Observation and analysis of spatiotemporal characteristics of surface ozone and carbon monoxide at multiple sites in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Mahata, Khadak Singh; Rupakheti, Maheswar; Panday, Arnico Kumar; Bhardwaj, Piyush; Naja, Manish; Singh, Ashish; Mues, Andrea; Cristofanelli, Paolo; Pudasainee, Deepak; Bonasoni, Paolo; Lawrence, Mark G.

doi:10.5194/acp-18-14113-2018

Articles | Volume 18, issue 19

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14113-2018

© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Special issue:

Atmospheric pollution in the Himalayan foothills: The SusKat-ABC...

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14113-2018

© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 18, issue 19

Research article

|

05 Oct 2018

Research article |

| 05 Oct 2018

Observation and analysis of spatiotemporal characteristics of surface ozone and carbon monoxide at multiple sites in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Khadak Singh Mahata, Maheswar Rupakheti, Arnico Kumar Panday, Piyush Bhardwaj, Manish Naja, Ashish Singh, Andrea Mues, Paolo Cristofanelli, Deepak Pudasainee, Paolo Bonasoni, and Mark G. Lawrence

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Feb 2020	29	11	1	41
Mar 2020	14	6	0	20
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Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 18 Dec 2017)

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Jan 2018	47	23	1	71
Feb 2018	30	6	4	40
Mar 2018	29	6	0	35
Apr 2018	26	13	0	39
May 2018	19	8	0	27
Jun 2018	26	13	1	40
Jul 2018	22	15	0	37
Aug 2018	23	16	2	41
Sep 2018	19	13	0	32
Oct 2018	303	107	9	419
Nov 2018	39	25	2	66
Dec 2018	25	15	2	42
Jan 2019	17	15	0	32
Feb 2019	16	15	0	31
Mar 2019	19	10	2	31
Apr 2019	6	4	3	13
May 2019	17	12	1	30
Jun 2019	25	13	0	38
Jul 2019	9	12	0	21
Aug 2019	9	9	2	20
Sep 2019	7	8	0	15
Oct 2019	16	8	1	25
Nov 2019	15	9	0	24
Dec 2019	18	12	0	30
Jan 2020	33	4	1	38
Feb 2020	29	11	1	41
Mar 2020	14	6	0	20
Apr 2020	22	5	0	27
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Jun 2020	25	8	0	33
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Short summary

This paper presents the first-time simultaneous measurement of CO and O₃ at multiple sites in the Kathmandu Valley bottom, its mountain rim and a river outlet, providing their spatial, temporal and seasonal–diurnal variations. Our study reveals that high O₃, especially during premonsoon, in observed sites is of high concern for human health and ecosystems in the region. We also estimated CO emission flux to be 2–14 times higher than widely used emission databases (EDGAR HTAP, REAS and INTEX-B).


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