Articles | Volume 17, issue 23
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14771-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14771-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
12 Dec 2017
Research article |
| 12 Dec 2017
Sixty years of radiocarbon dioxide measurements at Wellington, New Zealand: 1954–2014
Jocelyn C. Turnbull
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
GNS Science, Rafter Radiocarbon Laboratory, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
CIRES, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
Sara E. Mikaloff Fletcher
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand
India Ansell
GNS Science, Rafter Radiocarbon Laboratory, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
Gordon W. Brailsford
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand
Rowena C. Moss
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand
Margaret W. Norris
GNS Science, Rafter Radiocarbon Laboratory, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
Kay Steinkamp
National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Wellington, New Zealand
Viewed
Total article views: 4,123 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 20 Dec 2016)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,521 | 1,455 | 147 | 4,123 | 363 | 113 | 167 |
- HTML: 2,521
- PDF: 1,455
- XML: 147
- Total: 4,123
- Supplement: 363
- BibTeX: 113
- EndNote: 167
Total article views: 3,515 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 12 Dec 2017)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,206 | 1,205 | 104 | 3,515 | 258 | 90 | 121 |
- HTML: 2,206
- PDF: 1,205
- XML: 104
- Total: 3,515
- Supplement: 258
- BibTeX: 90
- EndNote: 121
Total article views: 608 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 20 Dec 2016)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 315 | 250 | 43 | 608 | 105 | 23 | 46 |
- HTML: 315
- PDF: 250
- XML: 43
- Total: 608
- Supplement: 105
- BibTeX: 23
- EndNote: 46
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 4,123 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,123 with geography defined
and 0 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 3,515 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,515 with geography defined
and 0 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 608 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 594 with geography defined
and 14 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
58 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Making the case for an International Decade of Radiocarbon T. Eglinton et al. 10.1098/rsta.2023.0081
- Insights from Time Series of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Related Tracers R. Keeling & H. Graven 10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-125406
- A novel post-1950 CE atmospheric 14C record for the tropics using absolutely dated tree rings in the equatorial Amazon G. Santos et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170686
- RADIOCARBON IN GLOBAL TROPOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE I. Levin et al. 10.1017/RDC.2021.102
- High-resolution 14C bomb peak dating and climate response analyses of subseasonal stable isotope signals in wood of the African baobab – a case study from Oman F. Slotta et al. 10.5194/bg-18-3539-2021
- The [simple carbon project] model v1.0 C. O'Neill et al. 10.5194/gmd-12-1541-2019
- Examining the use of different sample types following decomposition to estimate year of death using bomb pulse dating E. Johnstone-Belford et al. 10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102275
- Long-term radiocarbon variation studies in the air and tree rings of Slovakia P. Povinec et al. 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107401
- The effects of diet and beauty products on the uptake and storage of 14C in hair and nails: ramifications for the application of bomb pulse dating to forensic anthropological casework E. Johnstone-Belford et al. 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111771
- Integrating chronological uncertainties for annually laminated lake sediments using layer counting, independent chronologies and Bayesian age modelling (Lake Ohau, South Island, New Zealand) M. Vandergoes et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.03.015
- Spatial distribution of fossil fuel derived CO2 over India using radiocarbon measurements in crop plants R. Sharma et al. 10.1016/j.jes.2021.11.003
- Hydrotalcites and hydrated Mg-carbonates as carbon sinks in serpentinite mineral wastes from the Woodsreef chrysotile mine, New South Wales, Australia: Controls on carbonate mineralogy and efficiency of CO2 air capture in mine tailings C. Turvey et al. 10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.09.015
- An Investigation of Gas Exchange and Water Circulation in the Amundsen Sea Based On Dissolved Inorganic Radiocarbon B. Kim et al. 10.1029/2018GL079464
- Age structure of the Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri) S. Fallon et al. 10.1371/journal.pone.0210168
- Radiocarbon analysis confirms annual periodicity in Cedrela odorata tree rings from the equatorial Amazon G. Santos et al. 10.1016/j.quageo.2020.101079
- DISCUSSION: PRESENTATION OF ATMOSPHERIC 14CO2 DATA S. Schwartz et al. 10.1017/RDC.2024.27
- Mobilization of aged and biolabile soil carbon by tropical deforestation T. Drake et al. 10.1038/s41561-019-0384-9
- Using palaeolimnology to guide rehabilitation of a culturally significant lake in New Zealand J. Short et al. 10.1002/aqc.3808
- Measurements of atmospheric Δ<sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> along the R/V <i>Xuelong</i> cruise track from Zhongshan Station (Antarctica) to Shanghai X. Zheng et al. 10.1080/16000889.2020.1807245
- Response of the Christchurch groundwater system to exploitation: Carbon-14 and tritium study revisited M. Stewart & R. van der Raaij 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152730
- Modeling the contribution of carbon sources using cellulose 14C concentrations in subannual tree ring increments over the 1963 bomb spike H. Svarva et al. 10.1017/rdc.2025.10102
- Development and applications of accelerator mass spectrometry methods for measurement of 14C, 10Be and 26Al in the CENTA laboratory P. Povinec et al. 10.1007/s10967-023-09294-5
- The importance of bone sample selection when using radiocarbon analysis in cases of unidentified human remains E. Johnstone-Belford et al. 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111480
- Heterogenous distribution and burial flux of black carbon in Chinese lakes and its global implication X. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167687
- Modern sediment records of hydroclimatic extremes and associated potential contaminant mobilization in semi-arid environments: lessons learnt from recent flood-drought cycles in southern Botswana F. Franchi et al. 10.1007/s11368-019-02454-9
- First ROV Exploration of the Perth Canyon: Canyon Setting, Faunal Observations, and Anthropogenic Impacts J. Trotter et al. 10.3389/fmars.2019.00173
- A comparison of three methods to assess natural source zone depletion at paved fuel retail sites J. Smith et al. 10.1144/qjegh2021-005
- Seasonal source variability of carbonaceous aerosols at the Rwanda Climate Observatory A. Andersson et al. 10.5194/acp-20-4561-2020
- Distinct Modes of Aged Soil Carbon Export in a Large Tropical Lake Basin Identified Using Bulk and Compound‐Specific Radiocarbon Analyses of Fluvial and Lacustrine Sediment W. Parker et al. 10.1029/2023JG007515
- Authenticating bioplastics using carbon and hydrogen stable isotopes – An alternative analytical approach K. Rogers et al. 10.1002/rcm.9051
- Estimation of Atmospheric Fossil Fuel CO2 Traced by Δ14C: Current Status and Outlook M. Yu et al. 10.3390/atmos13122131
- RADIOCARBON STEP-COMBUSTION OXIDATION METHOD AND FTIR ANALYSIS OF TRONDHEIM CaCO3 PRECIPITATES OF ATMOSPHERIC CO2 SAMPLES: FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS AND INSIGHTS G. Santos et al. 10.1017/RDC.2023.106
- Radiocarbon dating I. Hajdas et al. 10.1038/s43586-021-00058-7
- Spatial differentiation of sediment organic matter isotopic composition and inferred sources in a temperate forest lake catchment P. Douglas et al. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.120887
- ATMOSPHERIC RADIOCARBON FOR THE PERIOD 1910–2021 RECORDED BY ANNUAL PLANTS M. Carbone et al. 10.1017/RDC.2023.5
- Dramatic Lockdown Fossil Fuel CO2 Decrease Detected by Citizen Science-Supported Atmospheric Radiocarbon Observations J. Turnbull et al. 10.1021/acs.est.1c07994
- Black carbon emissions from traffic contribute substantially to air pollution in Nairobi, Kenya L. Kirago et al. 10.1038/s43247-022-00400-1
- SURFACE OCEAN RADIOCARBON FROM A PORITES CORAL RECORD IN THE GREAT BARRIER REEF: 1945–2017 Y. Wu et al. 10.1017/RDC.2020.141
- SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FOSSIL FUEL CO2 IN MEGACITY DELHI DETERMINED USING RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS IN PEEPAL (FICUS RELIGIOSA) TREE LEAVES R. Sharma et al. 10.1017/RDC.2023.66
- Capturing the short-term variability of carbon dioxide emissions from sedimentary rock weathering in a remote mountainous catchment, New Zealand T. Roylands et al. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121024
- Assessment of the regional fossil fuel CO2 distribution through Δ14C patterns in ipê leaves: The case of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil G. Santos et al. 10.1016/j.cacint.2019.06.001
- RADIOCARBON AND ATMOSPHERIC14CO2PIONEER ATHOL RAFTER J. Turnbull et al. 10.1017/RDC.2021.88
- Source Quantification of South Asian Black Carbon Aerosols with Isotopes and Modeling S. Dasari et al. 10.1021/acs.est.0c02193
- Radiocarbon in the Land and Ocean Components of the Community Earth System Model T. Frischknecht et al. 10.1029/2021GB007042
- How long does carbon stay in a near-pristine central Amazon forest? An empirical estimate with radiocarbon I. Chanca et al. 10.5194/bg-22-455-2025
- ATMOSPHERIC RADIOCARBON FOR THE PERIOD 1950–2019 Q. Hua et al. 10.1017/RDC.2021.95
- Radiocarbon monoxide indicates increasing atmospheric oxidizing capacity O. Morgenstern et al. 10.1038/s41467-024-55603-1
- Evaluating possible sources of error in tree-ring 14C data using multiple trees across South America G. Santos et al. 10.1017/RDC.2024.105
- Comment on “World Atmospheric CO2, Its 14C Specific Activity, Non-fossil Component, Anthropogenic Fossil Component, and Emissions (1750–2018),” by Kenneth Skrable, George Chabot, and Clayton French S. Schwartz et al. 10.1097/HP.0000000000001577
- Sub-annual bomb radiocarbon records from trees in northern Israel H. Raj et al. 10.1038/s41598-023-46144-6
- The histology and growth rate of Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) claws A. Myburgh et al. 10.1002/jmor.21634
- THE POTENTIAL OF BIOGENIC FRACTION ANALYSIS BY RADIOCARBON IN FOOD, DRUG, AND COSMETIC PRODUCTS T. Varga et al. 10.1017/RDC.2023.98
- Identifying the influence of episodic events on groundwater recharge in semi-arid environments using environmental tracers M. Chmielarski et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130848
- Radiocarbon isotope technique as a powerful tool in tracking anthropogenic emissions of carbonaceous air pollutants and greenhouse gases: A review G. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.03.007
- Verification Method of Direct Air Capture by Cementitious Material Using Carbon Isotopes Z. Wang et al. 10.3151/jact.21.934
- Radiocarbon bomb-peak signal in tree-rings from the tropical Andes register low latitude atmospheric dynamics in the Southern Hemisphere S. Ancapichún et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145126
- The hadal zone is an important and heterogeneous sink of black carbon in the ocean X. Zhang et al. 10.1038/s43247-022-00351-7
- Carbon export from mountain forests enhanced by earthquake-triggered landslides over millennia N. Frith et al. 10.1038/s41561-018-0216-3
57 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Making the case for an International Decade of Radiocarbon T. Eglinton et al. 10.1098/rsta.2023.0081
- Insights from Time Series of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Related Tracers R. Keeling & H. Graven 10.1146/annurev-environ-012220-125406
- A novel post-1950 CE atmospheric 14C record for the tropics using absolutely dated tree rings in the equatorial Amazon G. Santos et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170686
- RADIOCARBON IN GLOBAL TROPOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE I. Levin et al. 10.1017/RDC.2021.102
- High-resolution 14C bomb peak dating and climate response analyses of subseasonal stable isotope signals in wood of the African baobab – a case study from Oman F. Slotta et al. 10.5194/bg-18-3539-2021
- The [simple carbon project] model v1.0 C. O'Neill et al. 10.5194/gmd-12-1541-2019
- Examining the use of different sample types following decomposition to estimate year of death using bomb pulse dating E. Johnstone-Belford et al. 10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102275
- Long-term radiocarbon variation studies in the air and tree rings of Slovakia P. Povinec et al. 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2024.107401
- The effects of diet and beauty products on the uptake and storage of 14C in hair and nails: ramifications for the application of bomb pulse dating to forensic anthropological casework E. Johnstone-Belford et al. 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111771
- Integrating chronological uncertainties for annually laminated lake sediments using layer counting, independent chronologies and Bayesian age modelling (Lake Ohau, South Island, New Zealand) M. Vandergoes et al. 10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.03.015
- Spatial distribution of fossil fuel derived CO2 over India using radiocarbon measurements in crop plants R. Sharma et al. 10.1016/j.jes.2021.11.003
- Hydrotalcites and hydrated Mg-carbonates as carbon sinks in serpentinite mineral wastes from the Woodsreef chrysotile mine, New South Wales, Australia: Controls on carbonate mineralogy and efficiency of CO2 air capture in mine tailings C. Turvey et al. 10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.09.015
- An Investigation of Gas Exchange and Water Circulation in the Amundsen Sea Based On Dissolved Inorganic Radiocarbon B. Kim et al. 10.1029/2018GL079464
- Age structure of the Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri) S. Fallon et al. 10.1371/journal.pone.0210168
- Radiocarbon analysis confirms annual periodicity in Cedrela odorata tree rings from the equatorial Amazon G. Santos et al. 10.1016/j.quageo.2020.101079
- DISCUSSION: PRESENTATION OF ATMOSPHERIC 14CO2 DATA S. Schwartz et al. 10.1017/RDC.2024.27
- Mobilization of aged and biolabile soil carbon by tropical deforestation T. Drake et al. 10.1038/s41561-019-0384-9
- Using palaeolimnology to guide rehabilitation of a culturally significant lake in New Zealand J. Short et al. 10.1002/aqc.3808
- Measurements of atmospheric Δ<sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> along the R/V <i>Xuelong</i> cruise track from Zhongshan Station (Antarctica) to Shanghai X. Zheng et al. 10.1080/16000889.2020.1807245
- Response of the Christchurch groundwater system to exploitation: Carbon-14 and tritium study revisited M. Stewart & R. van der Raaij 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152730
- Modeling the contribution of carbon sources using cellulose 14C concentrations in subannual tree ring increments over the 1963 bomb spike H. Svarva et al. 10.1017/rdc.2025.10102
- Development and applications of accelerator mass spectrometry methods for measurement of 14C, 10Be and 26Al in the CENTA laboratory P. Povinec et al. 10.1007/s10967-023-09294-5
- The importance of bone sample selection when using radiocarbon analysis in cases of unidentified human remains E. Johnstone-Belford et al. 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111480
- Heterogenous distribution and burial flux of black carbon in Chinese lakes and its global implication X. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167687
- Modern sediment records of hydroclimatic extremes and associated potential contaminant mobilization in semi-arid environments: lessons learnt from recent flood-drought cycles in southern Botswana F. Franchi et al. 10.1007/s11368-019-02454-9
- First ROV Exploration of the Perth Canyon: Canyon Setting, Faunal Observations, and Anthropogenic Impacts J. Trotter et al. 10.3389/fmars.2019.00173
- A comparison of three methods to assess natural source zone depletion at paved fuel retail sites J. Smith et al. 10.1144/qjegh2021-005
- Seasonal source variability of carbonaceous aerosols at the Rwanda Climate Observatory A. Andersson et al. 10.5194/acp-20-4561-2020
- Distinct Modes of Aged Soil Carbon Export in a Large Tropical Lake Basin Identified Using Bulk and Compound‐Specific Radiocarbon Analyses of Fluvial and Lacustrine Sediment W. Parker et al. 10.1029/2023JG007515
- Authenticating bioplastics using carbon and hydrogen stable isotopes – An alternative analytical approach K. Rogers et al. 10.1002/rcm.9051
- Estimation of Atmospheric Fossil Fuel CO2 Traced by Δ14C: Current Status and Outlook M. Yu et al. 10.3390/atmos13122131
- RADIOCARBON STEP-COMBUSTION OXIDATION METHOD AND FTIR ANALYSIS OF TRONDHEIM CaCO3 PRECIPITATES OF ATMOSPHERIC CO2 SAMPLES: FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS AND INSIGHTS G. Santos et al. 10.1017/RDC.2023.106
- Radiocarbon dating I. Hajdas et al. 10.1038/s43586-021-00058-7
- Spatial differentiation of sediment organic matter isotopic composition and inferred sources in a temperate forest lake catchment P. Douglas et al. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.120887
- ATMOSPHERIC RADIOCARBON FOR THE PERIOD 1910–2021 RECORDED BY ANNUAL PLANTS M. Carbone et al. 10.1017/RDC.2023.5
- Dramatic Lockdown Fossil Fuel CO2 Decrease Detected by Citizen Science-Supported Atmospheric Radiocarbon Observations J. Turnbull et al. 10.1021/acs.est.1c07994
- Black carbon emissions from traffic contribute substantially to air pollution in Nairobi, Kenya L. Kirago et al. 10.1038/s43247-022-00400-1
- SURFACE OCEAN RADIOCARBON FROM A PORITES CORAL RECORD IN THE GREAT BARRIER REEF: 1945–2017 Y. Wu et al. 10.1017/RDC.2020.141
- SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF FOSSIL FUEL CO2 IN MEGACITY DELHI DETERMINED USING RADIOCARBON MEASUREMENTS IN PEEPAL (FICUS RELIGIOSA) TREE LEAVES R. Sharma et al. 10.1017/RDC.2023.66
- Capturing the short-term variability of carbon dioxide emissions from sedimentary rock weathering in a remote mountainous catchment, New Zealand T. Roylands et al. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121024
- Assessment of the regional fossil fuel CO2 distribution through Δ14C patterns in ipê leaves: The case of Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil G. Santos et al. 10.1016/j.cacint.2019.06.001
- RADIOCARBON AND ATMOSPHERIC14CO2PIONEER ATHOL RAFTER J. Turnbull et al. 10.1017/RDC.2021.88
- Source Quantification of South Asian Black Carbon Aerosols with Isotopes and Modeling S. Dasari et al. 10.1021/acs.est.0c02193
- Radiocarbon in the Land and Ocean Components of the Community Earth System Model T. Frischknecht et al. 10.1029/2021GB007042
- How long does carbon stay in a near-pristine central Amazon forest? An empirical estimate with radiocarbon I. Chanca et al. 10.5194/bg-22-455-2025
- ATMOSPHERIC RADIOCARBON FOR THE PERIOD 1950–2019 Q. Hua et al. 10.1017/RDC.2021.95
- Radiocarbon monoxide indicates increasing atmospheric oxidizing capacity O. Morgenstern et al. 10.1038/s41467-024-55603-1
- Evaluating possible sources of error in tree-ring 14C data using multiple trees across South America G. Santos et al. 10.1017/RDC.2024.105
- Comment on “World Atmospheric CO2, Its 14C Specific Activity, Non-fossil Component, Anthropogenic Fossil Component, and Emissions (1750–2018),” by Kenneth Skrable, George Chabot, and Clayton French S. Schwartz et al. 10.1097/HP.0000000000001577
- Sub-annual bomb radiocarbon records from trees in northern Israel H. Raj et al. 10.1038/s41598-023-46144-6
- The histology and growth rate of Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) claws A. Myburgh et al. 10.1002/jmor.21634
- THE POTENTIAL OF BIOGENIC FRACTION ANALYSIS BY RADIOCARBON IN FOOD, DRUG, AND COSMETIC PRODUCTS T. Varga et al. 10.1017/RDC.2023.98
- Identifying the influence of episodic events on groundwater recharge in semi-arid environments using environmental tracers M. Chmielarski et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130848
- Radiocarbon isotope technique as a powerful tool in tracking anthropogenic emissions of carbonaceous air pollutants and greenhouse gases: A review G. Zhang et al. 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.03.007
- Verification Method of Direct Air Capture by Cementitious Material Using Carbon Isotopes Z. Wang et al. 10.3151/jact.21.934
- Radiocarbon bomb-peak signal in tree-rings from the tropical Andes register low latitude atmospheric dynamics in the Southern Hemisphere S. Ancapichún et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145126
- The hadal zone is an important and heterogeneous sink of black carbon in the ocean X. Zhang et al. 10.1038/s43247-022-00351-7
1 citations as recorded by crossref.
Latest update: 13 Jul 2025
Short summary
We present a 60-year record of radiocarbon in carbon dioxide (14CO2) from Wellington New Zealand. It records the atmospheric 14C “bomb spike” and decline as bomb 14C moved through the carbon cycle and fossil fuel emissions increased. The bomb peak is lower and 1.4 years later than in the Northern Hemisphere. Since the early 2000s, Wellington 14CO2 has been elevated above the Northern Hemisphere, possibly due to a reinvigorated Southern Ocean carbon sink.
We present a 60-year record of radiocarbon in carbon dioxide (14CO2) from Wellington New...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint