Space-based observation of volcanic iodine monoxide

Schönhardt, Anja; Richter, Andreas; Theys, Nicolas; Burrows, John P.

doi:10.5194/acp-17-4857-2017

Articles | Volume 17, issue 7

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4857-2017

© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-4857-2017

© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 17, issue 7

Research article

|

13 Apr 2017

Research article |

| 13 Apr 2017

Space-based observation of volcanic iodine monoxide

Anja Schönhardt, Andreas Richter, Nicolas Theys, and John P. Burrows

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Views and downloads (calculated since 22 Jul 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jul 2016	73	26	1	100
Aug 2016	44	14	1	59
Sep 2016	57	9	0	66
Oct 2016	17	7	4	28
Nov 2016	5	1	8	14
Dec 2016	3	1	0	4
Jan 2017	10	5	2	17
Feb 2017	19	2	21
Mar 2017	34	10	8	52
Apr 2017	276	91	12	379
May 2017	51	31	2	84
Jun 2017	23	16	2	41
Jul 2017	26	24	0	50
Aug 2017	12	18	0	30
Sep 2017	18	16	0	34
Oct 2017	15	16	1	32
Nov 2017	20	21	0	41
Dec 2017	10	15	0	25
Jan 2018	16	17	0	33
Feb 2018	8	14	0	22
Mar 2018	15	26	0	41
Apr 2018	11	20	0	31
May 2018	13	16	1	30
Jun 2018	15	22	0	37
Jul 2018	8	17	0	25
Aug 2018	14	15	0	29
Sep 2018	10	14	1	25
Oct 2018	20	15	3	38
Nov 2018	12	22	3	37
Dec 2018	6	12	0	18
Jan 2019	9	13	0	22
Feb 2019	4	9	0	13
Mar 2019	8	13	0	21
Apr 2019	8	11	1	20
May 2019	7	10	0	17
Jun 2019	7	4	0	11
Jul 2019	7	12	0	19
Aug 2019	7	10	0	17
Sep 2019	10	9	0	19
Oct 2019	7	9	1	17
Nov 2019	8	10	0	18
Dec 2019	6	8	0	14
Jan 2020	7	6	1	14
Feb 2020	9	4	1	14
Mar 2020	5	5	0	10
Apr 2020	3	5	0	8
May 2020	11	8	0	19
Jun 2020	12	17	0	29
Jul 2020	15	17	4	36
Aug 2020	9	8	2	19
Sep 2020	14	6	0	20
Oct 2020	9	11	0	20
Nov 2020	10	10	0	20
Dec 2020	14	16	0	30
Jan 2021	15	9	0	24
Feb 2021	16	9	0	25
Mar 2021	11	10	1	22
Apr 2021	15	14	0	29
May 2021	8	16	1	25
Jun 2021	10	11	2	23
Jul 2021	16	11	1	28
Aug 2021	8	16	0	24
Sep 2021	13	17	0	30
Oct 2021	9	35	0	44
Nov 2021	15	25	0	40
Dec 2021	14	10	0	24
Jan 2022	9	15	0	24
Feb 2022	11	13	3	27
Mar 2022	11	11	0	22
Apr 2022	6	8	1	15
May 2022	10	5	0	15
Jun 2022	4	2	0	6
Jul 2022	4	10	0	14
Aug 2022	11	3	0	14
Sep 2022	4	5	1	10
Oct 2022	8	3	5	16
Nov 2022	9	6	0	15
Dec 2022	11	3	3	17
Jan 2023	6	11	1	18
Feb 2023	17	3	0	20
Mar 2023	19	4	4	27
Apr 2023	7	10	1	18
May 2023	27	9	0	36
Jun 2023	43	5	2	50
Jul 2023	37	12	2	51
Aug 2023	35	18	2	55
Sep 2023	36	13	1	50
Oct 2023	38	15	3	56
Nov 2023	24	4	0	28
Dec 2023	44	12	0	56
Jan 2024	41	36	2	79
Feb 2024	36	18	0	54
Mar 2024	39	19	2	60
Apr 2024	40	11	2	53
May 2024	16	12	0	28
Jun 2024	16	14	1	31
Jul 2024	19	18	3	40
Aug 2024	29	16	2	47
Sep 2024	8	9	0	17
Oct 2024	25	13	0	38
Nov 2024	26	3	6	35
Dec 2024	15	15	1	31
Jan 2025	24	19	2	45
Feb 2025	33	10	0	43
Mar 2025	13	10	1	24
Apr 2025	20	17	2	39
May 2025	21	9	1	31
Jun 2025	51	14	2	67
Jul 2025	38	17	1	56
Aug 2025	47	26	2	75
Sep 2025	72	28	2	102
Oct 2025	16	30	0	46
Nov 2025	26	12	2	40

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 22 Jul 2016)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jul 2016	73	26	1	100
Aug 2016	44	14	1	59
Sep 2016	57	9	0	66
Oct 2016	17	7	4	28
Nov 2016	5	1	8	14
Dec 2016	3	1	0	4
Jan 2017	10	5	2	17
Feb 2017	19	2	21
Mar 2017	34	10	8	52
Apr 2017	276	91	12	379
May 2017	51	31	2	84
Jun 2017	23	16	2	41
Jul 2017	26	24	0	50
Aug 2017	12	18	0	30
Sep 2017	18	16	0	34
Oct 2017	15	16	1	32
Nov 2017	20	21	0	41
Dec 2017	10	15	0	25
Jan 2018	16	17	0	33
Feb 2018	8	14	0	22
Mar 2018	15	26	0	41
Apr 2018	11	20	0	31
May 2018	13	16	1	30
Jun 2018	15	22	0	37
Jul 2018	8	17	0	25
Aug 2018	14	15	0	29
Sep 2018	10	14	1	25
Oct 2018	20	15	3	38
Nov 2018	12	22	3	37
Dec 2018	6	12	0	18
Jan 2019	9	13	0	22
Feb 2019	4	9	0	13
Mar 2019	8	13	0	21
Apr 2019	8	11	1	20
May 2019	7	10	0	17
Jun 2019	7	4	0	11
Jul 2019	7	12	0	19
Aug 2019	7	10	0	17
Sep 2019	10	9	0	19
Oct 2019	7	9	1	17
Nov 2019	8	10	0	18
Dec 2019	6	8	0	14
Jan 2020	7	6	1	14
Feb 2020	9	4	1	14
Mar 2020	5	5	0	10
Apr 2020	3	5	0	8
May 2020	11	8	0	19
Jun 2020	12	17	0	29
Jul 2020	15	17	4	36
Aug 2020	9	8	2	19
Sep 2020	14	6	0	20
Oct 2020	9	11	0	20
Nov 2020	10	10	0	20
Dec 2020	14	16	0	30
Jan 2021	15	9	0	24
Feb 2021	16	9	0	25
Mar 2021	11	10	1	22
Apr 2021	15	14	0	29
May 2021	8	16	1	25
Jun 2021	10	11	2	23
Jul 2021	16	11	1	28
Aug 2021	8	16	0	24
Sep 2021	13	17	0	30
Oct 2021	9	35	0	44
Nov 2021	15	25	0	40
Dec 2021	14	10	0	24
Jan 2022	9	15	0	24
Feb 2022	11	13	3	27
Mar 2022	11	11	0	22
Apr 2022	6	8	1	15
May 2022	10	5	0	15
Jun 2022	4	2	0	6
Jul 2022	4	10	0	14
Aug 2022	11	3	0	14
Sep 2022	4	5	1	10
Oct 2022	8	3	5	16
Nov 2022	9	6	0	15
Dec 2022	11	3	3	17
Jan 2023	6	11	1	18
Feb 2023	17	3	0	20
Mar 2023	19	4	4	27
Apr 2023	7	10	1	18
May 2023	27	9	0	36
Jun 2023	43	5	2	50
Jul 2023	37	12	2	51
Aug 2023	35	18	2	55
Sep 2023	36	13	1	50
Oct 2023	38	15	3	56
Nov 2023	24	4	0	28
Dec 2023	44	12	0	56
Jan 2024	41	36	2	79
Feb 2024	36	18	0	54
Mar 2024	39	19	2	60
Apr 2024	40	11	2	53
May 2024	16	12	0	28
Jun 2024	16	14	1	31
Jul 2024	19	18	3	40
Aug 2024	29	16	2	47
Sep 2024	8	9	0	17
Oct 2024	25	13	0	38
Nov 2024	26	3	6	35
Dec 2024	15	15	1	31
Jan 2025	24	19	2	45
Feb 2025	33	10	0	43
Mar 2025	13	10	1	24
Apr 2025	20	17	2	39
May 2025	21	9	1	31
Jun 2025	51	14	2	67
Jul 2025	38	17	1	56
Aug 2025	47	26	2	75
Sep 2025	72	28	2	102
Oct 2025	16	30	0	46
Nov 2025	26	12	2	40

Latest update: 21 Nov 2025

Short summary

Iodine monoxide, IO, is observed in satellite measurements following the eruption of the Kasatochi volcano, Alaska, in August 2008. Large IO columns are detected by SCIAMACHY on ENVISAT and by GOME-2 on MetOp-A for several days. IO amounts are approximately 1 order of magnitude smaller than those of BrO. Details in the spatial distributions differ between IO, BrO and sulfur dioxide, SO₂. The total mass of IO in the volcanic plume is determined to be on the order of 10 Mg.