Articles | Volume 17, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13983-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13983-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
24 Nov 2017
Research article |
| 24 Nov 2017
| 24 Nov 2017
Data assimilation of GNSS zenith total delays from a Nordic processing centre
Magnus Lindskog
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden
Martin Ridal
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden
Sigurdur Thorsteinsson
Icelandic Meteorological Office, Reykjavík, Iceland
Tong Ning
Lantmäteriet, Gävle, Sweden
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Cited
37 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Short-Range Numerical Weather Prediction of Extreme Precipitation Events Using Enhanced Surface Data Assimilation M. Lindskog & T. Landelius https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100587
- Assimilation of high-resolution GNSS tropospheric delays and its effects on a severe convective event nowcasting Y. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107785
- The use of GNSS zenith total delays in operational AROME/Hungary 3D-Var over a central European domain M. Mile et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1569-2019
- Near-real-time GNSS tropospheric IWV monitoring system for South America J. Aragón Paz et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-023-01436-2
- 4DVAR assimilation of GNSS zenith path delays and precipitable water into a numerical weather prediction model WRF W. Rohm et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-345-2019
- Comparison of tropospheric parameters from Meteodrone measurements with GNSS estimates from ground-based stations K. Wilgan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.04.019
- Dynamical Emissivity for Microwave Radiance Assimilation in Regional NWP: Preparing for the Arctic Weather Satellite and EPS-Sterna S. Guedj et al. https://doi.org/10.16993/tellus.4117
- Assimilation of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) zenith delays and tropospheric gradients: a sensitivity study utilizing sparse and dense station networks R. Thundathil et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4907-2025
- Assimilating Ground-Based and High-Dynamic Airborne GNSS Zenith Total Delays Into Numerical Weather Predictions Z. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3583462
- Tropospheric water vapor: a comprehensive high-resolution data collection for the transnational Upper Rhine Graben region B. Fersch et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5287-2022
- Assimilating GNSS Tropospheric Products and Quantitative Evaluation of Their Contributions to Numerical Weather Prediction Y. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3559789
- Evaluation of precipitable water vapor variation for east mediterranean using GNSS M. Darrag et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40328-020-00292-7
- On the Potential of Using GNSS-Derived Precipitable Water Vapor From 5G Base Stations to Improve the Model for Typhoon Precipitation Forecasting Z. Jin et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3669007
- Data assimilation of GPS-ZTD into the RAMS model through 3D-Var: preliminary results at the regional scale A. Mascitelli et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ab0b87
- Assimilation of GNSS and Synoptic Data in a Convection Permitting Limited Area Model: Improvement of Simulated Tropospheric Water Vapor Content A. Wagner et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.869504
- A Case Study on the Impact of Ensemble Data Assimilation with GNSS-Zenith Total Delay and Radar Data on Heavy Rainfall Prediction S. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-18-0418.1
- Retrieval of refractivity fields from GNSS tropospheric delays: theoretical and data-based evaluation of collocation methods and comparisons with GNSS tomography E. Shehaj et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-024-01903-9
- Seasonal heavy precipitation sensitivity to moisture corrections in the western Mediterranean across resolutions S. Khodayar & A. Caldas-Alvarez https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106429
- The impact of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) zenith total delay data assimilation on the short-term precipitable water vapor and precipitation forecast over Italy using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model R. Torcasio et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3319-2023
- Investigating temporal and spatial patterns in the stochastic component of ZTD time series over Europe A. Klos et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-022-01351-y
- Impact of the variational assimilation of ground-based GNSS zenith total delay into AROME-Morocco model F. Hdidou et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2019.1707854
- GPS-ZTD data assimilation and its impact on wintertime haze prediction over North China Plain using WRF 3DVAR and CMAQ modeling system L. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15248-9
- Towards operational multi-GNSS tropospheric products at GFZ Potsdam K. Wilgan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-21-2022
- Towards tropospheric delay estimation using GNSS smartphone receiver network T. De Oliveira Marques et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.09.041
- Overview towards improved understanding of the mechanisms leading to heavy precipitation in the western Mediterranean: lessons learned from HyMeX S. Khodayar et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17051-2021
- Characteristics and Effects of Ground-Based GNSS Zenith Total Delay Observation Errors in the Convective-Scale Model E. KIM et al. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2019-056
- Comparisons between the WRF data assimilation and the GNSS tomography technique in retrieving 3-D wet refractivity fields in Hong Kong Z. Xiong et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-25-2019
- Seasonal and annual variations of the GPS-based precipitable water vapor over Sumatra, Indonesia D. Wijaya et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106216
- Comparisons of Performance Using Data Assimilation and Data Fusion Approaches in Acquiring Precipitable Water Vapor: A Case Study of a Western United States of America Area Z. Xiong et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12102943
- CERRA, the Copernicus European Regional Reanalysis system M. Ridal et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4764
- Assessment of GNSS stations using atmospheric horizontal gradients and microwave radiometry G. Elgered et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2023.05.010
- Assimilation of GNSS tropospheric gradients into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 4.4.1 R. Thundathil et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3599-2024
- Atmospheric horizontal gradients measured with eight co-located GNSS stations and a microwave radiometer T. Ning & G. Elgered https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2069-2025
- Radio occultation and ground-based GNSS products for observing, understanding and predicting extreme events: A review S. Bonafoni et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104624
- Synergistic Assimilation of Radar-Derived Precipitation and GNSS Zenith Total Delay to Improve Heavy Rainfall Forecasts: A Case Study Over Northern Germany in 2017 J. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3550606
- Data assimilation impact studies with the AROME-WMED reanalysis of the first special observation period of the Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment N. Fourrié et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-463-2021
- Exploring the troposphere with GNSS: Advances in modeling, monitoring, and applications C. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105610
37 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Short-Range Numerical Weather Prediction of Extreme Precipitation Events Using Enhanced Surface Data Assimilation M. Lindskog & T. Landelius https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100587
- Assimilation of high-resolution GNSS tropospheric delays and its effects on a severe convective event nowcasting Y. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107785
- The use of GNSS zenith total delays in operational AROME/Hungary 3D-Var over a central European domain M. Mile et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-1569-2019
- Near-real-time GNSS tropospheric IWV monitoring system for South America J. Aragón Paz et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-023-01436-2
- 4DVAR assimilation of GNSS zenith path delays and precipitable water into a numerical weather prediction model WRF W. Rohm et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-345-2019
- Comparison of tropospheric parameters from Meteodrone measurements with GNSS estimates from ground-based stations K. Wilgan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.04.019
- Dynamical Emissivity for Microwave Radiance Assimilation in Regional NWP: Preparing for the Arctic Weather Satellite and EPS-Sterna S. Guedj et al. https://doi.org/10.16993/tellus.4117
- Assimilation of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) zenith delays and tropospheric gradients: a sensitivity study utilizing sparse and dense station networks R. Thundathil et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-4907-2025
- Assimilating Ground-Based and High-Dynamic Airborne GNSS Zenith Total Delays Into Numerical Weather Predictions Z. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3583462
- Tropospheric water vapor: a comprehensive high-resolution data collection for the transnational Upper Rhine Graben region B. Fersch et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5287-2022
- Assimilating GNSS Tropospheric Products and Quantitative Evaluation of Their Contributions to Numerical Weather Prediction Y. Ma et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3559789
- Evaluation of precipitable water vapor variation for east mediterranean using GNSS M. Darrag et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40328-020-00292-7
- On the Potential of Using GNSS-Derived Precipitable Water Vapor From 5G Base Stations to Improve the Model for Typhoon Precipitation Forecasting Z. Jin et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3669007
- Data assimilation of GPS-ZTD into the RAMS model through 3D-Var: preliminary results at the regional scale A. Mascitelli et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ab0b87
- Assimilation of GNSS and Synoptic Data in a Convection Permitting Limited Area Model: Improvement of Simulated Tropospheric Water Vapor Content A. Wagner et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.869504
- A Case Study on the Impact of Ensemble Data Assimilation with GNSS-Zenith Total Delay and Radar Data on Heavy Rainfall Prediction S. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-18-0418.1
- Retrieval of refractivity fields from GNSS tropospheric delays: theoretical and data-based evaluation of collocation methods and comparisons with GNSS tomography E. Shehaj et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-024-01903-9
- Seasonal heavy precipitation sensitivity to moisture corrections in the western Mediterranean across resolutions S. Khodayar & A. Caldas-Alvarez https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106429
- The impact of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) zenith total delay data assimilation on the short-term precipitable water vapor and precipitation forecast over Italy using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model R. Torcasio et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3319-2023
- Investigating temporal and spatial patterns in the stochastic component of ZTD time series over Europe A. Klos et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-022-01351-y
- Impact of the variational assimilation of ground-based GNSS zenith total delay into AROME-Morocco model F. Hdidou et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2019.1707854
- GPS-ZTD data assimilation and its impact on wintertime haze prediction over North China Plain using WRF 3DVAR and CMAQ modeling system L. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15248-9
- Towards operational multi-GNSS tropospheric products at GFZ Potsdam K. Wilgan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-21-2022
- Towards tropospheric delay estimation using GNSS smartphone receiver network T. De Oliveira Marques et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2020.09.041
- Overview towards improved understanding of the mechanisms leading to heavy precipitation in the western Mediterranean: lessons learned from HyMeX S. Khodayar et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-17051-2021
- Characteristics and Effects of Ground-Based GNSS Zenith Total Delay Observation Errors in the Convective-Scale Model E. KIM et al. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.2019-056
- Comparisons between the WRF data assimilation and the GNSS tomography technique in retrieving 3-D wet refractivity fields in Hong Kong Z. Xiong et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-37-25-2019
- Seasonal and annual variations of the GPS-based precipitable water vapor over Sumatra, Indonesia D. Wijaya et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106216
- Comparisons of Performance Using Data Assimilation and Data Fusion Approaches in Acquiring Precipitable Water Vapor: A Case Study of a Western United States of America Area Z. Xiong et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12102943
- CERRA, the Copernicus European Regional Reanalysis system M. Ridal et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4764
- Assessment of GNSS stations using atmospheric horizontal gradients and microwave radiometry G. Elgered et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2023.05.010
- Assimilation of GNSS tropospheric gradients into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 4.4.1 R. Thundathil et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-3599-2024
- Atmospheric horizontal gradients measured with eight co-located GNSS stations and a microwave radiometer T. Ning & G. Elgered https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-2069-2025
- Radio occultation and ground-based GNSS products for observing, understanding and predicting extreme events: A review S. Bonafoni et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104624
- Synergistic Assimilation of Radar-Derived Precipitation and GNSS Zenith Total Delay to Improve Heavy Rainfall Forecasts: A Case Study Over Northern Germany in 2017 J. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3550606
- Data assimilation impact studies with the AROME-WMED reanalysis of the first special observation period of the Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment N. Fourrié et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-463-2021
- Exploring the troposphere with GNSS: Advances in modeling, monitoring, and applications C. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105610
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 24 Aug 2026
Short summary
Atmospheric moisture-related information obtained from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations from ground-based receiver stations of the Nordic GNSS Analysis Centre (NGAA) has been used within a state-of-the-art kilometre-scale numerical weather prediction system.
The sensitivity of results to aspects of the data processing, observation density, bias-correction and data assimilation has been investigated. Results show a benefit on forecast quality of using GNSS ZTD.
Atmospheric moisture-related information obtained from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)...
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