Articles | Volume 17, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-485-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-485-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
11 Jan 2017
Research article |
| 11 Jan 2017
Revisiting the observed surface climate response to large volcanic eruptions
Fabian Wunderlich
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
now at: Institute of Meteorology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Daniel M. Mitchell
Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Cited
21 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Northern Hemisphere continental winter warming following the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption: reconciling models and observations L. Polvani et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6351-2019
- Volcanic forcing of high-latitude Northern Hemisphere eruptions H. Fuglestvedt et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-023-00539-4
- Scientific principles and public policy F. Mulargia et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.09.007
- Surface temperature response to the major volcanic eruptions in multiple reanalysis data sets M. Fujiwara et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-345-2020
- ENSO and NAO Linkage to Strong Volcanism and Associated Post‐Volcanic High‐Latitude Winter Warming M. Dogar et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL106114
- Solar wind signal in the wintertime North Atlantic oscillation and Northern Hemispheric circulation Z. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6461
- Scant evidence for a volcanically forced winter warming over Eurasia following the Krakatau eruption of August 1883 L. Polvani & S. Camargo https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13687-2020
- GISS Model E2.2: A Climate Model Optimized for the Middle Atmosphere—Model Structure, Climatology, Variability, and Climate Sensitivity D. Rind et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032204
- Model simulations of the chemical and aerosol microphysical evolution of the Sarychev Peak 2009 eruption cloud compared to in situ and satellite observations T. Lurton et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3223-2018
- North Atlantic weather regimes in δ<sup>18</sup>O of winter precipitation: isotopic fingerprint of the response in the atmospheric circulation after volcanic eruptions H. Guđlaugsdóttir et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/16000889.2019.1633848
- Long-range transport of stratospheric aerosols in the Southern Hemisphere following the 2015 Calbuco eruption N. Bègue et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15019-2017
- Stratospheric aerosol layer perturbation caused by the 2019 Raikoke and Ulawun eruptions and their radiative forcing C. Kloss et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-535-2021
- Solar Geoengineering in the Polar Regions: A Review A. Duffey et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EF003679
- The unidentified eruption of 1809: a climatic cold case C. Timmreck et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1455-2021
- Temporal and Spatial Variability in Contemporary Greenland Warming (1958–2020) Q. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0313.1
- Comparing Surface and Stratospheric Impacts of Geoengineering With Different SO2 Injection Strategies B. Kravitz et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030329
- A Review of El Niño Southern Oscillation Linkage to Strong Volcanic Eruptions and Post-Volcanic Winter Warming M. Dogar et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-022-00331-z
- Climate Impacts From Large Volcanic Eruptions in a High‐Resolution Climate Model: The Importance of Forcing Structure W. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082367
- Assessing the Climate Impacts of the Observed Atlantic Multidecadal Variability Using the GFDL CM2.1 and NCAR CESM1 Global Coupled Models Y. Ruprich-Robert et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0127.1
- Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol Geoengineering Could Alter the High‐Latitude Seasonal Cycle J. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085758
- Investigating post-eruption amplified winter cooling in the Middle East and North Africa—unraveling ENSO and NAO dynamics M. Dogar et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/adc675
21 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Northern Hemisphere continental winter warming following the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption: reconciling models and observations L. Polvani et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6351-2019
- Volcanic forcing of high-latitude Northern Hemisphere eruptions H. Fuglestvedt et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-023-00539-4
- Scientific principles and public policy F. Mulargia et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.09.007
- Surface temperature response to the major volcanic eruptions in multiple reanalysis data sets M. Fujiwara et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-345-2020
- ENSO and NAO Linkage to Strong Volcanism and Associated Post‐Volcanic High‐Latitude Winter Warming M. Dogar et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL106114
- Solar wind signal in the wintertime North Atlantic oscillation and Northern Hemispheric circulation Z. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6461
- Scant evidence for a volcanically forced winter warming over Eurasia following the Krakatau eruption of August 1883 L. Polvani & S. Camargo https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13687-2020
- GISS Model E2.2: A Climate Model Optimized for the Middle Atmosphere—Model Structure, Climatology, Variability, and Climate Sensitivity D. Rind et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032204
- Model simulations of the chemical and aerosol microphysical evolution of the Sarychev Peak 2009 eruption cloud compared to in situ and satellite observations T. Lurton et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-3223-2018
- North Atlantic weather regimes in δ<sup>18</sup>O of winter precipitation: isotopic fingerprint of the response in the atmospheric circulation after volcanic eruptions H. Guđlaugsdóttir et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/16000889.2019.1633848
- Long-range transport of stratospheric aerosols in the Southern Hemisphere following the 2015 Calbuco eruption N. Bègue et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-15019-2017
- Stratospheric aerosol layer perturbation caused by the 2019 Raikoke and Ulawun eruptions and their radiative forcing C. Kloss et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-535-2021
- Solar Geoengineering in the Polar Regions: A Review A. Duffey et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EF003679
- The unidentified eruption of 1809: a climatic cold case C. Timmreck et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1455-2021
- Temporal and Spatial Variability in Contemporary Greenland Warming (1958–2020) Q. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-21-0313.1
- Comparing Surface and Stratospheric Impacts of Geoengineering With Different SO2 Injection Strategies B. Kravitz et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030329
- A Review of El Niño Southern Oscillation Linkage to Strong Volcanic Eruptions and Post-Volcanic Winter Warming M. Dogar et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41748-022-00331-z
- Climate Impacts From Large Volcanic Eruptions in a High‐Resolution Climate Model: The Importance of Forcing Structure W. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082367
- Assessing the Climate Impacts of the Observed Atlantic Multidecadal Variability Using the GFDL CM2.1 and NCAR CESM1 Global Coupled Models Y. Ruprich-Robert et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0127.1
- Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol Geoengineering Could Alter the High‐Latitude Seasonal Cycle J. Jiang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085758
- Investigating post-eruption amplified winter cooling in the Middle East and North Africa—unraveling ENSO and NAO dynamics M. Dogar et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/adc675
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 23 Oct 2026
Short summary
Large volcanic eruptions can eject aerosols into the stratosphere and prevent UV radiation reaching the surface, resulting in surface cooling. A secondary, non-linear effect occurs at high latitudes. While the surface cooling is robust in observations, we show that the non-linear, high-latitude effect is less robust. Climate models have failures at reproducing both aspects, probably because of aliasing with other climate modes and overrepresentation of stratospheric aerosol.
Large volcanic eruptions can eject aerosols into the stratosphere and prevent UV radiation...
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