Articles | Volume 18, issue 19
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14113-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14113-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
05 Oct 2018
Research article |
| 05 Oct 2018
| 05 Oct 2018
Observation and analysis of spatiotemporal characteristics of surface ozone and carbon monoxide at multiple sites in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Khadak Singh Mahata
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), Potsdam, Germany
Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Department of Geo-ecology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
Maheswar Rupakheti
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), Potsdam, Germany
Himalayan Sustainability Institute (HIMSI), Kathmandu, Nepal
Arnico Kumar Panday
International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD),
Lalitpur, Nepal
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
Piyush Bhardwaj
Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES),
Nainital, India
Manish Naja
Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES),
Nainital, India
Ashish Singh
Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), Potsdam, Germany
Andrea Mues
Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), Potsdam, Germany
Paolo Cristofanelli
CNR-ISAC, National Research Council of Italy – Institute of
Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, Italy
Deepak Pudasainee
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of
Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
Paolo Bonasoni
CNR-ISAC, National Research Council of Italy – Institute of
Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, Italy
Mark G. Lawrence
Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), Potsdam, Germany
Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Department of Geo-ecology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Cited
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Contrasting nature of aerosols over South Asian cities and its surrounding environment A. Pandey et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124622
- Ambient air quality in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, during the pre-monsoon: concentrations and sources of particulate matter and trace gases M. Islam et al. 10.5194/acp-20-2927-2020
- Vertical stratification of aerosols over South Asian cities T. Banerjee et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119776
- Nitrogenous and carbonaceous aerosols in PM2.5 and TSP during pre-monsoon: Characteristics and sources in the highly polluted mountain valley H. Bhattarai et al. 10.1016/j.jes.2021.06.018
- Gaseous Air Pollutants and Respirable Crystalline Silica Inside and Outside Homes at Brick Kilns in Bhaktapur, Kathmandu Valley, Nepal J. Beard et al. 10.3390/ijerph191912431
- Light absorption properties of elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble brown carbon (WS–BrC) in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: A 5-year study P. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114239
- A study on variation of atmospheric pollutants over Bhubaneswar during imposition of nationwide lockdown in India for the COVID-19 pandemic S. Panda et al. 10.1007/s11869-020-00916-5
- Cement and brick factories contribute elevated levels of NO2 pollution in Nepal: Evidence of high-resolution view from space M. Gyawali et al. 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100324
- Pre-monsoon submicron aerosol composition and source contribution in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal B. Werden et al. 10.1039/D2EA00008C
- Inter-annual and seasonal variations in optical and physical characteristics of columnar aerosols over the Pokhara Valley in the Himalayan foothills S. Ramachandran & M. Rupakheti 10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105254
- Molecular characterization of organic aerosols in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: insights into primary and secondary sources X. Wan et al. 10.5194/acp-19-2725-2019
- Source characterization of volatile organic compounds measured by proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometers in Delhi, India L. Wang et al. 10.5194/acp-20-9753-2020
- Assessing the intra-urban variability of nitrogen oxides and ozone across a highly heterogeneous urban area C. El-Khoury et al. 10.1007/s10661-021-09414-2
- Air quality trends of the Kathmandu Valley: A satellite, observation and modeling perspective P. Mahapatra et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.12.043
- Surface ozone in the Doon Valley of the Himalayan foothills during spring N. Ojha et al. 10.1007/s11356-019-05085-2
- Multi-scale volatile organic compound (VOC) source apportionment in Tianjin, China, using a receptor model coupled with 1-hr resolution data Y. Gu et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115023
- Wintertime Air Quality across the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Concentration, Composition, and Sources of Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter M. Islam et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00243
- Carbonaceous aerosol characteristics on the Third Pole: A primary study based on the Atmospheric Pollution and Cryospheric Change (APCC) network P. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.112
- Submicron Aerosol Composition and Source Contribution across the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, in Winter B. Werden et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00226
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Contrasting nature of aerosols over South Asian cities and its surrounding environment A. Pandey et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124622
- Ambient air quality in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, during the pre-monsoon: concentrations and sources of particulate matter and trace gases M. Islam et al. 10.5194/acp-20-2927-2020
- Vertical stratification of aerosols over South Asian cities T. Banerjee et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119776
- Nitrogenous and carbonaceous aerosols in PM2.5 and TSP during pre-monsoon: Characteristics and sources in the highly polluted mountain valley H. Bhattarai et al. 10.1016/j.jes.2021.06.018
- Gaseous Air Pollutants and Respirable Crystalline Silica Inside and Outside Homes at Brick Kilns in Bhaktapur, Kathmandu Valley, Nepal J. Beard et al. 10.3390/ijerph191912431
- Light absorption properties of elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble brown carbon (WS–BrC) in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: A 5-year study P. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114239
- A study on variation of atmospheric pollutants over Bhubaneswar during imposition of nationwide lockdown in India for the COVID-19 pandemic S. Panda et al. 10.1007/s11869-020-00916-5
- Cement and brick factories contribute elevated levels of NO2 pollution in Nepal: Evidence of high-resolution view from space M. Gyawali et al. 10.1016/j.aeaoa.2025.100324
- Pre-monsoon submicron aerosol composition and source contribution in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal B. Werden et al. 10.1039/D2EA00008C
- Inter-annual and seasonal variations in optical and physical characteristics of columnar aerosols over the Pokhara Valley in the Himalayan foothills S. Ramachandran & M. Rupakheti 10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105254
- Molecular characterization of organic aerosols in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: insights into primary and secondary sources X. Wan et al. 10.5194/acp-19-2725-2019
- Source characterization of volatile organic compounds measured by proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometers in Delhi, India L. Wang et al. 10.5194/acp-20-9753-2020
- Assessing the intra-urban variability of nitrogen oxides and ozone across a highly heterogeneous urban area C. El-Khoury et al. 10.1007/s10661-021-09414-2
- Air quality trends of the Kathmandu Valley: A satellite, observation and modeling perspective P. Mahapatra et al. 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.12.043
- Surface ozone in the Doon Valley of the Himalayan foothills during spring N. Ojha et al. 10.1007/s11356-019-05085-2
- Multi-scale volatile organic compound (VOC) source apportionment in Tianjin, China, using a receptor model coupled with 1-hr resolution data Y. Gu et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115023
- Wintertime Air Quality across the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Concentration, Composition, and Sources of Fine and Coarse Particulate Matter M. Islam et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00243
- Carbonaceous aerosol characteristics on the Third Pole: A primary study based on the Atmospheric Pollution and Cryospheric Change (APCC) network P. Chen et al. 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.112
- Submicron Aerosol Composition and Source Contribution across the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, in Winter B. Werden et al. 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.2c00226
Discussed (preprint)
Latest update: 04 Nov 2025
Short summary
This paper presents the first-time simultaneous measurement of CO and O3 at multiple sites in the Kathmandu Valley bottom, its mountain rim and a river outlet, providing their spatial, temporal and seasonal–diurnal variations. Our study reveals that high O3, especially during premonsoon, in observed sites is of high concern for human health and ecosystems in the region. We also estimated CO emission flux to be 2–14 times higher than widely used emission databases (EDGAR HTAP, REAS and INTEX-B).
This paper presents the first-time simultaneous measurement of CO and O3 at multiple sites in...
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