Trajectory Analysis X. ZHOU et al. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2020-063
- Azimuthal Variations of the Convective-scale Structure in a Simulated Tropical Cyclone Principal Rainband Y. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-9248-x
- Effects of Roll Vortices on the Evolution of Hurricane Harvey during Landfall X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-20-0270.1
- Airstream Association of Large Boundary Layer Rolls during Extratropical Transition of Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy (2012) J. Schiavone https://doi.org/10.3390/meteorology2030022
- High-Wind Drag Coefficient Based on the Tropical Cyclone Simulated With the WRF-LES Framework W. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.694314
- Numerical simulation of a violent supercell tornado over Vienna airport initialized and initiated with a cloud model V. Spiridonov et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105758
- The impact of vertical resolution on the simulation of Typhoon Lekima (2019) by a cloud-permitting model M. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-021-0923-8
- Estimating the Risk of Extreme Wind Gusts in Tropical Cyclones Using Idealized Large-Eddy Simulations and a Statistical–Dynamical Model D. Stern et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-21-0059.1
- Application of WRF-LES on the Simulation of Seasonal Characteristics of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure in Taklamakan Desert X. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16030558
- Roles of Upper-Level Descending Inflow in Moat Development in Simulated Tropical Cyclones with Secondary Eyewall Formation N. Qin & L. Wu https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-023-3075-9
- Application of potential vorticity tendency diagnosis method to high-resolution simulation of tropical cyclones T. Xie et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.994647
- Large Roll Vortices Exhibited by Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy during Landfall J. Schiavone et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020259
- Analyzing coherent structures in the tropical cyclone boundary layer using large eddy simulations S. Wang & J. Tang https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcrr.2024.09.002
- A 30 m scale modeling of extreme gusts during Hurricane Irma (2017) landfall on very small mountainous islands in the Lesser Antilles R. Cécé et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-129-2021
- Sensitivity of Fine-Scale Structure in Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer to Model Horizontal Resolution at Sub-Kilometer Grid Spacing H. Xu & Y. Wang https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.707274
- Negative Pressure Perturbations Associated With Tornado‐Scale Vortices in the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer Y. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091339
- Simulation of Extreme Updrafts in the Tropical Cyclone Eyewall Y. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-9197-4
- Storm‐Scale and Fine‐Scale Boundary Layer Structures of Tropical Cyclones Simulated With the WRF‐LES Framework Q. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035511
- Effects of Mesoscale Surface Heterogeneity on the Afternoon and Early Evening Transition of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer S. Kang https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-019-00493-w
- Fine-Scale Structures in the Mid-Level Eyewall of Super Typhoon Rammasun (2014) Simulated With the WRF-LES Framework Z. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.814785
- Large-eddy simulation of the rapidly intensifying tropical cyclone Soudelor (2015) M. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106976
21 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Influence of Low-Level, High-Entropy Air in the Eye on Tropical Cyclone Intensity: A Trajectory Analysis X. ZHOU et al. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2020-063
- Azimuthal Variations of the Convective-scale Structure in a Simulated Tropical Cyclone Principal Rainband Y. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-9248-x
- Effects of Roll Vortices on the Evolution of Hurricane Harvey during Landfall X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-20-0270.1
- Airstream Association of Large Boundary Layer Rolls during Extratropical Transition of Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy (2012) J. Schiavone https://doi.org/10.3390/meteorology2030022
- High-Wind Drag Coefficient Based on the Tropical Cyclone Simulated With the WRF-LES Framework W. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.694314
- Numerical simulation of a violent supercell tornado over Vienna airport initialized and initiated with a cloud model V. Spiridonov et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105758
- The impact of vertical resolution on the simulation of Typhoon Lekima (2019) by a cloud-permitting model M. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11707-021-0923-8
- Estimating the Risk of Extreme Wind Gusts in Tropical Cyclones Using Idealized Large-Eddy Simulations and a Statistical–Dynamical Model D. Stern et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-21-0059.1
- Application of WRF-LES on the Simulation of Seasonal Characteristics of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure in Taklamakan Desert X. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16030558
- Roles of Upper-Level Descending Inflow in Moat Development in Simulated Tropical Cyclones with Secondary Eyewall Formation N. Qin & L. Wu https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-023-3075-9
- Application of potential vorticity tendency diagnosis method to high-resolution simulation of tropical cyclones T. Xie et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.994647
- Large Roll Vortices Exhibited by Post-Tropical Cyclone Sandy during Landfall J. Schiavone et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020259
- Analyzing coherent structures in the tropical cyclone boundary layer using large eddy simulations S. Wang & J. Tang https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcrr.2024.09.002
- A 30 m scale modeling of extreme gusts during Hurricane Irma (2017) landfall on very small mountainous islands in the Lesser Antilles R. Cécé et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-129-2021
- Sensitivity of Fine-Scale Structure in Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer to Model Horizontal Resolution at Sub-Kilometer Grid Spacing H. Xu & Y. Wang https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.707274
- Negative Pressure Perturbations Associated With Tornado‐Scale Vortices in the Tropical Cyclone Boundary Layer Y. Feng et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091339
- Simulation of Extreme Updrafts in the Tropical Cyclone Eyewall Y. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-020-9197-4
- Storm‐Scale and Fine‐Scale Boundary Layer Structures of Tropical Cyclones Simulated With the WRF‐LES Framework Q. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD035511
- Effects of Mesoscale Surface Heterogeneity on the Afternoon and Early Evening Transition of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer S. Kang https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-019-00493-w
- Fine-Scale Structures in the Mid-Level Eyewall of Super Typhoon Rammasun (2014) Simulated With the WRF-LES Framework Z. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.814785
- Large-eddy simulation of the rapidly intensifying tropical cyclone Soudelor (2015) M. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106976
Saved (final revised paper)
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 11 Jun 2026
Short summary
The tornado-scale vortex in the tropical cyclone boundary layer has been speculated in intense hurricanes. A numerical experiment is conducted using the Advanced Weather Research and Forecast model by incorporating the large-eddy simulation technique. The simulated tornado-scale vortex shows the similar features as revealed with the limited observational data. The presence of the tornado-scale vortex also leads to significant gradients in the near surface wind speed and wind gusts.
The tornado-scale vortex in the tropical cyclone boundary layer has been speculated in intense...
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